Gary Condit#Dominick Dunne slander suit

{{short description|American politician (born 1948)}}

{{use mdy dates|date=May 2020}}

{{Infobox officeholder

|name = Gary Condit

|image = GaryCondit.jpg

|caption = Official portrait, {{circa}} 2002

|state = California

|term_start = September 12, 1989

|term_end = January 3, 2003

|predecessor = Tony Coelho

|successor = Dennis Cardoza

|constituency = {{ushr|CA|15|15th district}} (1989–1993)
{{ushr|CA|18|18th district}} (1993–2003)

|state_assembly1 = California

|district1 = 27th

|term_start1 = December 6, 1982

|term_end1 = September 20, 1989

|predecessor1 = John E. Thurman

|successor1 = Sal Cannella

|birth_name = Gary Adrian Condit

|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1948|4|21}}

|birth_place = Salina, Oklahoma, U.S.

|death_date =

|death_place =

|party = Democratic

|spouse = Carolyn Berry

|children = 2

|education = Modesto Junior College (AA)
California State University, Stanislaus (BA)

}}

Gary Adrian Condit (born April 21, 1948) is an American former politician who represented California's 18th congressional district in the House of Representatives from 1989 to 2003. He gained significant national attention after the May 2001 disappearance of Chandra Levy, an intern with the Federal Bureau of Prisons. Condit and Levy were having an affair, and she was subsequently found to have been murdered.

Early life

Gary Condit was born in Salina, Oklahoma, on April 21, 1948,{{cite book |last=United States Congress |date=2005 |title=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-2005 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v9MBIctdjjkC&pg=PA860 |location=Washington, DC |publisher=US Government Printing Office |pages=860–861 |isbn=978-0-16-073176-1 |ref={{sfnRef|Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-2005}}}} the son of Velma Jean (Tidwell) Condit (1929–2017) and Adrian Burl Condit (1927–2021), a Baptist minister.{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/CNN/Programs/people/shows/condit/profile.html|title=CNN Programs – People in the News|work=CNN}}{{cite web|url=http://www.condit-family.com/ps60/ps60_210.html |title=Gary Adrian Condit (Private, Male)|publisher=condit-family.com}}{{cite news |last1=Arax |first1=Mark |last2=Braun |first2=Stephen |date=July 16, 2001 |title=Condit: From Success to Scandal |url=https://articles.latimes.com/2001/jul/16/news/mn-22909/3 |work=Los Angeles Times |location=Los Angeles, CA |access-date=November 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151214000731/http://articles.latimes.com/2001/jul/16/news/mn-22909/3 |archive-date=December 14, 2015 |url-status=dead }} He was raised and educated in Oklahoma, and graduated from Tulsa's Nathan Hale High School. During the summers of his high school years, Condit worked as a roustabout in Oklahoma's oil fields. In 1967, at age 18, he married his high school sweetheart Carolyn Berry. An investigation by journalists in 2001 revealed that Condit provided the wrong birth date for his marriage license. At the time, Oklahoma required males under age 21 to have parental consent to marry; by claiming to have been born in 1942 rather than 1948, Condit appeared to be older than 18.

In 1967, Condit's father became pastor of a Baptist church in Ceres, California, near Modesto, causing his family to relocate there. Condit began attendance at Modesto Junior College and received an Associate of Arts degree in 1970.{{sfn|Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-2005|pages=860-861}} In 1972, he received a B.A. degree from California State University, Stanislaus.{{sfn|Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774-2005|pages=860-861}} While attending college and at the start of his career, Condit worked at a variety of jobs, including one at a tomato cannery, one at a factory that made munitions during the Vietnam War,{{cite news |last=McHale |first=Terence |date=Winter 2008 |title=Gary Condit: From All Angles |url=http://www.californiaconversations.com/index.php/politics/fullarticle/gary_condit_from_all_angles/ |work=California Conversations |location=Sacramento, CA}} and in the paint department of a Montgomery Ward department store.

Political career

Condit began his career on the Ceres city council from 1972 to 1976—the last two years as mayor. He became the youngest mayor in the city's history at the age of 25. Condit served on the Stanislaus County Board of Supervisors from 1976 to 1982, and was elected to the California State Assembly in 1982.

= California State Assembly =

In 1988, Condit was a member of the "Gang of Five"{{snd}}with Charles M. Calderon of Whittier, Gerald R. Eaves of Rialto, Rusty Areias of Los Banos and Steve Peace of Chula Vista[http://www.aliciapatterson.org/APF1602/Richardson/Richardson.html "Willie Brown: The Members' Speaker"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607150851/http://www.aliciapatterson.org/APF1602/Richardson/Richardson.html |date=June 7, 2007 }} by James D. Richardson, 1994. APF Reporter Vol. 16 No. 2. Accessed December 19, 2006.{{snd}}that failed to unseat Willie Brown as Speaker of the State Assembly by making a deal with Republicans. Peace co-wrote and produced the 1988 film Return of the Killer Tomatoes, in which Condit appeared in an uncredited non-speaking cameo during a fight sequence.[http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/condit1.html "Archive: Condit 1"] Undated, 2001. The Smoking Gun archives. Accessed December 19, 2006.{{cite web |title=Gary Condit Resignation letter |url=https://clerk.assembly.ca.gov/sites/clerk.assembly.ca.gov/files/archive/DailyJournal/1989/Volumes/8990vol1_6.pdf#page=5229 |website=clerk.assembly.ca.gov}}

= U.S. House of Representatives =

Condit was elected to Congress in 1989 in a special election after the resignation of House Democratic Whip Tony Coelho. He was elected to a full term in 1990, and reelected five more times without serious difficulty (Condit had no Republican challenger during the general elections of 1992 and 1998). His most important committee assignment was as a senior member on the House Intelligence Committee in the months and years prior to the September 11 attacks. Like most Democrats from the Central Valley, Condit was somewhat more conservative than other Democrats from California. Being a Blue Dog Democrat, Condit voted against President Bill Clinton more frequently than other members of his party in the chamber.[http://archive.salon.com/politics/feature/2001/07/14/sacramento/index.html "Stunned in Sacramento"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060318222326/http://archive.salon.com/politics/feature/2001/07/14/sacramento/index.html |date=2006-03-18 }} by Anthony York, July 14, 2001. Salon Magazine (online). Accessed December 19, 2006. Condit took several populist progressive positions such as opposing NAFTA despite intense lobbying from his own district's wine industry and President Clinton himself, voted against the landmark repeal of Glass-Steagall protections,{{cite web|url=https://clerk.house.gov/evs/1999/roll276.xml|title=Final Vote Results for Roll Call 276|date=July 1, 1999}} and against the Iraq War and intervention in Kosovo.{{cite news |title=2 House Votes Point to Lack of Support for Balkan Action |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-apr-29-mn-32235-story.html |work=Los Angeles Times |date=April 29, 1999}} In the aftermath of Kosovo, Condit was a persistent force in compelling the prosecution of Slobodan Miloševic.{{Cite web|url=https://garycondit.org/#about-gary|title=Congressman Gary Condit - Official Homepage|website=garycondit.org}}{{better source needed |date=August 2020 |reason=should be able to source this from a site unaffiliated with the article subject}}

In 1998, during the Monica Lewinsky scandal, Condit publicly demanded that Clinton "come clean" on his relationship with the young woman; a video of this demand was aired almost daily during Condit's own scandal involving a relationship with Bureau of Prisons intern Chandra Levy.[https://jewishjournal.com/news/nation/4600/ "Chandra Levy's Jewish Angle"] by James D. Besser, July 20, 2001. Jewish Journal. Accessed December 18, 2006. Following the September 11, 2001 attacks, interest in the Levy case declined.[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/metro/specials/chandra/ch10_1.html "Who Killed Chandra Levy?"] Washington Post. July 23, 2008. Accessed Aug. 2008. Condit kept his seat on the Intelligence Committee, retained his security clearance, and was one of a small number of members of Congress who were cleared to see the most sensitive information on the 9/11 attacks. On December 7, 2001, Condit announced he would run for re-election. He lost the Democratic primary election in March 2002 to his former aide, then-Assemblyman Dennis Cardoza, and left Congress at the end of his term in January 2003.{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/06/us/condit-loses-house-race-to-former-aide.html | title=Condit Loses House Race to Former Aide| newspaper=The New York Times| date=March 6, 2002| last1=Nieves| first1=Evelyn}} Condit's most notable vote in his last months in office was the resolution to expel Congressman James Traficant after his conviction on corruption charges. In the 420–1 vote on July 24, 2002, Condit was the sole "nay".{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/08/11/weekinreview/roll-call-standouts-or-bumps-on-the-congressional-log.html | work=The New York Times | first=John D. | last=Thomas | title=Roll Call Standouts, or Bumps on the Congressional Log | date=August 11, 2002}}

=Levy scandal=

File:JimWiederReporting.jpg

In 2001, Condit became the subject of national news coverage after the disappearance of Chandra Levy, a young woman working as a Washington, D.C., intern, originally from Condit's district. Police questioned Condit twice, and both times he denied having an extramarital affair with her; however, Levy's aunt eventually went public with conversations she had with her about their relationship. Police questioned Condit a third time, and he confessed to the affair.[http://www.cnn.com/CNN/Programs/people/shows/condit/profile.html "Gary Condit Profile: Levy case opens door on secret life"] Undated article published in July 2001. CNN News. Accessed December 19, 2006.[http://archives.cnn.com/2001/US/07/07/condit.missing.intern/ "Police sources: Condit admits to affair with Levy"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211073456/http://archives.cnn.com/2001/US/07/07/condit.missing.intern/ |date=2008-12-11 }} July 7, 2001. CNN News. Accessed December 19, 2006. When the affair began, Condit was 53 and Levy was 23. While Condit was not named as an official suspect in the disappearance, Levy's family suspected that he was withholding important information. His reputation suffered from the contrast between his "pro-family" politics, his adultery with a woman younger than his daughter, and his attempts to mislead the police regarding his affair. In July, two months after Levy vanished, Condit agreed to let investigators search his apartment; hours before the search, police said he was spotted throwing a gift box he had received from another woman into a dumpster in a Washington suburb. This followed news reports that Condit had had an affair with a flight attendant.{{cite news|url= https://www.foxnews.com/story/transcript-of-fox-news-interview-with-anne-marie-smith|title= Transcript of Fox News' Interview With Anne Marie Smith|date= July 11, 2001|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20010912191721/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,29355,00.html|archive-date= September 12, 2001|publisher= Fox News|url-status= live|access-date= December 19, 2006}}

Levy's remains were not found during the extensive search that followed her disappearance, and were discovered accidentally May 22, 2002, in a secluded area of Rock Creek Park in Washington, D.C., and the death was declared a homicide. In late 2002, Condit sued writer Dominick Dunne of Vanity Fair for $11 million, claiming that Dunne defamed him by suggesting he ordered Levy killed in 2001. Condit's attorney said that the libel lawsuit was based on comments Dunne repeated on national radio and television programs in December 2001, where he suggested Condit frequented Middle Eastern embassies for sexual activity with prostitutes and that, during those times, he made it clear that he wanted someone to get rid of Levy. Condit's attorney said that Dunne's comments "conveyed that Gary Condit was involved in her kidnapping and in her murder, that friends of Gary Condit had her kidnapped, put in an airplane and dropped in the Atlantic Ocean." Dunne paid an undisclosed amount to settle that lawsuit in March 2005.{{cite news |url=http://www.scrippsnews.com/node/23618 |title=Condit elusive, persistent in federal court battles |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009213948/http://www.scrippsnews.com/node/23618 |archive-date=2007-10-09 |work=Scripps |date=4 June 2007 }} Dunne said he had been "completely hoodwinked" by an unreliable informant. Subsequently, Condit sued Dunne again, charging him with "revivifying" the slander in an appearance on CNN's Larry King Live in November 2005. In July 2008 a federal judge dismissed the second lawsuit filed against Dunne.{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/CRIME/07/08/condit.dunne.ap/index.html |title=Condit's slander suit against writer dismissed |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080712014514/http://www.cnn.com/2008/CRIME/07/08/condit.dunne.ap/index.html |archive-date=2008-07-12 |work=CNN |date=8 July 2008 |access-date=8 July 2008 }}

In July 2006, Condit sued the Sonoran News, a free weekly newspaper, for defamation of character after the publication wrote "that Condit was the 'main focus in the Chandra Levy case in 2001, after lying to investigators about his affair with Levy.{{' "}}Doyle, Michael. [http://www.modbee.com/local/story/12498935p-13215088c.html "Condit: Plaintiff and defendant"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704114110/http://www.modbee.com/local/story/12498935p-13215088c.html |date=2007-07-04 }}, Modesto Bee, 26 July 2006. Accessed 19 December 2006. The case was dismissed in July 2007 when the judge ruled that Condit had not proved the statement was false, or that the paper had published it with malice. Years later, Condit publicly denied ever having an affair with Chandra Levy.{{cite news | work = ABC News| date = October 25, 2016 | title = Former Rep. Gary Condit Breaks Silence 15 Years After Chandra Levy Murder Scandal | first1 = David |last1= Wright | first2 = Katie|last2= Kindelan | first3 = Kelly |last3=McCarthy | url = https://abcnews.go.com/US/rep-gary-condit-breaks-silence-15-years-chandra/story?id=43034319}} Police continued the murder investigation, and in March 2009, a warrant was issued for the arrest of Ingmar Guandique, an undocumented immigrant from El Salvador who had already been convicted and imprisoned for two other attacks on women in Rock Creek Park. He was subsequently indicted for Levy's murder.{{cite news|last=Alexander|first=Keith L.|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/11/22/AR2010112203633.html|title=Suspect Pleads Not Guilty; Defense Decries Trial Date|newspaper=The Washington Post|page=B8|date=May 28, 2009|access-date=November 22, 2010}}{{cite book|last=Higham|first=Scott|author2=Horwitz, Sari|title=Finding Chandra: A True Washington Murder Mystery|url=https://archive.org/details/findingchandratr00high|isbn=978-1-4391-3867-0|oclc=430842090|publisher=Scribner|year=2010|location=New York City|url-access=registration}} On November 22, 2010, Guandique was found guilty of first-degree murder,{{cite news|last=Alexander|first=Keith L.|author2=Cauvin, Henri E.|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/11/22/AR2010112203633.html| title=Ingmar Guandique convicted of first-degree murder of former intern Chandra Levy|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=November 22, 2010|access-date=November 22, 2010}} and was sentenced in February 2011 to 60 years in prison.[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-12435117 "BBC News: Chandra Levy: Guandique gets 60 years for 2001 murder"] BBC News US & Canada, February 11, 2011 Condit's lawyer Bert Fields said, "It's a complete vindication but that comes a little late. Who gives him his career back?"{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2010-11-22-chandra-levy-verdict_N.htm|title=Jury convicts Guandique of murdering Chandra Levy|newspaper=USA Today|date=November 22, 2010|access-date=November 22, 2010|first1=Oren|last1=Dorell}} On June 4, 2015, D.C. Superior Court Judge Gerald Fisher granted a motion for the retrial of Guandique after it was revealed that the sole witness against him, a jailhouse informant named Armando Morales, had lied about prior jailhouse testimony.[http://www.foxnews.com/us/2015/06/04/judge-grants-new-trial-in-death-intern-chandra-levy/ "Judge grants new trial in death of intern Chandra Levy"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604160543/http://www.foxnews.com/us/2015/06/04/judge-grants-new-trial-in-death-intern-chandra-levy/ |date=2015-06-04 }} Fox News Channel from Associated Press: June 4, 2015. Accessed June 4, 2015 Prosecutors dropped all charges against Guandique on July 28, 2016, after an associate of Morales came forward with secret recordings in which he admitted to falsifying testimony about the murder of Levy.{{cite news|title=Secret recordings emerged and the Chandra Levy case rapidly unraveled|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/2016/07/29/7bccd898-55a9-11e6-bbf5-957ad17b4385_story.html|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=30 July 2016}}{{cite news|last1=PÉREZ-PEÑA|first1=RICHARD|title=Charges Dropped Against Man Accused of Killing Chandra Levy|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/29/us/charges-dropped-against-man-accused-of-killing-chandra-levy.html |newspaper=The New York Times|date=July 28, 2016|access-date=28 July 2016}} Levy's death therefore remains unsolved.

Business career

After his departure from office, Condit moved to Arizona and operated two Baskin-Robbins ice cream stores with his wife and son.{{cite news |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/down-and-out-ex-d-c-figures-find-second-life-on-talk-radio |title=Down-and-Out Ex-D.C. Figures Find Second Life on Talk Radio |work=Fox News|date=September 21, 2009|access-date=November 29, 2010}} When the franchise failed, Condit was ordered to pay the company $98,000 in a breach of contract proceeding.{{cite news |first=Michael |last=Doyle |url=http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2009/01/05/58959/baskin-robbins-found-it-hard-to.html |title=Baskin-Robbins found it hard to get scoop on Gary Condit |work=McClatchy |access-date=2012-08-17 |date=2009-01-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100314213829/http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2009/01/05/58959/baskin-robbins-found-it-hard-to.html |archive-date=March 14, 2010}}{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/in-the-loop/post/gary-condit-scandal-scarred-returns-to-campaign-trail-catching-up-with-/2012/05/07/gIQAnbLd8T_blog.html |title=Gary Condit, scandal-scarred, returns to campaign trail (Catching up with ...) |first=Emily |last=Heil |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=2012-05-07}} In 2012, he was reported to be serving as president of the Phoenix Institute of Desert Agriculture,{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/remember-gary-condit-hes-back-in-politics/2012/05/07/gIQAr7l68T_story.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |first=Al |last=Kamen |title=Remember Gary Condit? He's back in politics |date=May 9, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517094413/http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2012-05-07/politics/35457344_1_gary-condit-chad-condit-cameron-munter |archive-date=May 17, 2013 }} which listed its status as "Dissolved" in the last corporate filing as of June 4, 2015.{{Cite web |url=https://www.californiaexplore.com/company/03402192/phoenix-institute-of-desert-agriculture |title=Phoenix Institute Of Desert Agriculture |website=California Explore}} Condit later returned to California, where he became a registered lobbyist with the J. Blonien law firm of Sacramento.{{cite web |url=https://prd.cdn.sos.ca.gov/Lobbying_Directory.pdf#page=81 |title=The Lobbying Directory, 2023-2024 |last=Weber |first=Shirley N. |author-link=Shirley Weber |date=August 2023 |website=sos.ca.gov |publisher=California Secretary of State |location=Sacramento, CA |access-date=December 1, 2023 |page=81}}

Family

=Involvement in local politics=

In 2012, Condit's son, Chad, announced his intention to run for the House of Representatives as an independent in California's redrawn 10th congressional district. He lost in the top-two election against incumbent Republican Jeff Denham and Democratic challenger José M. Hernández.{{cite news |first=Jean |last=Merl |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/blogs/politi-cal/story/2012-06-05/denham-and-hernandez-win-in-central-valley-congressional-race |title=Denham and Hernandez win in Central Valley congressional race |work=Los Angeles Times |date=2012-06-05 |access-date=2012-08-17}} In 2022, Chad ran for the State Assembly to represent the 22nd Assembly district. Chad finished in 3rd place in the jungle primary and did not advance to the general election.{{cite web |title=Primary Election - Statement of the Vote, June 7, 2022 |url=https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/sov/2022-primary/sov/104-state-assemblymember.pdf|website=California Secretary of State |access-date=July 16, 2022}} After his loss, Chad worked on Marie Alvarado-Gil's campaign for State Senate, and became her chief of staff after she won her election. In December 2023, he was fired from his position, and later sued Alvarado-Gil alleging sexual harassment.{{cite news|title=Condit files explosive accusations against former boss, state Senator Alvarado-Gil|url=https://www.cerescourier.com/news/local/condit-files-explosive-accusations-against-former-boss-state-senator-alvarado-gil/|date=September 11, 2024|publisher=Ceres Courier|first=Jeff |last=Benziger}}

Condit's daughter, Cadee Condit Gray, is married to Congressman Adam Gray representing California's 13th congressional district since 2025. Gray also served as a California State Assembly member representing the 21st district (2012–2022).{{Cite web |date=2021-06-15 |title=Where Is Adam Gray's Wife And Gary Condit's Daughter Cadee Condit Gray Now? |url=https://ecelebritymirror.com/entertainment/adam-gray-wife-gary-condit-daughter-cadee-condit-gray/ |access-date=2025-01-12 |website=Ecelebritymirror |language=en-US}} In 2020, Condit's nephew Buck was elected to the Stanislaus County Board of Supervisors for district 1, defeating Modesto City Councilman Bill Zoslocki 58.77% to 41.23%. Earlier in 2018, Condit's grandson, Channce Condit, ran unopposed for a seat on the Ceres City Council.{{Cite news |first=Jeff |last=Benziger |date=December 7, 2018 |url=https://www.cerescourier.com/news/local/condits-gather-swearing-/ |title=Condits gather at swearing-in |work=Ceres Courier}} In 2020, Channce was elected to the Stanislaus County Board of Supervisors after he defeated Tom Hallinan 60% to 40%, joining his father's cousin, Buck, on the board.{{Cite news |first=Jeff |last=Benziger |title=Swearing in of new council won't be open to the public |url=https://www.cerescourier.com/news/local/swearing-in-of-new-council-wont-be-open-to-the-public/ |date=December 2, 2020 |access-date=2020-12-03 |work=Ceres Courier}}

In 2015, another grandson of Condit, Couper Condit, was appointed to the Ceres planning commission but was denied reappointment in 2020 by the council.{{Cite news |first=Jeff |last=Benziger |url=https://www.cerescourier.com/news/local/planning-commissions-couper-condit-replaced-silveria/ |date=January 29, 2020 |title=Planning Commission's Couper Condit replaced by Silveria |work=Ceres Courier}} Couper Condit won a seat on the Ceres City Council later in 2020 by defeating incumbent Michael "Mike" Kline by a 38.19% to 23.52% margin, with two other competitors falling short. After serving for 10 months on the Ceres City Council, Couper Condit resigned with no explanation.{{Cite news |first=Jeff |last=Benziger |title=Condit resigns council seat – with no explanation |url=https://www.cerescourier.com/news/local/condit-resigns-council-seat-with-no-explanation/ |access-date=2024-02-07 |work=Ceres Courier|date=October 12, 2021}} Couper Condit has also worked as the district director for Assemblymember Heath Flora.

In 2023, another grandson of Condit, Gary M. Condit (named after his grandfather), was appointed to the Ceres Planning Commission.{{Cite news |first=Jeff |last=Benziger |title=Youngest Condit appointed to the Ceres Planning Commission |url=https://www.cerescourier.com/news/local/youngest-condit-appointed-ceres-planning-commission/ |access-date=2024-02-07 |work=Ceres Courier}} Gary M. Condit ran for Ceres mayor in 2024 but lost the race to the incumbent mayor, Javier Lopez, by a little under 5%.https://www.stanvote.gov/past-results/results.htm His wife, Destiny Suarez, worked at the office of State Senator Marie Alvarado-Gil, but quit about eight months after her father in-law, Chad Condit, was fired from the same workplace.

See also

Notes

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