Gaston Bonnier
{{Short description|French botanist (1853–1922)}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Gaston Eugène Marie Bonnier
| image = Gaston Bonnier.jpg
| caption = Gaston Bonnier
| birth_date = {{birth_date|df=y|1853|4|9}}
| birth_place = Paris, France
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1922|1|2|1853|4|9}}
| death_place =
| nationality = French
| field = Botany, Plant Ecology
| known for = Experimental plant ecology, founding the Revue Générale de Botanique, floras of France
| alma mater = École Normale Supérieure, Uppsala University
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students = {{hlist| Henri Devaux | Maurice Bouly de Lesdain | Paul Becquerel | Louis Emberger | Paul Jaccard | Albert Maige }}
| notable awards =
| signature =
}}
Gaston Eugène Marie Bonnier ({{IPA|fr|ɡastɔ̃ øʒɛn maʁi bɔnje}}; 9 April 1853 – 2 January 1922) was a French botanist and plant ecologist.{{Cite web|title=Gaston Bonnier|url=https://www.biologie-seite.de/Biologie/Gaston_Bonnier|access-date=2021-04-21|website=www.biologie-seite.de|language=de}} {{botanist| Bonnier|Bonnier, Gaston|border=0|inline=1}}
Biography
Bonnier first studied at École Normale Supérieure in Paris from 1873 to 1876. Together with Charles Flahault, he studied at Uppsala University in 1878. They published two articles about their impressions:
- Observations sur la flore cryptogamique de la Scandinavie
- Sur la distribution des végétaux dans la region moyenne de la presqu’ile Scandinave (both with Charles Flahault 1879)
He became assistant professor, later full professor, of botany at Sorbonne in 1887 and, in addition, he founded a Plant Biological Laboratory in Fontainebleau in 1889. The same year, he co-founded the scientific journal Revue Générale de Botanique, which he edited until 1922.
He was an early exponent of experimental plant ecology. He transplanted alpine plants between the Alps and Pyrenees and the research garden in Fontainebleau.{{Cite journal|last=Coulter|first=M. C.|date=1923|title=Gaston Bonnier|url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/333274|journal=Botanical Gazette|language=en|volume=76|issue=4|pages=425–426|doi=10.1086/333274|s2cid=224833700 |issn=0006-8071}}{{Cite journal|last=Bournerias|first=Marcel|date=1990|title=Gaston Bonnier, éminent pédagogue et botaniste de terrain|journal=Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France. Lettres Botaniques|language=fr|volume=137|issue=2–3|pages=93–105|doi=10.1080/01811797.1990.10824870|issn=0181-1797|doi-access=free|bibcode=1990BSBFL.137...93B }}{{Cite journal|date=1923|title=Prof. Gaston Bonnier|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=111|issue=2782|pages=264–265|doi=10.1038/111264b0|issn=0028-0836|doi-access=free|bibcode=1923Natur.111..264. }}{{Cite journal|last1=Smith|first1=Gideon F.|last2=Wolff|first2=Ernst|last3=Thoumin|first3=Luce|date=2020|title=The taxonomy and nomenclature of Kalanchoe gastonis-bonnieri Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), with biographical notes on Gaston Eugène Marie Bonnier (1853–1922)|url=https://bioone.org/journals/bradleya/volume-2020/issue-38/brad.n38.2020.a13/The-taxonomy-and-nomenclature-of-Kalanchoe-gastonis-bonnieri-Raym-Hamet/10.25223/brad.n38.2020.a13.full|journal=Bradleya|volume=2020|issue=38|pages=94|doi=10.25223/brad.n38.2020.a13|bibcode=2020Bradl2020...94S |hdl=2263/89084 |s2cid=220072094 |issn=0265-086X|hdl-access=free}} The results were published in:
- Cultures expérimentales dans les Alpes et les Pyrénées. Revue Générale de Botanique 2 (1890): 513–546.
- Les plantes arctiques comparées aux mêmes espèces des Alpes et des Pyrénées (1894).
- Nouvelles observations sur les cultures expérimentales à diverses altitudes et cultures par semis. Revue Générale de Botanique 22 (1920): 305–326.
He authored several floras of France, such as
- Nouvelle flore du Nord de la France et de la Belgique pour la détermination facile des plantes sans mots techniques. Vol. I. Tableaux synoptiques des plantes vasculaires de la flore de la France. P. Dupont, Paris, 1894 (With Georges de Layens (1834–1897)).
- Vol. II. Nouvelle Flore des mousses et des hépatiques with Charles Isidore Douin (1858–1944). P. Dupont, Paris, 1895.
- Vol. III. Nouvelle Flore des champignons with Julien Noël Costantin (1857–1936) and Léon Jean Marie Dufour (1862–1942). P. Dupont, Paris, 1895.
- Flore complète illustrée de France, Suisse et Belgique. (1911).
Notable students of Gaston Bonnier include Henri Devaux, Maurice Bouly de Lesdain,{{cite journal |title=Le Dr Maurice Bouly de Lesdain (1869–1965 |first1=H. |last1=Des Abbayes |journal=Revue bryologique et lichénologique |volume=34 |issue=1–2 |year=1966 |pages=370–375 |language=fr |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/59914825}} Paul Becquerel, Louis Emberger, Paul Jaccard, and Albert Maige among others.
References
{{commons category|Gaston Bonnier}}
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Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences
Category:Corresponding members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
Category:20th-century French botanists
Category:Academic staff of the University of Paris