Garm (magazine)
{{Short description|Swedish language political and satirical magazine published in Finland (1923–1953)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox magazine
| title = Garm
| image_file =
| image_size = 150
| image_caption = Cover of Garm (October 1944) produced by Tove Jansson lampooning Adolf Hitler as "self-important and comic"
| editor =
| editor_title =
| frequency = Monthly
| founder = Henry Rein
| circulation =
| category = {{ubl|Satirical magazine | Political magazine}}
| company =
| publisher =
| founded = 1923
| firstdate =
| finaldate = 1953
| country = Finland
| based = Helsinki
| language = Swedish
| issn =
| oclc = }}
Garm was a monthly political and satirical magazine published in Helsinki, Finland. The magazine existed for thirty years from 1923 to 1953. The title of the magazine is a reference to a character in the Norse mythology, a monstrous hound which defended the entrance to Helheim, the Norse realm of the dead.{{cite journal|author=Ant O’Neill|title=Moominvalley Fossils: Translating the Early Comics of Tove Jansson|journal=Bookbird: A Journal of International Children's Literature|year=2017|volume=55|doi=10.1353/bkb.2017.0023|page=52
|issue=2|s2cid=151535137|issn=0006-7377}}
History and profile
Garm was established in 1923 as a successor of Kerberos which was also a satirical magazine published in Finland.{{cite thesis|author=Anni Kangas|title=The Knight, the Beast and the Treasure: a semeiotic inquiry into the Finnish political imaginary on Russia, 1918-1930s|hdl=10024/67797|url=https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/10024/67797|location=University of Tampere|pages=62,64
|degree=PhD|year=2007|isbn=978-951-44-7157-5}}{{cite web|title=Tove Jansson's work at satire magazine Garm|publisher=Moomin
|url=https://www.moomin.com/en/blog/tove-janssons-work-at-satire-magazine-garm/#918e7930|access-date=12 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504105241/https://www.moomin.com/en/blog/tove-janssons-work-at-satire-magazine-garm/|archive-date=4 May 2021|date=10 March 2014}} The founder was Henry Rein. The magazine was published in Helsinki on a monthly basis.{{cite news|author=Kikka Rytkönen|title=Black Moomins|url=https://antimilitaristi.fi/artikkeli/mustat-muumit|access-date=12 September 2021
|work=Antimilitaristi|language=fi}}{{cite journal|author=Tapio Markkanen|title=Echoes of Cosmic Events and Global Politics in Moominvalley: Cosmic and Astronomical Sources of Incitement in Tove Jansson's Comet in Moominland|journal=Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum|date=Spring 2016|volume=4|issue=1|pages=41–69|doi=10.11590/abhps.2016.1.02|hdl=10138/233362|hdl-access=free}} It had a conservative political stance like its predecessor. However, unlike Kerberos Garm opposed both the nationalism in the form of true Finnishness and the extreme leftist politics. In addition, although Garm supported the Swedish language and culture in Finland, it did not call for the cooperation with Sweden. The magazine mocked both Communism and Nazism during World War II.
Garm's readers were mostly politicians, celebrities, and other leading figures. Tito Colliander and Jarl Hemmer were among the Garm contributors. One of the most significant contributors of Garm was Tove Jansson who started her career in the magazine as a cartoonist in 1929 when she was just fifteen.{{cite book|author=Elina Druker|editor=Leif Dahlberg
|title=Visualizing Law and Authority. Essays on Legal Aesthetics|year=2012|publisher=De Gruyter|location=Berlin; Boston|isbn=978-3-1102-8537-6
|page=118|chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110285444.114|doi=10.1515/9783110285444.114|chapter=Mapping absence. Maps as meta-artistic discourse in literature}} Tove Jansson's mother, Signe Hammarsten-Jansson, also worked at the magazine from its start in 1923. Over time the former became the magazine's chief illustrator.{{cite journal|author=Hallie Wells|title=Between discretion and disclosure: Queer (e)labor(ations) in the work of Tove Jansson and Audre Lorde|journal=Journal of Lesbian Studies|year=2019
|volume=23|issue=2|page=233|doi=10.1080/10894160.2019.1520550|pmid=30632943|s2cid=58627968}} Some characters in her Moomin cartoon strips first appeared in the magazine. Jansson's political cartoons ridiculing Adolf Hitler and Josef Stalin published in Garm were censored by the Finnish authorities. Garm folded in 1953 when its founder Henry Rein died.
References
{{Reflist}}
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Category:1923 establishments in Finland
Category:1953 disestablishments in Finland
Category:Censorship in Finland
Category:Conservatism in Finland
Category:Defunct conservative magazines
Category:Defunct cultural magazines
Category:Defunct political magazines published in Finland
Category:Finnish political satire
Category:Magazines established in 1923
Category:Magazines disestablished in 1953
Category:Defunct magazines published in Helsinki
Category:Monthly magazines published in Finland
Category:Satirical magazines published in Finland