Gangubai Kothewali
{{short description|Indian sex worker and social activist (died 1977)}}
{{for|the film|Gangubai Kathiawadi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Gangubai Kothewali
| other_names = Gangubai Kathiawadi
| image = Gangubai Harjeevandas.jpg
| caption = Gangubai Kothewali, a social activist, prostitute and a madame.
| birth_name = Ganga Harjeevandas
| birth_date = 1928
| birth_place = Kathiawar, British India
(present-day Gujarat, India)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1977|9|8|1928|df=y}}{{cite web|title=Gangubai's daughter speaks to outlook|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8j0RfpPOuA
|publisher=Outlook|date= 3 March 2022|website=YouTube|access-date=31 March 2022|quote=See 0:22 onwards, "She died in 1977" }}
| death_place = Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| occupation = {{hlist|Sex worker|madam}}
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}
Gangubai Harjeevandas (1928 – 8 September 1977),{{efn|The honorific suffix bai, {{lit|lady}}, is often added to the names of women in India.{{cite book|title=The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/mcgregor_query.py?page=719|last=McGregor|first=R. S.|author-link=R. S. McGregor|page=719|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1993|via=DSAL}} The name here itself being Gangu or Ganga.}} better known as Gangubai Kothewali{{cite news |last1=Jain |first1=Vaishali |title=Alia Bhatt's Gangubai Kathiawadi earns rave review from Aamir Khan's daughter Ira Khan; read here |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities/alia-bhatt-s-gangubai-kathiawadi-earns-rave-review-from-aamir-khan-s-daughter-ira-khan-read-here-2022-05-02-773631 |access-date=23 May 2022 |work=India TV News |date=2 May 2022 |language=en}}{{efn|Kothewali literally means a prostitute. From kotha (brothel) and wali, which showcases her status as the madam of a brothel.{{cite book|title=The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/mcgregor_query.py?page=216|last=McGregor|first=R. S.|author-link=R. S. McGregor|page=216|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1993|via=DSAL}}}} or Gangubai Kathiawadi,{{efn|Indicating her origin from Kathiawar (Saurashtra) in western India.}} was an Indian social activist, sex worker and madam of a brothel in the Kamathipura area of Mumbai during the 1960s. Gangubai worked for the rights of sex workers and for the well-being of orphans.{{Cite news |last=Taneja |first=Parina |date=16 January 2020 |title=Who is Gangubai Kathiawadi, whose husband sold her at a brothel for Rs 500? |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/who-is-gangubai-kathiawadi-husband-sold-rs-500-alia-bhatt-sanjay-leela-bhansali-film-580029 |access-date=4 April 2022 |work=India TV News |language=en}} She gradually ended up operating her own brothel and is known to also have lobbied for the rights of commercial sex workers.{{Cite news |last=Shaikh |first=Zeeshan |date=23 February 2022 |title=Explained: Who was Gangubai Kathiawadi? Why is Alia Bhatt's film on her facing legal troubles? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-gangubai-kathiawadi-film-legal-troubles-7782631/ |work=The Indian Express |access-date=4 April 2022}}
Life
She was sold into prostitution aged 16, in 1944, by her suitor, Ramnik Lal, after running away from home to Bombay. She came to be known as the Madame of Kamathipura at aged 25 in 1953, for being an influential pimp in the city with underworld connections, peddling drugs. Later in life (presumably around 1957), she met Jawaharlal Nehru to discuss the plight of sex workers and improve their living conditions.{{Cite web|url=https://www.desimartini.com/news/martini-shots/trending-top-list/know-gangubai-kothewali-the-legendary-brothel-madam-alia-bhatt-will-be-playing-in-slbs-next-article120431.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924050518/https://www.desimartini.com/news/martini-shots/trending-top-list/know-gangubai-kothewali-the-legendary-brothel-madam-alia-bhatt-will-be-playing-in-slbs-next-article120431.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 September 2019|title=Know Gangubai Kothewali, The Legendary Brothel Madam Alia Bhatt Will Be Playing In SLB's Next|date=22 September 2019|website=Desimartini|language=en|access-date=21 January 2020}}{{Cite web|url=https://hindi.thequint.com/entertainment/bollywood/gangubai-khothewali-sanjay-leela-bhansali-film-alia-bhatt|title=गंगूबाई कोठेवाली-पति ने ₹500 में बेचा था,भंसाली उनपर फिल्म बनाएंगे|date=25 September 2019|website=Quint Hindi|language=hi|access-date=21 January 2020}} Journalist Pamban Mu Prasanth noted in his article about her in BBC Tamil that a great deal of that is unsubstantiated.{{Cite web |date=8 March 2022 |title=யார் இந்த கங்குபாய்? கணவனால் விற்கப்பட்ட 16 வயது பெண் மும்பையைக் கலக்கிய கதை |url=https://www.bbc.com/tamil/india-60652966 |access-date=12 December 2022 |website=BBC News தமிழ் |language=ta}}
Mafia Queens of Mumbai (2011) by Hussain Zaidi contains information on the lives of thirteen women who influenced Mumbai. In it, Zaidi also gives information about Gangubai. According to this, Gangubai was from a highly educated family and was obsessed with working in films and was a fan of Dev Anand. Gangubai, 16, and her husband Ramnik Lal, 26, fled to Mumbai and got married. Within a few days of the marriage, her husband sold her in a kuntankhana (brothel) for {{INR|1000}}. Reluctantly, Gangubai started working as a prostitute. In a short time, Gangubai became the head of some kuntankhanas. A goon named Shaukat Khan Pathan started exploiting her financially and physically. Gangubai went to the then underworld don Karim Lala to complain about Pathan. Lala assured her of help and was tied a rakhi in return. After this, Shaukat Khan was warned and roughed-up by Lala.
Since then, Gangubai's repute as Karim Lala's supposed sister grew during the 1960s. St. Anthony's Girls' High School, which was established in Kamathipura in 1922, started a campaign to clean up the area of "bad influence". This led to an order to move the brothel. Gangubai vehemently opposed this and effectively presented her case to the then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru in 1957, and as a result, the brothel was not moved.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}}
During this time Gangubai was also working for various issues of orphans and women in the prostitution business. Gangubai counseled and sent back many young women, who had fled their homes for working in films and got stuck in prostitution. For this reason, everyone used to respectfully call Gangubai Ganga Maa (mother). After her death, her photographs and statues were erected in brothels of the area.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}}
In popular culture
Her life was documented in the 2011 book, Mafia Queens of Mumbai, by writer and investigative journalist Hussain Zaidi.
The 2022 Indian Hindi-language film Gangubai Kathiawadi is based on the life of Gangubai Kothewali and a chapter of Zaidi's book, and directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali with actress Alia Bhatt playing the titular character.{{cite news|url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/alia-bhatt-begins-shooting-for-gangubai-kathiawadi-shares-pic-of-her-trailer-look-what-santa-gave-me-this-year/story-B7SG8a3jfqx7n7cBzCzm6L_amp.html|title=Alia Bhatt begins shooting for Gangubai Kathiawadi, shares pic of her trailer:'Look what Santa gave me this year'|publisher=Hindustan Times|date=27 December 2019|access-date=27 December 2019}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.vogue.in/whats-new/content/alia-bhatt-who-was-gangubai-kathiawadi-facts-bollywood-films-2020|title=Who was Gangubai Kathiawadi: The real woman behind Alia Bhatt's latest character|website=Vogue India|date=15 January 2020|language=en-IN|access-date=21 January 2020}}
Notes
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References
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{{Prostitution in India}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Kothewali, Gangubai}}
Category:20th-century Indian people
Category:Indian female prostitutes
Category:Activists from Mumbai