Gassmann triple
In mathematics, a Gassmann triple (or Gassmann-Sunada triple) is a group G together with two faithful actions on sets X and Y, such that X and Y are not isomorphic as G-sets but every element of G has the same number of fixed points on X and Y. They were introduced by Fritz Gassmann in 1926.
Applications
Gassmann triples have been used to construct examples of pairs of mathematical objects with the same invariants that are not isomorphic, including arithmetically equivalent number fields and isospectral graphs and isospectral Riemannian manifolds.
Examples
Image:fano plane.svg. The two sets of the Gassmann triple are the 7 points and the 7 lines.]]
The simple group G = SL3(F2) of order 168 acts on the projective plane of order 2, and the actions on the 7 points and 7 lines give a Gassmann triple.
References
- {{Citation | last1=Bosma | first1=Wieb | last2=de Smit | first2=Bart | editor1-last=Kohel | editor1-first=David R. | editor2-last=Fieker | editor2-first=Claus | title=Algorithmic number theory (Sydney, 2002) | publisher=Springer-Verlag | location=Berlin, New York | series=Lecture Notes in Comput. Sci. | isbn=978-3-540-43863-2 | doi=10.1007/3-540-45455-1_6 | mr=2041074 | year=2002 | volume=2369 | chapter=On arithmetically equivalent number fields of small degree | pages=67–79}}
- {{Citation | authorlink=Fritz Gassmann | last1=Gassmann | first1=Fritz | title=Bemerkungen zur vorstehenden Arbeit von Hurwitz (Über Beziehungen zwischen den Primidealen eines algebraischen Körpers und den Substitutionen seiner Gruppe) | publisher=Springer Berlin / Heidelberg | year=1926 | journal=Mathematische Zeitschrift | issn=0025-5874 | volume=25 | pages=665–675 | doi=10.1007/BF01283860}}
- {{Citation | authorlink=Toshikazu Sunada | doi=10.2307/1971195 | first=T.|last= Sunada | title=Riemannian coverings and isospectral manifolds | journal=Annals of Mathematics | volume=121 | issue=1 | year=1985 | pages=169–186 | postscript= | jstor=1971195 }}