Gawthorpe Hall

Gawthorpe Hall's origins are somewhat disputed (see Champness (2008).{{cite web|url=https://lahs.archaeologyuk.org/Contrebis/Vol%2031%20Champness.pdf|last=Champness|first=John |year=2008|title= The Building of Gawthorpe Hall|website=Lancaster Archaeological & Historical Society|pages= 31, 33–41}}). Pevsner suggests the origins lie in a pele tower, a strong fortification built by the Shuttleworths in the 14th century as a defence against invading Scots.{{sfn|Hartwell|Pevsner|2009|p=321}} The Shuttleworths occupied Shuttleworth Hall near Hapton from the 12th century.{{Cite web|url=http://www.grimshaworigin.org/WebPages/ShutGawt.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121228171757/http://www.grimshaworigin.org/WebPages/ShutGawt.htm|url-status=dead|title=Grimshaw and Shuttleworth family origin website|accessdate= 15 January 2011|archivedate=December 28, 2012}} The diet of the family in Elizabethan times is known from their household books. The Shuttleworths bought glasses for rose water in 1589 and a "stillatory" for distillation in 1590. Most of their food was bought locally or came from their own farms, but spices were bought from London.{{sfn|Thirsk|2007|pp=43-49}}

The Elizabethan house at Gawthorpe was dovetailed around the pele tower from plans drawn up by Richard Shuttleworth but carried out after his death by his brother the Reverend Lawrence Shuttleworth. The foundation stone was laid on 26 August 1600.Date 1599 O.S. in Cooper 1999:260f; the "Booke of Accountes ... for the use of Mr. Lawrence Shuttleworthe, towchinge his howse att Gawthroppe" begin in February N.S.: John Harland edited "The Shuttleworth Accounts" in (Chetham Society) Remains Historical & Literary connected with the palatine counties of Lancaster and Chester 35.1 (:126); the foundation stone was laid 26 August 1600 (p. 130).

In 1604 Richard Stone of Carr House in Bretherton, imported Irish panel boards and timber and stored 1,000 pieces in the tithe barn at Hoole until they were needed.{{sfn|Lofthouse|1978|p=48}} Mottoes are found in the front porch and around the top of the tower.{{citation|title=Gawthorpe Hall|work=Lancashire Museums|publisher=Lancashire County Council|url=http://www.lancashire.gov.uk/acs/sites/museums/venues/gawthorpe/?siteid=3773&pageid=12953&e=e|access-date=29 November 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402182155/http://www.lancashire.gov.uk/acs/sites/museums/venues/gawthorpe/?siteid=3773&pageid=12953&e=e|archive-date=2 April 2012}} The initials KS, Kay-Shuttleworth occur in decoration throughout the house, on the front door and plaster roundels on the ceiling in the main dining room. Miss Rachel, as the Honourable Rachel Kay-Shuttleworth was known locally, lived at the hall from 1953 until her death in 1967.{{sfn|Dean|2013|p=45}} In 1970, her nephew gave the hall to the National Trust, to be managed in association with Lancashire County Council, on a 99-year lease to the latter.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/gawthorpe-hall|title=Gawthorpe Hall|access-date=10 June 2012|website=National Trust}} In 2015 the council provided funding of £500,000 to enable urgent repairs.{{Cite news|url=http://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/burnley/padiham/13624691.Historic_Gawthorpe_Hall_refurbishment____to_preserve_it_for_years___/|title=Historic Gawthorpe Hall refurbishment 'to preserve it for years'|work=Lancashire Telegraph}}

The original house, which Pevsner suggests began as a pele tower, was developed into an Elizabethan mansion in the very early 1600s. Clare Hartwell, in her 2009 revised Lancashire: North edition of the Pevsner Buildings of England, notes the traditional attribution to Robert Smythson and suggests that, if not by him, "the design must have been influenced by his work".{{sfn|Hartwell|Pevsner|2009|p=492}}{{efn|Clare Hartwell notes the parallels with Smythson's Barlborough Hall, Derbyshire, and describes Gawthorpe's frontage as "strikingly similar" to Wootton Lodge.{{sfn|Hartwell|Pevsner|2009|pp=492-493}}}} By the middle of the 19th century, the house was "near ruin" and Sir James Phillips Kay-Shuttleworth, 1st Baronet engaged Charles Barry to undertake an extensive rebuilding.{{sfn|Jenkins|2003|p=398}}

Gawthorpe Hall is a Grade I listed building.{{NHLE|num=1237626|desc=Gawthorpe Hall|grade=I|access-date=15 August 2022}} Other listed buildings associated with the hall include the Great Barn (built 1602–04), also listed at Grade I,{{NHLE|num=1237628|desc=Great Barn, Padiham|grade=I|access-date=15 August 2022}} and the old farmhouse (1605–06, now used as the estate offices),{{NHLE|num=1237629|desc=Estate Offices on south side of courtyard, 20M south of Great Barn|grade=II||access-date=15 August 2022}} the game larder,{{NHLE|num=1274589|desc=Game Larder, Gawthorpe Hall|grade=II|access-date=15 August 2022}} the coach house (1870),{{NHLE|num=1274590|desc=Coach House, Gawthorpe Hall|grade=II|access-date=15 August 2022}} a terrace wall,{{NHLE|num=1237627|desc=Terrace wall, Gawthorpe Hall|grade=II|access-date=15 August 2022}} and the lodges and gateways on Habergham{{NHLE|num=1245011|desc=Habergham Lodge with attached gate piers, Ightenhill|grade=II|access-date=15 August 2022}} and Stockbridge drives (both c.1849), all listed at Grade II.{{NHLE|num=1237634|desc=Gatepiers at Stockbridge Lodge, Padiham|grade=II|access-date=15 August 2022}}{{NHLE|num=1238257|desc=Stockbridge Lodge, Padiham|grade=II|access-date=15 August 2022}}

The small ornamental garden, created in the early 1850s, was laid out on a terrace overlooking the River Calder at the rear of the house by Barry. The course of the river was diverted away from Gawthorpe Hall in the 19th century because of pollution and again diverted to accommodate an open cast coal scheme north of the river in Padiham in the 1960s.{{sfn|Armstrong|1985|p=?}} Following the Second World War, during which Richard Kay-Shuttleworth, 2nd Baron Shuttleworth, was killed as a fighter pilot in the Battle of Britain,Burke's Peerage, volume 3 (2003), p. 3616 the family had the formal garden dug up, as maintenance costs had become prohibitively expensive. The layout of the garden is still visible, especially during dry summer months.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-lancashire-44786388|title=Gawthorpe Hall: Dry weather reveals 'ghost garden'|work=BBC News |date=10 July 2018}}

Gawthorpe is a trailhead on the Brontë Way, a {{convert|43|mi|km|0|adj=on}} long-distance footpath that crosses the South Pennines to Haworth before continuing to Oakwell Hall, Birstall, West Yorkshire.{{cite web|author=MKH Computer Services Ltd. |url=https://www.ldwa.org.uk/ldp/members/show_path.php?path_name=Bronte+Way |title=Brontë Way — LDWA Long Distance Paths |publisher=Ldwa.org.uk |access-date=6 August 2015}}

In 1955, the Burnley F.C. chairman Bob Lord purchased {{convert|80|acres}} of Gawthorpe land, making Burnley one of the first clubs to set up a purpose-built training centre. By the 21st century, Burnley's three-decade absence from top flight football had left the facilities dated, with the old groundsman’s bungalow used for media meetings and the pitches prone to flooding. In spring 2017, the club opened a new £10.6-million training complex as the base for the senior squad and the club's academy.{{sfn|Inglis|1996|p=86}}{{Cite news|last=Whalley|first=Mike|date=5 August 2017|title=Sean Dyche has new grounds for optimism as Burnley spend £10.5m on training facility|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2017/08/05/sean-dyche-has-new-grounds-optimism-burnley-spend-105m-training/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821165231/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2017/08/05/sean-dyche-has-new-grounds-optimism-burnley-spend-105m-training/|archive-date=21 August 2017|access-date=20 July 2020}}{{Cite web|last=Marshall|first=Tyrone|date=24 March 2017|title=Training ground move a sign of our ambition, says Burnley captain Tom Heaton as Clarets move into their new home|url=https://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/sport/15174299.training-ground-move-sign-ambition-says-burnley-captain-tom-heaton-clarets-move-new-home/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222222247/https://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/sport/15174299.training-ground-move-sign-ambition-says-burnley-captain-tom-heaton-clarets-move-new-home/|archive-date=22 December 2020|access-date=30 January 2020|website=Lancashire Telegraph}}

• Colonel Richard Shuttleworth (1587–1669), Member of Parliament for Preston and High Sheriff of Lancashire
• Richard Shuttleworth (1683–1749), Member of Parliament for Lancashire
• James Shuttleworth (politician) (1714–1773), Member of Parliament for Lancashire and High Sheriff of Yorkshire
• Sir James Phillips Kay-Shuttleworth, 1st Baronet (20 July 1804 – 26 May 1877)
• Ughtred James Kay-Shuttleworth, 1st Baron Shuttleworth, PC, DL (18 December 1844 – 20 December 1939)
• Richard Kay-Shuttleworth, 2nd Baron Shuttleworth (1937–1940), a fighter pilot killed in the Battle of Britain
• Rachel Beatrice Kay-Shuttleworth MBE (17 February 1886 - 20 April 1967): Rachel was the third daughter of Ughtred Kay-Shuttleworth, 1st Baron Shuttleworth and his wife Blanche, Lady Shuttleworth. She was an educator, an embroiderer, a maker of lace, a philanthropist, and a social activist. In 1912, she started collecting textiles and crafts as teaching aids. Her collection was later included in the Gawthorpe Textiles Collection that is kept at Gawthorpe Hall, and administered by a separate charity trust.{{sfn|Williams|1969|p=?}}{{Cite web |title=Rachel Kay-Shuttleworth |url=https://www.gawthorpetextiles.org.uk/rachel-kay-shuttleworth |access-date=11 March 2022 |website=www.gawthorpetextiles.org.uk}}

File:Gawthorpe Hall back.jpg|The rear of Gawthorpe Hall, with a portion of the rear gardens

File:The Great Barn and coach House, Gawthorpe Hall-geograph-3101023-by-K--A.jpg|The Great Barn, coach house and old farmhouse to the southwest of the hall

File:Gawthorpe Training Ground.jpg|Burnley F.C.'s training facility, on the north side of the river, completed in 2017

{{notelist}}

{{Reflist|30em}}

• {{cite book

|last=Armstrong|first=Duncan

|title=Owd Padiham - a pictorial history

|year=1985

|publisher=Mercer Print

|location=Padiham

}}

• {{cite book

|last=Dean |title=Gawthorpe Hall, Lancashire

|year=2013

|location=Swindon, UK

|publisher=National Trust

|isbn=978-1-843-59405-5

}}

• {{cite book

|last1=Hartwell|first1=Clare|last2=Pevsner|first2=Nikolaus

|author-link2=Nikolaus Pevsner

|title=Lancashire: North

|series=The Buildings of England

|year=2009

|publisher=Yale University Press

|location=New Haven, US and London

|isbn=978-0-300-12667-9

}}

• {{cite book

|first=Simon|last=Inglis

|title=Football Grounds of Britain

|publisher=Collins Willow

|year=1996

|isbn=978-0-002-18426-7

}}

• {{cite book

| last = Jenkins | first = Simon

| author-link = Simon Jenkins

| title = England's Thousand Best Houses

| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qWnqAAAAMAAJ&q=editions:kD9NFIpkJVsC

| location = London, UK

| publisher = Penguin Books

| year = 2003

| isbn = 978-0-7139-9596-1

}}

• {{cite book

|first=Jessica|last=Lofthouse

|title=Lancashire Villages

|publisher=Robert Hale

|location=London

|year=1978

}}

• {{cite book

|last=Thirsk|first=Joan

|author-link=Joan Thirsk

|title=Food in Early Modern England

|location=London

|year=2007

}}

• {{cite book

|last=Williams |first=G. A.

|title=Rachel Kay-Shuttleworth, 1886-1967: A Short Account of Her Life and Work

|date=1969

|publisher=

|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nzhMswEACAAJ

}}

• {{Commons category-inline}}
• [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata%3AWikiProject_sum_of_all_paintings%2FCollection%2FGawthorpe_Hall Wikidata List of Paintings on view at Gawthorpe Hall]
• [https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/gawthorpe-hall Gawthorpe Hall] at the National Trust
• [http://www.aboutbritain.com/GawthorpeHall.htm Gawthorpe Hall] (About Britain)

{{Borough of Burnley buildings}}

Category:Buildings and structures in Burnley

Category:Country houses in Lancashire

Category:National Trust properties in Lancashire

Category:Grade I listed buildings in Lancashire

Category:Historic house museums in Lancashire

Category:Textile museums in the United Kingdom

Category:Grade I listed houses

Category:Grade II listed parks and gardens in Lancashire

Category:Elizabethan architecture

Category:Charles Barry buildings

Category:Padiham

Category:Edward Middleton Barry buildings