Garip
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
For people with the surname, see Garip (surname).
Garip movement, Garipçiler or First New Movement;{{cite journal |last=Durmuş |first=Mitat |date=December 2009 |title=Problematization of Tradition in the Context of Garip Poetry |url=https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/325058 |url-status=live |journal=Yeni Türk Edebiyatı Araştırmaları |page=1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525133513/https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/325058 |archive-date=25 May 2024 |access-date=25 May 2024}} is a literary movement founded by Orhan Veli Kanık, Oktay Rifat, and Melih Cevdet Anday that rejects the established understanding in Turkish poetry and emphasizes the beauty of expression.
History
= Emergence =
Orhan Veli Kanık, Oktay Rifat, and Melih Cevdet Anday, who were educated at Ankara Atatürk High School, returned to Ankara after completing their higher education in 1936, marking the trio's return to literature. The translations of Raymond Radiguet's Butterfly poem and Orhan Veli's Saksılar poem in the 101st issue of Varlık magazine, which they started publishing in 1936, are considered the first examples of this genre.{{cite book|title=Republican Period Turkish Literature|date=2021|page=97|location=Ankara|publisher=İlbilge Publishing|edition=1st|isbn=978-605-74157-0-7|editor1-first=Nurullah|editor2-first=Fatih|editor3-first=Cengiz|editor1-last=Çetin|editor2-last=Sakallı|editor3-last=Karataş}}
= Periods of Garip Poetry =
| class="wikitable"
|+ !Period !Years !Note |
| I. Period
|1937–1941 |This period lasted from the first poems published in Varlık magazine until the publication of the Garip. |
| II. Period
|1941–1945 |This period lasted until 1945, when the three leading poets returned to literature after their military service. |
| III. Period
|1945–1949 |This period saw the three poets working independently. |
| IV. Period
|1949–1950 |This period continued as long as the Yaprak magazine. |
== I. Period ==
The period in which the first examples were given with the Butterfly and Saksılar poems in 1937. During this period, there was no consensus on the principles of the movement.{{cite book |title=Republican Period Turkish Literature |date=2021 |publisher=İlbilge Publishing |isbn=978-605-74157-0-7 |editor1-last=Çetin |editor1-first=Nurullah |edition=1st |location=Ankara |page=98 |editor2-last=Sakallı |editor2-first=Fatih |editor3-last=Karataş |editor3-first=Cengiz}}
== Garip ==
It is the first poetry book published by the three poets on Orhan Veli's recommendation. The preface of the book expresses their common views on poetry and outlines the principles of the Garip movement for the first time. According to them, embellishing, concretizing, or abstracting the expression harms the meaning.{{cite journal |last=Şahan |first=Kayhan |date=September 2018 |title=Metaphors and Orhan Veli's Poetry |url=https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1002181 |url-status=live |journal=International Journal of Turkish Literature Culture Education |volume=7 |issue=3 |page=1823 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525133516/https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1002181 |archive-date=25 May 2024 |access-date=25 May 2024}}
The preface of the book differs between the first and second editions, showing Orhan Veli Kanık's changes in opinion.
| class="wikitable"
|+ !Author !Number of Poems |
| Melih Cevdet
|16 |
| Oktay Rıfat
|21 |
| Orhan Veli
|24 |
| Toplam
|61 |
Some of the 61 poems published in the book were previously published in periodicals such as Varlık magazine.
== II. Period ==
=== III. Period ===
== IV. Period ==
This period revolves around the Yaprak magazine, in which the three writers were on the editorial board. This period ended a few months after the publication of the 28th issue of the magazine when Orhan Veli died.{{cite journal |last=Gökalp |first=Gonca |date=July 1993 |title=Republican Period Turkish Poetry and Behçet Necatigil |url=https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/607056 |url-status=live |journal=Hacettepe University Journal of the Faculty of Literature |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=354–355 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220805033016/https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/607056 |archive-date=5 August 2022 |access-date=25 May 2024}}
== After the Garip Movement ==
The Mavi magazine, around which writers opposing the syllabic meter gathered, was started by Teoman Civelek, Ülkü Arman, Güner Sümer, and Bekir Çiftçi in 1952. Later, Attila İlhan, Ahmet Oktay, and Yılmaz Gruda also published their works in this magazine. These writers later adopted a movement known as Mavi movement. The Mavi movement paved the way for the Second New Movement movement.{{cite journal |last=Gökalp |first=Gonca |date=July 1993 |title=Republican Period Turkish Poetry and Behçet Necatigil |url=https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/607056 |url-status=live |journal=Hacettepe University Journal of the Faculty of Literature |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=356 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220805033016/https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/607056 |archive-date=5 August 2022 |access-date=25 May 2024}}
Form
In the Garip foreword, the following views are mentioned:{{Cite journal |last=Geçgel |first=Hulusi |date=June 2024 |title=Hayal Kültür Sanat Edebiyat Dergisi |url=https://turkoloji.cu.edu.tr/YENI%20TURK%20EDEBIYATI/hulusi_gecgel_imgeler_sanat_siir.pdf |journal=Hayal Yayıncılık |issue=21 |page=2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510215648/https://turkoloji.cu.edu.tr/YENI%20TURK%20EDEBIYATI/hulusi_gecgel_imgeler_sanat_siir.pdf |archive-date=10 May 2024 |access-date=24 May 2024}}
- The interaction between different art forms should be opposed.
- Harmony in poetry can be achieved without rhythm and rhyme.
- All kinds of meaning and figures of speech should be abandoned in poetry.
Works were created in a manner that emphasized meaning, in reaction to syllabic meter poets, Nazım Hikmet's socialist realist political poetry, and Ahmet Haşim's pure poetry approach. They rejected the notion of poeticism.{{Cite book |editor1=Turan GÖKÇE |editor2=Ayşe Güher GÜLAÇAR |date=2022 |chapter=Tek Parti Dönemi Edebi Akım, Grup ve Topluluklarına İzmirli Edebiyatçıların Katkıları |chapter-url=https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/96657184/cakabeyden_gunumuze-libre.pdf?1672602274=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DIZMIR_IN_ISGALI_SONRASI_YUNAN_KARA_PROPA.pdf&Expires=1716645378&Signature=IO8MVCG45cXRyMPi-heNxGNd98UYtSDsUzNIgpTLXowL63u0CMKQJiUd0Mwi9JdDMHfc5YQvR9AuGY6ix3gtmm3xuBu31ozhQF1Q3SgOeVQHWo2Zu4aI-N2RctTsfYhIwlzveIuMlsfTBY5F4gE0WD5kqpeFqk3fV3dWwcl1eui~-ba4q-ccqEIzFlDv2lvvCS1cDzBtsMcspLarTSXsb0JpwOILVALPUgpY8OknkGLttJEFasW0XxWrjBtigrUKmGS7odHzWdxv6G0sSSNAtauRwB79sCzHsbJPXpAOZy9RObKaPSkTsjkdEZ~SrEU5B13oEe23NkJVg8~i9XhcIw__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA#page=123 |title=ŞEHİR KÜLTÜR MEDENİYET: ÇAKA BEY'DEN GÜNÜMÜZE İZMİR |publisher=İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi |volume=4 |page=1843 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525133512/https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/96657184/cakabeyden_gunumuze-libre.pdf?1672602274=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DIZMIR_IN_ISGALI_SONRASI_YUNAN_KARA_PROPA.pdf&Expires=1716645378&Signature=IO8MVCG45cXRyMPi-heNxGNd98UYtSDsUzNIgpTLXowL63u0CMKQJiUd0Mwi9JdDMHfc5YQvR9AuGY6ix3gtmm3xuBu31ozhQF1Q3SgOeVQHWo2Zu4aI-N2RctTsfYhIwlzveIuMlsfTBY5F4gE0WD5kqpeFqk3fV3dWwcl1eui~-ba4q-ccqEIzFlDv2lvvCS1cDzBtsMcspLarTSXsb0JpwOILVALPUgpY8OknkGLttJEFasW0XxWrjBtigrUKmGS7odHzWdxv6G0sSSNAtauRwB79sCzHsbJPXpAOZy9RObKaPSkTsjkdEZ~SrEU5B13oEe23NkJVg8~i9XhcIw__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA#page=123 |archive-date=25 May 2024 |access-date=25 May 2024}}
It is claimed that the movement shares many similarities with Japanese haiku poetry and that Orhan Veli encountered Eastern poetry, particularly Japanese haiku, while translating Kikaku's poems from French to Turkish.{{Cite journal |last=Tekmen |first=Ayşe Nur |date=2010 |title=Japon şiiri haiku ve Türk Edebiyatındaki Yansıması |url=https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53684030/ayse_nur_tekmen_haiku-libre.pdf?1498609060=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DJAPON_SIIRI_HAIKU_VE_TURK_EDEBIYATINDAKI.pdf&Expires=1716645868&Signature=Omy9MHvYEaE2ounO2fsZu2P9HOv7aGGNq2Lg6uXJtCH15dgQO0y~C~dGLQCWttt9WH3KhAhIMtKpHD09Hf2OyXZ6izm4Hwri~BOyJ0yUxF-IjWU3hm5fjEf-6i-wzkGSmHYu33sLBywcPdf8O6oyYAH~p~6i-bN~yXhealPMb3dITDDo~LN3O8OvJ-z6m1s6qfl1QJxuk6XeFC1Vf~enmL89mV8PFBCL2DlXmJ291ZPKJmzLwU7TNEbTlN76tGD7Xgjkyzj8qnT2DHsv7PbU6~RkLMNlwMK~o-CIahN9zNmiebT0JIadL0JeQItUyFunC34tdqZ1S5EzHeoLlkzCPg__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA |journal=Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Türkoloji Dergisi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525133512/https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/53684030/ayse_nur_tekmen_haiku-libre.pdf?1498609060=&response-content-disposition=inline%3B+filename%3DJAPON_SIIRI_HAIKU_VE_TURK_EDEBIYATINDAKI.pdf&Expires=1716645868&Signature=Omy9MHvYEaE2ounO2fsZu2P9HOv7aGGNq2Lg6uXJtCH15dgQO0y~C~dGLQCWttt9WH3KhAhIMtKpHD09Hf2OyXZ6izm4Hwri~BOyJ0yUxF-IjWU3hm5fjEf-6i-wzkGSmHYu33sLBywcPdf8O6oyYAH~p~6i-bN~yXhealPMb3dITDDo~LN3O8OvJ-z6m1s6qfl1QJxuk6XeFC1Vf~enmL89mV8PFBCL2DlXmJ291ZPKJmzLwU7TNEbTlN76tGD7Xgjkyzj8qnT2DHsv7PbU6~RkLMNlwMK~o-CIahN9zNmiebT0JIadL0JeQItUyFunC34tdqZ1S5EzHeoLlkzCPg__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA |archive-date=25 May 2024 |access-date=25 May 2024}}
The Garipçiler are the only group in Turkish literature to adopt the dadaism movement.{{Cite journal |last=Bakır |first=Sinan |date=2021-01-01 |title=Garip Ve İkinci Yeni Şiirinin Kaynakları |url=https://doi.org/10.25068/dedekorkut423 |journal=DEDE KORKUT Uluslararasi Turk Dili ve Edebiyati Arastirmalari Dergisi |volume=10 |issue=25 |page=8 |doi=10.25068/dedekorkut423 |issn=2147-5490|url-access=subscription }}