Galangal#Uses

{{for|the rhizome-bearing plant sometimes known as "galingale"|Cyperus longus}}

Galangal ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɡ|æ|l|ə|ŋ|ˌ|ɡ|æ|l}}{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia=Oxford English Dictionary |edition=Third |title=galangal |url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/76220 |access-date=19 December 2018| date=November 2010 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}) is a rhizome of plants in the ginger family Zingiberaceae, with culinary and medicinal uses originating in Indonesia. It is one of four species in the genus Alpinia, and is known for its pungent, aromatic flavor. Greater galangal (Alpinia galanga) is most commonly used, and is similar to ginger and turmeric. It is native to South Asia and Southeast Asia. Lesser galangal (Alpinia officinarum) and other types are also used, though less frequently. In traditional medicine, galangal is used to treat various ailments. It is a common ingredient in Thai, Indonesian, and Malaysian cuisine, and is also used in some traditional Chinese medicine.

Differentiation

The word galangal, or its variant galanga or archaically galingale, can refer in common usage to the aromatic rhizome of any of four plant species in the Zingiberaceae (ginger) family, namely:

Alpinia galanga, also called greater galangal, lengkuas, Siamese ginger or laos
Alpinia officinarum, or lesser galangal
Boesenbergia rotunda, also called Chinese ginger or fingerroot
Kaempferia galanga, also called kencur, black galangal or sand ginger

The term galingale is sometimes also used for the rhizome of the unrelated sweet cyperus (Cyperus longus), traditionally used as a folk medicine in Europe.

Uses

= Culinary =

Various galangal rhizomes are used in traditional Southeast Asian cuisine, such as Khmer kroeung (Cambodian paste), Thai and Lao tom yum and tom kha gai soups, Vietnamese Huế cuisine (tré) and throughout Indonesian cuisine, as in soto and opor. Polish Żołądkowa Gorzka vodka is flavoured with galangal. While all species of galangal are closely related to common ginger, each is unique in its own right. Due to their unique taste and 'hotness' profiles, the individual varieties are usually distinguished from ginger, and from each other, in traditional Asian dishes. The taste of galangal has been variously described as "flowery", "like ginger with cardamom" and "like peppery cinnamon". Lesser galangal was popular in European medieval cooking.{{Cite web |title=Medicinal Spices Exhibit - UCLA Biomedical Library: History & Special Collections: Galangal |url=https://unitproj.library.ucla.edu/biomed/spice/index.cfm?displayID=29 |access-date=28 August 2024 |website=Medicinal Spices Exhibit - UCLA Biomedical Library: History & Special Collections}}

Galangals are commonly available in Asian markets in a variety of forms: as whole fresh rhizomes; dried and sliced; and powdered.

= Medical =

In ethnobotany, galangal has been used for its purported merits in promoting digestion and alleviating respiratory diseases and stomach problems. Specific medical virtues have been attributed to each galangal variety.{{Cite web|url=https://www.healthyhildegard.com/what-is-galangal/|title=What is Galangal? Your Guide to the Spice of Life|date=February 16, 2016|website=Healthy Hildegard}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.keittotaito.com/keittosanasto.html|title=Keittosanasto: Keittotaito – ruoanvalmistuksen opas|website=www.keittotaito.com|language=fi}}

References

Category:Medicinal plants

Category:Zingiberaceae

Category:Spices

Category:Thai cuisine

Category:Lao cuisine

Category:Vietnamese cuisine

Category:Indonesian cuisine

Category:Plant common names