Garadjari language
{{short description|Australian Aboriginal language}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Garadjari
|altname=Karajarri
|region=Western Australia
|ethnicity=Karajarri
|speakers=41
|date=2016 census
|familycolor=Australian
|fam1=Pama–Nyungan
|fam2=Marrngu
|dia1=Najanaja (Murrkut/Murgud)
|dia2=Nawurtu (Naurdu)
|dia3=Nangu
|iso3=gbd
|glotto=kara1476
|glottorefname=Karadjeri
|aiatsis=A64
|script=Latin
}}
Garadjari (Karajarri, many other spellings; see below) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Karajarri people. The language is a member of the Marrngu subgroup of the Pama-Nyungan family. It is spoken along the coast of northwestern Australia.
Name
The name has many spelling variants, including:
- Garadjari (used by A Grammar of Garadjari)
- Garadjiri
- Garadyari
- Garadyaria
- Gard'are
- Karadjeri (used by Ethnologue)
- Karajarri (used by the Handbook of Western Australian Aboriginal languages and is the spelling selected by the Karajarri people for their native title claims{{Cite web |url=http://www.nntt.gov.au/Applications-And-Determinations/Search-Determinations/Pages/Karajarri_People_Area_A_WC002.aspx |title=Native title determination summary - Karajarri People (Area A) - Search determinations - National Native Title Tribunal |access-date=15 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026100223/http://www.nntt.gov.au/Applications-And-Determinations/Search-Determinations/Pages/Karajarri_People_Area_A_WC002.aspx |archive-date=26 October 2009 |url-status=dead }}{{Cite web |url=http://www.nntt.gov.au/Applications-And-Determinations/Search-Determinations/Pages/Karajarri_People_Area_B_WC002.aspx |title=Native title determination summary - Karajarri People (Area B) - Search determinations - National Native Title Tribunal |access-date=15 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015061452/http://www.nntt.gov.au/Applications-And-Determinations/Search-Determinations/Pages/Karajarri_People_Area_B_WC002.aspx |archive-date=15 October 2009 |url-status=dead }})
- Karatjarri (used by Australian Languages)
- Karatyarri
- Karrajarra
- Karrajarri
Kurajarra / Guradjara is sometimes confused with Garadjari, but it appears to have been a separate language.
Phoneme inventory
Garadjari's phoneme inventory is typical of Australian languages, and is identical to the inventories of the other Marrngu languages. There are 17 consonant phonemes.
| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! rowspan="2" | ! colspan="2" |Peripheral ! colspan="2" |Apical !Laminal |
| Bilabial |
|---|
| Obstruents
| {{IPAlink|p}} | {{IPAlink|k}} | {{IPAlink|t}} | {{IPAlink|ʈ}} | {{IPAlink|ɟ}} |
| Nasals
| {{IPAlink|m}} | {{IPAlink|ŋ}} | {{IPAlink|n}} | {{IPAlink|ɳ}} | {{IPAlink|ɲ}} |
| Laterals
| | | {{IPAlink|l}} | {{IPAlink|ɭ}} | {{IPAlink|ʎ}} |
| Rhotics
| | | {{IPAlink|ɾ}} | {{IPAlink|ɻ}} | |
| Approximants
| colspan="2" | {{IPAlink|w}} | | | {{IPAlink|j}} |
Also typical of Australian languages, there are only three vowel phonemes.
| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! !Back |
| High
| {{IPAlink|i}} | {{IPAlink|u}} |
|---|
| Low
| colspan="2" | {{IPAlink|a}} |
References
- {{cite book|last=Dixon |first=R. M. W. | author-link=R. M. W. Dixon |title=Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2002|isbn=0521473780 |url=http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521473780}}
- {{Cite book |last=Johnson |first=Edward |title=Karajarri sketch grammar |publisher=University of Sydney |year=1992}}
- {{cite book|last=Sands |first=Anna Kristina |title=A Grammar of Garadjari, Western Australia |year=1989 |url=http://coombs.anu.edu.au/coombspapers/otherarchives/aboriginal-studies-archives/linguistics-research/thesis-by-sands/}}
- {{cite book|last=Thieberger |first=Nicholas |title=Handbook of Western Australian Aboriginal languages South of the Kimberley Region|url=http://www1.aiatsis.gov.au/aseda/WWWVLPages/AborigPages/LANG/WA/contents.htm |year=1993 |publisher=Pacific Linguistics}}