Gamma Pegasi

{{Short description|Variable B-type star in the constellation Pegasus}}

{{redirect|Algenib|the another star named Algenib|Alpha Persei}}

{{Starbox begin

| name = Gamma Pegasi

}}

{{Starbox image

| image=

{{Location mark

|image=Pegasus constellation map.svg|alt=|float=center|width=280

|label=|position=right

|mark=Red circle.svg|mark_width=12|mark_link=γ Peg

|x=94|y=508

}}

|caption=Location of γ Pegasi (circled)

}}

{{Starbox observe

| epoch = J2000

| constell = Pegasus

| ra = {{RA|00|13|14.15123}}

| dec = {{DEC|+15|11|00.9368}}

| appmag_v = {{val|2.78|to|2.89|p=+}}

}}

{{Starbox character

| class = B2 IV

| b-v = −0.23

| u-b = −0.85

| variable = β Cep

}}

{{Starbox astrometry

| radial_v = +4.1

| prop_mo_ra = +1.98

| prop_mo_dec = –9.28

| pm_footnote =

| parallax = 6.9474

| p_error = 0.4293

| parallax_footnote =

| absmag_v = {{Val|-2.51|0.15}}

}}

{{Starbox detail

| source =

| mass = {{val|8.8|0.3}}

| radius = {{val|5.4|0.4}}

| gravity = {{val|3.95|0.05}}

| metal_fe = −0.34

| age_myr = {{val|21.9|1.0|1.4}}

| luminosity = {{Val|6000|900|800|fmt=commas}}

| temperature = {{val|22000|400|fmt=commas}}

| rotational_velocity = 8

}}

{{Starbox catalog

| names = {{odlist | name=Algenib | B=γ Pegasi | F=88 Pegasi | HD=886 | FK5=7 | HIP=1067 | HR=39 | SAO=91781 }}

}}

{{Starbox reference

| Simbad = gam+Peg

}}

{{Starbox end}}

Gamma Pegasi is a star in the constellation of Pegasus, located at the southeast corner of the asterism known as the Great Square. It has the formal name Algenib {{IPAc-en|æ|l|'|dZ|iː|n|I|b}}; the Bayer designation Gamma Pegasi is Latinized from γ Pegasi and abbreviated Gamma Peg or γ Peg. The average apparent visual magnitude of +2.84 makes this the fourth-brightest star in the constellation. The distance to this star has been measured using the parallax technique, yielding a value of roughly {{Convert|144|pc|ly|abbr=off|lk=on|order=flip}}.

Nomenclature

Gamma Pegasi is the star's Bayer designation. Although it also had the traditional name Algenib, this name was also used for Alpha Persei. In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016 included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included Algenib for this star (Alpha Persei was given the name Mirfak).

The asterism of γ Pegasi and α Andromedae, in Hindu astronomy, is called Uttara Bhādrapadā (उत्तरभाद्रपदा) or Uttṛṭṭāti. It is the 26th nakshatra. In Chinese, {{lang|zh|壁宿}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Bìxiù}}), meaning Wall (asterism) refers to an asterism consisting of γ Pegasi and α Andromedae . Consequently, the Chinese name for γ Pegasi itself is {{lang|zh|壁宿一}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|Bìxiù yī}}, {{langx|en|the First Star of Wall}}.)

Properties

File:GammaPegLightCurve.png for Gamma Pegasi, plotted from TESS data]]

In 1911, American astronomer Keivin Burns discovered that the radial velocity of Gamma Pegasi varied slightly. This was confirmed in 1953 by American astronomer D. Harold McNamara, who identified it as a Beta Cephei variable. (At the time he actually identified it as a Beta Canis Majoris star, which was subsequently designated a Beta Cephei variable.) It has a radial pulsation period of 0.15175 days (3.642 hours), but also shows the behavior of a slowly pulsating B star (SPB) with three additional pulsational frequencies. Hence it is considered a hybrid pulsator. Its magnitude varies between +2.78 and +2.89 over the course of each pulsation cycle.

This is a large star with 8.8 times the mass of the Sun and 5.5 times the Sun's radius. The stellar classification of B2 IV suggests this is a subgiant star that is exhausting the hydrogen at its core and is in the process of evolving away from the main sequence. With a projected rotational velocity of {{val|8|u=km/s}}, it is either rotating very slowly or it is being viewed from nearly pole-on. Gamma Pegasi has a total luminosity of 6,000 times that of the Sun, which is being radiated from its outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of more than 22,000 K. At this temperature, the star glows with a blue-white hue.

The star has a weak magnetic field (from -10 G to 30 G, an upper bound on a dipolar magnetic field strength of about {{Val|40|ul=G}}).

References

{{reflist|refs=

{{cite journal | display-authors=1 | last1=Samus | first1=N. N. | last2=Kazarovets | first2=E. V. | last3=Durlevich | first3=O. V. | last4=Kireeva | first4=N. N. | last5=Pastukhova | first5=E. N. | title=General Catalogue of Variable Stars | version=5.1 | journal=Astronomy Reports | year=2017 | volume=61 | issue=1 | pages=80–88 | bibcode=2017ARep...61...80S | s2cid=125853869 | doi=10.1134/S1063772917010085}}

{{in lang|zh}} [http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/c_research_chinengstars_ala_alz.htm 香港太空館 – 研究資源 – 亮星中英對照表] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081025110153/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/c_research_chinengstars_ala_alz.htm |date=October 25, 2008}}, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.

{{in lang|zh}} p. 170, 中國星座神話, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, {{ISBN|978-986-7332-25-7}}.

{{cite web | url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/WGSN_bulletin1.pdf | title=Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1 |access-date=28 July 2016}}

{{cite web | url=https://www.iau.org/science/scientific_bodies/working_groups/280/ | title=IAU Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)|access-date=22 May 2016}}

{{cite web | url=http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamajek/WGSN/IAU-CSN.txt | title=IAU Catalog of Star Names |access-date=28 July 2016}}

{{cite journal |bibcode=2024A&A...690A.176N |title=The IACOB project: XII. New grid of northern standards for the spectral classification of B-type stars |last1=Negueruela |first1=I. |last2=Simón-Díaz |first2=S. |last3=De Burgos |first3=A. |last4=Casasbuenas |first4=A. |last5=Beck |first5=P. G. |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |date=2024 |volume=690 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202449298 |arxiv=2407.04163 }}

{{cite journal | last1=Nieva | first1=María-Fernanda | last2=Przybilla | first2=Norbert | title=Fundamental properties of nearby single early B-type stars | journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics | volume=566 | pages=A7 | year=2014 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201423373 | bibcode=2014A&A...566A...7N | arxiv=1412.1418 | s2cid=119227033}}

{{cite book |last1=Kunitzsch |first1=Paul |last2=Smart |first2=Tim |date = 2006 |edition = 2nd rev. |title = A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations |publisher = Sky Pub |location = Cambridge, Massachusetts |isbn = 978-1-931559-44-7}}

{{cite Gaia EDR3|2769202742740232960}}

{{cite web |title=MAST: Barbara A. Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes |url=https://mast.stsci.edu/portal/Mashup/Clients/Mast/Portal.html |publisher=Space Telescope Science Institute |access-date=8 December 2021}}

{{cite journal | first1=F. | last1=van Leeuwen |date=November 2007 | title=Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=474 | issue=2 | pages=653–664 | bibcode=2007A&A...474..653V | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20078357 |arxiv = 0708.1752 | s2cid=18759600}}

{{cite journal | last1=Tetzlaff | first1=N. | last2=Neuhäuser | first2=R. | last3=Hohle | first3=M. M. | title=A catalogue of young runaway Hipparcos stars within 3 kpc from the Sun | journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volume=410 | issue=1 | pages=190–200 |date=January 2011 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17434.x | doi-access=free | bibcode=2011MNRAS.410..190T |arxiv = 1007.4883 | s2cid=118629873}}

{{cite journal | last1=Gies | first1=Douglas R. | last2=Lambert | first2=David L. | title=Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen abundances in early B-type stars | journal=Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 | volume=387 | date=March 10, 1992 | pages=673–700 | doi=10.1086/171116 | bibcode=1992ApJ...387..673G | doi-access=free}}

{{cite journal | last=Wilson | first=Ralph Elmer | date=1953 | title=General Catalogue of Stellar Radial Velocities | journal=Carnegie Institute Washington D.C. Publication | publisher=Carnegie Institution of Washington | location=Washington | bibcode=1953GCRV..C......0W}}

{{cite journal | last1=Crawford | first1=D. L. | last2=Barnes | first2=J. V. | last3=Golson | first3=J. C. | title=Four-color, H-beta, and UBV photometry for bright B-type stars in the northern hemisphere | journal=The Astronomical Journal | date=1971 | pages=1058 | volume=76 | bibcode=1971AJ.....76.1058C | doi=10.1086/111220}}

{{cite simbad | title=gam Peg | access-date=2012-02-23}}

{{cite journal | last1=Walczak | first1=P. | last2=Daszyńska-Daszkiewicz | first2=J. | title=Complex asteroseismology of the hybrid B-type pulsator γ Pegasi: A test of stellar opacities | journal=Astronomische Nachrichten | volume=331 | issue=9/10 | pages=1057–1060 |date=December 2010 | doi=10.1002/asna.201011456 | bibcode=2010AN....331.1057W |arxiv = 1004.2366 | s2cid=119218384}}

{{cite journal | last1=McNamara | first1=D. H. | title=Gamma Pegasi: A Beta Canis Majoris Star of Small Velocity Amplitude | journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific | volume=65 | issue=384 | page=144 |date=June 1953 | doi=10.1086/126561 | bibcode=1953PASP...65..144M | doi-access=free}}

{{cite web |title=The Colour of Stars |date=December 21, 2004 |work=Australia Telescope, Outreach and Education |publisher=Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation |url=http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html |access-date=2012-01-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318151427/http://outreach.atnf.csiro.au/education/senior/astrophysics/photometry_colour.html |archive-date=2012-03-18}}

{{cite journal | author = Butkovskaya V.V., Plachinda S.I. | title = A study of the β Cephei star γ Pegasi: binarity, magnetic field, rotation, and pulsations |journal = Astronomy and Astrophysics | year = 2007 | volume = 469 | number = 3 Jul | pages = 1069–1076 | doi = 10.1051/0004-6361:20065563 | quote = We have detected the presence of a weak magnetic field on the star. The longitudinal component of the field varies from -10 G to 30 G with the stellar rotation. The most probable rotational period is P_rot = 6.6538 ± 0.0016 days. Both the orbital and the rotational periods are integral multiples of the difference between them: P_orb/{{!}}P_orb - P_rot{{!}} = 42.002, and P_rot/{{!}}P_orb - P_rot{{!}} = 41.002. Variation in the longitudinal magnetic field during the pulsation period with an amplitude about 7 G was detected.|doi-access = free}}

{{cite journal | title=γ Pegasi: testing Vega-like magnetic fields in B stars | display-authors=1 | last1=Neiner | first1=C. | last2=Monin | first2=D. | last3=Leroy | first3=B. | last4=Mathis | first4=S. | last5=Bohlender | first5=D. | journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics | volume=562 | id=A59 | pages=8 | date=February 2014 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201323093 | bibcode=2014A&A...562A..59N | arxiv=1312.3521 | s2cid=54652836 | url=https://hal-cea.archives-ouvertes.fr/cea-01162433 | quote= We find that no magnetic signatures are visible in the very high quality spectropolarimetric data. The average longitudinal field measured in the Narval data is Bl = −0.1 ± 0.4 G. We derive a very strict upper limit of the dipolar field strength of Bpol ~ 40 G.}}

{{cite journal | title=Asteroseismology of Hybrid Pulsators Made Possible: Simultaneous MOST Space Photometry and Ground-Based Spectroscopy of γ Peg | last1=Handler | first1=G. | last2=Matthews | first2=J. M. | last3=Eaton | first3=J. A. | last4=Daszyńska-Daszkiewicz | first4=J. | last5=Kuschnig | first5=R. | last6=Lehmann | first6=H. | last7=Rodríguez | first7=E. | last8=Pamyatnykh | first8=A. A. | last9=Zdravkov | first9=T. | last10=Lenz | first10=P. | last11=Costa | first11=V. | last12=Díaz-Fraile | first12=D. | last13=Sota | first13=A. | last14=Kwiatkowski | first14=T. | last15=Schwarzenberg-Czerny | first15=A. | last16=Borczyk | first16=W. | last17=Dimitrov | first17=W. | last18=Fagas | first18=M. | last19=Kamiński | first19=K. | last20=Rożek | first20=A. | last21=van Wyk | first21=F. | last22=Pollard | first22=K. R. | last23=Kilmartin | first23=P. M. | last24=Weiss | first24=W. W. | last25=Guenther | first25=D. B. | last26=Moffat | first26=A. F. J. | last27=Rucinski | first27=S. M. | last28=Sasselov | first28=D. D. | last29=Walker | first29=G. A. H. | display-authors=1 | journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters | volume=698 | issue=1 | pages=L56–L59 | date=June 2009 | doi=10.1088/0004-637X/698/1/L56 | arxiv=0905.1193 | bibcode=2009ApJ...698L..56H}}

}}