Gao Shi
{{Short description|Chinese Tang dynasty poet (704–765)}}
{{family name hatnote|Gao|lang=Chinese}}
{{expand Chinese|topic=bio|date=April 2024}}
{{refimprove|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| image = Tang dynasty poet Gao Shi.jpg
| caption = Gao Shi, painted by Kanō Tsunenobu in the 18th century
| name = Gao Shi
| native_name = 高適
| native_name_lang= zh-hant
| birth_name =
| other_names =
| birth_date = 704
| birth_place = Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| death_date = {{death year and age|765|704}}
| death_place = Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| death_cause =
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Military general, poet, politician
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| movement =
| spouse =
| children =
| parents =
| relatives =
| awards =
| signature =
| signature_size =
| module = {{Infobox Chinese|child=yes
|t={{linktext|高|適}}
|s={{linktext|高|适}}{{efn|The traditional form "高適" is also used in some books in Simplified Chinese, for the Chinese character 适 may have ambiguous meaning.}}
|p=Gāo Shì
|w=Kao Shih
|j=Gou1 Sik1
|altname = Dafu
|t2 = {{linktext|達|夫}}
|s2 = {{linktext|达|夫}}
|l2 =
|p2 = Dáfū
|altname3 = Zhongwu
|c3 = {{linktext|仲武}}
|l3 =
|p3 = Zhòngwǔ
|altname4 = Gao Changshi
|c4 = {{linktext|高|常|侍}}
|l4 =
|p4 = Gāo Chángshì
}}
}}
Gao Shi ({{circa|704{{snd}}765}})Luo Yuming A Concise History of Chinese Literature, p. 290{{sfn|Wu|1972|p=224}} was a Chinese military general, poet, and politician of the Tang dynasty, two of whose poems were collected in the popular anthology Three Hundred Tang Poems. His courtesy name was Dáfū ({{lang|zh|達夫}}).Kanjigen entry "Gao Shi" (Kōteki/Kōseki). Gakken 2006.Daijisen entry "Gao Shi" (Kōseki). Shogakukan.
Born into an impoverished family, Gao eventually became a secretary in the military, enjoying a successful career.Red Pine. Poems of the Masters, p. 38. Copper Canyon Press, 2003. His hometown was either in modern Hunan Province or Shandong Province.
Gao Shi was one of the competitors in the famous wine shop competition, along with Wang Zhihuan and Wang Changling.
Life
=Early years=
Gao Shi is generally considered to have been born in 704, in Cangzhou(沧州). He spent his childhood in Guangzhou, where his father worked as an officer in Shaozhou(广东韶关).
Afterward, Gao Shi traveled around middle and southern China for more than 10 years and moved to Songzhou(宋州). During this time, he failed to find a way to become an official.刘开扬. 高适诗集编年笺注. 北京: 中华书局. 2018. ISBN 978-7-101-13344-8. In 731, Gao Shi moved to Shuofang(朔方) and joined the army. He witnessed the fight with the Khitan people and created many of his masterpieces like "A Song of the Yan Country".
=Becoming an official=
After the war, Gao Shi moved back to Songzhou and started another round of traveling. In the next 10 years, Gao Shi met Li Bai, Du Fu, and many other famous poets.
In 749, Gao Shi was recommended by Zhang Jiugao(张九皋). He became a county lieutenant in that autumn and visited the frontier as an official for the next 2 years.{{cite web | url=http://chinesenotes.com/jiutangshu.html | title=Chinese Notes }}
In the next several years, Gao Shi traveled around the frontier with the army. As the war was going well, Gao Shi kept getting promoted.
=Success in old age=
In 755, the An Lushan Rebellion took place. As a secretary in the military, Gao Shi had more chances to meet the emperor and show his talent.
After a chain of promotions, Gao Shi finally became the jiedushi of Chengdu.
Poems
One of Gao Shi's poems (as translated by Witter Bynner), appearing in the Tang 300, was "A Song of the Yan Country", referring to the Yan territory of the An and Shi "Yan dynasty", the other being "To Vice-prefects Li and Wang degraded and transferred to Xiazhong and Changsha". He moved back to the capital in 764 and in his last days, he became the deputy minister of the ministry of punishment.{{cite web | url=https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&chapter=137790 | title=廿二史劄記 : 卷十六 新舊唐書 - 中國哲學書電子化計劃 }} On February 17, 765, Gao Shi died in his home in Chang'an.
Gao's farewell poetry{{snd}}particularly Farewell to Dongda ({{lang-zh|別董大}}){{snd}}is notable for its optimism and encouragement, contrasting with the "debilitating grief" found in farewell poetry of the era. This optimism was massively influential on the works of Song dynasty poet Li Gonglin, to whom the themes of human agency and potential appealed.{{cite journal |last1=Brotherton |first1=Elizabeth |date=2000–2001 |title=Two Farewell Handscrolls of the Late Northern Song |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20111295 |url-access=subscription |journal=Archives of Asian Art |volume=52 |pages=44–62 |publisher=Duke University Press |access-date=4 April 2024}}{{rp|52}}
References
=Notes=
{{notelist}}
=Citations=
{{reflist}}
=Sources=
- {{cite book|last=Wu|first=John C. H.|date=1972|title=The Four Seasons of Tang Poetry|location=Rutland, Vermont|publisher=Charles E. Tuttle|isbn=978-0-8048-0197-3}}
{{Chinese poetry}}
{{Tang dynasty topics}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gao, Shi}}
Category:8th-century Chinese poets
Category:Politicians from Hengshui
Category:Tang dynasty generals from Hebei