Gamma Cephei Ab
{{Short description|Jovian planet orbiting γ Cephei A}}
{{Infobox planet
| name = γ Cephei Ab / Tadmor
| image = Gamma Cephei.png
| caption = Artist impression of Tadmor, its host and the faint Gamma Cephei B.
| discoverer = Bruce Campbell, Gordon Walker, Stephenson Yang,{{Cite web |title=ESA Science & Technology - A brief introduction to exoplanets |url=https://sci.esa.int/web/exoplanets/-/60654-a-brief-introduction-to-exoplanets |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=sci.esa.int |language=en-US}} Hatzes et al.
| discovery_site = United States
| discovered = 13 July 1988 (suspected)
7 May 2003 (confirmed)
| discovery_method = Doppler spectroscopy
| apsis = astron
| semimajor = {{val|2.05|0.06}} AU
| eccentricity = {{val|0.049|0.034}}
| period = {{val|903.3|1.5}} d
| time_periastron = {{val|2453227|87|fmt=commas}}
| arg_peri = {{val|94.6|34.6}}
| semi-amplitude = 27.5 ± 1.5
| star = γ Cephei A
| mass = {{val|9.4|0.7|1.1|ul=Jupiter mass}}
}}
Gamma Cephei Ab (abbreviated γ Cephei Ab, γ Cep Ab), formally named Tadmor {{IPAc-en|'|t|æ|d|m|ɔːr}}, is an exoplanet approximately 45 light-years away in the constellation of Cepheus that orbits Gamma Cephei A. The planet was suspected to exist in 1988, and later confirmed in 2003, technically making it the first exoplanet discovered.
Naming
In July 2014 the International Astronomical Union (IAU) launched NameExoWorlds, a process for giving proper names to certain exoplanets.[http://www.iau.org/news/pressreleases/detail/iau1404/ NameExoWorlds: An IAU Worldwide Contest to Name Exoplanets and their Host Stars]. IAU.org. 9 July 2014 The process involved public nomination and voting for the new names.{{Cite web |url=http://nameexoworlds.iau.org/process |title=NameExoWorlds The Process |access-date=2015-09-05 |archive-date=2015-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150815025117/http://www.nameexoworlds.iau.org/process |url-status=dead }} In December 2015, the IAU announced the winning name for this planet was Tadmor.[http://www.iau.org/news/pressreleases/detail/iau1514/ Final Results of NameExoWorlds Public Vote Released], International Astronomical Union, 15 December 2015. It was submitted by the Syrian Astronomical Association and is the ancient Semitic name and modern Arabic name for the city of Palmyra, a (UNESCO) World Heritage Site.{{Cite web |url=http://nameexoworlds.iau.org/names |title=NameExoWorlds The Approved Names |access-date=2015-12-30 |archive-date=2018-02-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201043609/http://nameexoworlds.iau.org/names |url-status=dead }}
Detection and discovery
=1988 claims=
The first indications of γ Cephei Ab were reported in July 1988. The planet was tentatively identified by a Canadian team of astronomers, which was led by Bruce Campbell, Gordon Walker and Stephenson Yang,{{Cite web |title=ESA Science & Technology - A brief introduction to exoplanets |url=https://sci.esa.int/web/exoplanets/-/60654-a-brief-introduction-to-exoplanets |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=sci.esa.int |language=en-US}} while its existence was also announced by Anthony Lawton and P. Wright in 1989. Though not confirmed, this would have been the first true discovery of an extrasolar planet, and it was hypothesized based on the same radial velocity technique later used successfully by others. However, the claim was retracted in 1992 due to the quality of the data not being good enough to make a solid discovery.{{cite book|last=Boss|first=Alan|title=The Crowded Universe: The Search for Living Planets|date=2009|publisher=Basic Books|isbn=978-0-465-00936-7}}
=2003 confirmation=
On 7 May 2003, γ Cephei Ab was finally confirmed. The team of astronomers (including William D. Cochran, Artie P. Hatzes, et al.) at the Planetary Systems and their Formation Workshop announced the preliminary confirmation of a long-suspected planet γ Cephei Ab with a minimum mass of 1.59 MJ (1.59 times that of Jupiter). The parameters were later recalculated when direct detection of the secondary star γ Cephei B allowed astronomers to better constrain the properties of the system. γ Cephei Ab moves in an elliptical orbit with a semimajor axis of 2.044 AU which takes almost two and a half years to complete. The eccentricity is 0.115, which means it moves between 1.81 and 2.28 AU in orbital distance around γ Cephei A, which would place it from slightly beyond the orbit of Mars to the inner asteroid belt in the Solar System.
=Astrometric observations=
Hipparcos data taken in 2006 constrains its mass below "13.3 MJ at the 95% confidence level, and 16.9 MJ at the 99.73% (3 σ) confidence level". This is not much to go on, but it is enough to verify that it is not another unseen brown or red dwarf.
In 2018, Hubble astrometric observations revealed the true mass of γ Cephei Ab to be 9.4 {{Jupiter mass|link=y}}.
See also
References
{{Reflist|refs=
{{cite journal | last1 = Benedict | first1 = G. Fritz | last2 = Harrison | first2 = Thomas E. | last3 = Endl | first3 = M. | last4 = Torres | first4 = G. | title = A Mass for γ Cep Ab | journal = Research Notes of the AAS | date = April 2018 | volume = 2 | issue = 2 | page = 7 | doi = 10.3847/2515-5172/aabe7e | bibcode = 2018RNAAS...2....7B | s2cid = 188154737 | doi-access = free }}
}}
External links
- {{cite web |url=http://austral.as.utexas.edu/planets/gamcep/gamcep.html |title=A Planetary Companion to the Binary Star Gamma Cephei |access-date=2008-06-23 |work=McDonald Observatory |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726190314/http://austral.as.utexas.edu/planets/gamcep/gamcep.html |archive-date=2008-07-26 }}
- {{cite web |url=http://www.solstation.com/stars2/errai2.htm |title=Errai 2 |access-date=2008-06-23 |work=SolStation}}
{{Sky|23|39|20.8|+|77|37|56|44.9}}
{{Stars of Cepheus}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gamma Cephei Ab}}
Category:Exoplanets discovered in 1988
Category:Exoplanets with proper names