Gas separation
{{short description|Techniques to provide multiple products or purify a product}}
Gas separation can refer to any of a number of techniques used to separate gases, either to give multiple products or to purify a single product.
Swing adsorption techniques
=Pressure swing adsorption=
{{Main|Pressure swing adsorption}}
Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) pressurizes and depressurizes a multicomponent gas around an adsorbent medium to selectively adsorb some components of a gas while leaving other components free-flowing.{{cite book | last1 = Basu | first1 = Swapan |last2 = Debnath |first2 = Ajay |title = PowerPlant Instrumentation and Control Handbook | year = 2019 | isbn = 978-0-12-819504-8 }}
=Vacuum swing adsorption=
{{Main|Vacuum swing adsorption}}
Vacuum swing adsorption (VSA) uses the same principle as PSA but swings between vacuum pressures and atmospheric pressure.{{cite journal |last1=Ntiamoah |first1=Augustine |last2=Ling |first2=Jianghua |display-authors=et al. |title=CO2 capture by vacuum swing adsorption: role of multiple pressure equalization steps |date=18 September 2015|journal=Adsorption |volume=21 |pages=509-522 |doi=10.1007/s10450-015-9690-8|hdl=11343/115935 |hdl-access=free }} PSA and VSA techniques may be combined and are called "vacuum pressure swing adsorption" (VPSA) in this case.
=Temperature swing adsorption=
Temperature swing adsorption (TSA) is similar to other swing adsorption techniques but cycles the temperature of the adsorbent bed-gas system instead of the gas pressure to achieve separation.{{cite journal |last1=Ntiamoah |first1=Augustine |last2=Ling |first2=Jianghua |display-authors=et al. |title=CO2 capture by vacuum swing adsorption: role of multiple pressure equalization steps |date=18 September 2015|journal=Adsorption |volume=21 |pages=509-522 |doi=10.1007/s10450-015-9690-8|hdl=11343/115935 |hdl-access=free }}
Cryogenic distillation
{{Main|Air separation}}
Cryogenic distillation is typically only used for very high volumes because of its nonlinear cost-scale relationship, which makes the process more economical at larger scales. Because of this it is typically only used for air separation.{{cite journal |last1=Hermes |first1=Santa Anna |last2=Amaro |first2=Barreto |display-authors=et al. |title=Methane/nitrogen separation through pressure swing adsorption process from nitrogen-rich streams |date=May 2016 |journal=Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification |volume=103 |pages=70-79 |doi=10.1016/j.cep.2015.11.002}}
See also
- {{annotated link|Oxygen concentrator}}
- {{annotated link|Nitrogen generator}}
- {{annotated link|Industrial gas}}
- {{annotated link|Air separation}}
- {{annotated link|Natural-gas processing}}
- {{annotated link|Solid sorbents for carbon capture}}
References
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