Ganoderma australe
{{Short description|Species of fungus}}
{{Speciesbox
| genus = Ganoderma
| species = australe
| authority = (Fr.) Pat.{{GBIF |id=2549779 |title=Ganoderma australe (Fr.) Pat. |access-date=19 May 2025}}
| image = Ganoderma australe (Fr.) Pat. - Flickr - Alex Popovkin, Bahia, Brazil (5).jpg
| synonyms = {{collapsible list |{{species list
|? australe |Fr.
|Elfvingia australis |(Fr.) G.Cunn.
|Elfvingia tornata |(Pers.) Murrill
|Fomes annularis |Lloyd
|Fomes applanatus subsp. australis |(Fr.) Cleland & Cheel, 1917
|Fomes applanatus var. australis |(Fr.) Cleland & Cheel
|Fomes applanatus var. oroflavus |(Lloyd) Cleland & Cheel
|Fomes arculatus |(Bres.) Sacc.
|Fomes australis |(Fr.) Cooke
|Fomes australis subsp. arculatus |(Bres.) Sacc.
|Fomes australis var. oroflavus |(Lloyd) G.Cunn.
|Fomes oroflavus |Lloyd
|Fomes polyzonus |Lloyd
|Fomes pseudoaustralis |Lloyd
|Fomes scansilis |(Berk.) Cooke
|Fomes undatus |Lázaro Ibiza
|Ganoderma annulare |(Lloyd) Boedijn
|Ganoderma applanatum f. australe |(Fr.) Bourdot & Galzin
|Ganoderma applanatum subsp. australe |(Fr.) Bourdot & Galzin
|Ganoderma applanatum subsp. tornatum |(Pers.) Humphrey & Leus-Palo, 1931
|Ganoderma applanatum var. tornatum |(Pers.) C.J.Humphrey & Leus-Palo
|Ganoderma australe f. arculatum |Bres.
|Ganoderma polyzonum |(Lloyd) Torrend
|Ganoderma tornatum |(Pers.) Bres.
|Ganoderma tornatum subsp. tornatum |(Pers.) Humphrey, 1931
|Placodes australis |(Fr.) Quél.
|Polyporus australis |Fr.
|Polyporus scansilis |Berk.
|Polyporus tornatus |Pers.
|Scindalma arculatum |(Bres.) Kuntze
|Scindalma scansile |(Berk.) Kuntze
|Scindalma tornatum |(Pers.) Kuntz
}} }}
}}
{{ mycomorphbox
| name = Ganoderma tornatum
| hymeniumType = pores
| capShape =
| whichGills = No
| stipeCharacter =
| sporePrintColor = brown
| ecologicalType = parasitic
| howEdible = unknown
}}
Ganoderma australe is a fungal plant pathogen in the genus Ganoderma. It is a species of basidiomycete fungi in the family Polyporaceae. Members are also known as bracket fungi, or polypores.{{Cite web |title=Ganoderma tornatum |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/data-hub/taxonomy/101942/ |access-date=2023-01-15 |website=NCBI |language=en}}
Description
Like other polypores, its physical characteristics include a rigid and tough texture and a shelf-like appearance. Most specimens of G. australe have a dark brown upper surface, though the ones found in the northwest of India and Pakistan have a lighter appearance. G. australe also have thin, shiny horn-like layers, distinguishing them from G. applanatum. It does not have a long and thin stipe like G. cochlear.{{Cite journal |last=Steyaert |first=R. L. |date=1972-01-01 |title=Species of Ganoderma and related genera mainly of the Bogor and Leiden Herbaria |url=https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/531977 |journal=Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi |language=en |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=55–118 |issn=0031-5850}}
Physiologically, their mode of transmission is likely primarily through air-borne spores, as no rhizomorphs have been found. {{Cite journal |title=Ganoderma tornatum. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria]. |url=https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/DFB/20056400447 |access-date=2022-11-27 |journal=Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria |year=1975 |language=en |doi=10.1079/dfb/20056400447|last1=Uk |first1=Cab International |last2=Steyaert |first2=R. L. |volume=45 |url-access=subscription }} While temperature increases decrease their spore size {{Cite journal |last=Steyaert |first=R. L. |date=1975-12-01 |title=The concept and circumscription of Ganoderma tornatum |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000715367580043X |journal=Transactions of the British Mycological Society |language=en |volume=65 |issue=3 |pages=451–467 |doi=10.1016/S0007-1536(75)80043-X |issn=0007-1536|url-access=subscription }} its spore size was found to be 7.5–9.5 x 5–7 micrometers in one sample. In addition to parasitizing oil palms, G. australe has a variety of hosts, in comparison to other Ganoderma species.{{Cite journal |last1=Pilotti |first1=Carmel A. |last2=Sanderson |first2=Frank R. |last3=Aitken |first3=Elizabeth A.B. |last4=Armstrong |first4=Wendy |date=2004-09-01 |title=Morphological variation and host range of two Ganoderma species from Papua New Guinea |url=https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MYCO.0000041833.41085.6f |journal=Mycopathologia |language=en |volume=158 |issue=2 |pages=251–265 |doi=10.1023/B:MYCO.0000041833.41085.6f |pmid=15518355 |s2cid=27078014 |issn=1573-0832|url-access=subscription }}
Distribution and habitat
It is distributed widely throughout the tropics, appearing to be one of the most common species of Ganoderma there. Some places it occurs is south of the Sahara desert, the shores of the Pacific Ocean in Canada, and the north west of India and Pakistan, and from the Philippines to New Caledonia and Papua. It is not clear if this species occurs in South America, as few specimens are available.
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20070820101227/http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/ USDA ARS Fungal Database]
{{Taxonbar|from1=Q5521455|from2=Q81188806}}
Category:Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Category:Fungi described in 1828