Gela#Ancient era

File:Mappa delle aree sacre di Gela.jpg

File:Mura Timoleontee (Postierla, lato sud).jpg

File:Ara fittile con Gorgone Medusa che abbraccia i figli Pegaso e Crisaore.jpg

Archaeology has shown that the acropolis of Gela was occupied during the Copper Age in the 4th millennium BC and during the Bronze Age in the 2nd millennium BC.L’Acropoli di Gela: origini, storia e ritrovamenti importanti https://gela.italiani.it/acropoli-di-gela/

Gela was founded around 688 BC by colonists from Rhodes and Crete, 45 years after the founding of Syracuse. Archaeology has shown that they chose to settle on the northern slope of the Molino a Vento extending for more than 400 m towards the west up to Castelluccio.

The city was named after the river Gela, the name of which derives from gela, the Sicilian-dialect word for "winter frost".{{Cite EB1911|first=Thomas |last=Ashby |authorlink=Thomas Ashby (archaeologist) |wstitle=Gela |volume=11 |page=554}} According to Diodorus Siculus, the city was founded by Antiphemus and Entimus.[https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/H/Roman/Texts/Diodorus_Siculus/8*.html#23 Diodorus Siculus, Library 8-40, 8.23.1]

Gela immediately had violent clashes with the Sicani of the area: Antiphemus waged a war against the city of Omphace, not far from Gela. The Gelans won and defeated the city, also taking away a statue that was said to have been made by the mythical sculptor Daedalus.Pausanias, VIII, 46, 2, and IX, 40, 4

The Temple of Athena Lindia, protector of the city, was built on the acropolis over the protohistoric remains in the 7th century BC, This was then incorporated into a second temple in the 6th century, also dedicated to Athena.

The Greeks established many colonies in Magna Graecia and for many centuries they had a major influence on the area. Gela flourished and the expansionist policy of the tyrants of Gela, in particular Cleander and especially Hippocrates, led to the city founding a series of satellite colonies, including Akragas (Agrigento), and also managed to subdue several cities: Kallipolis (according to some, today's Giarre), Leontini (Lentini), Naxos (Sicily) (Giardini-Naxos) and Zancle (Messina).{{Cite web|last=Spina|first=Giuseppe La|date=2016-09-06|title=L'arrivo dei Greci e la fondazione della polis di Ghela (GELA)|url=https://www.gelaleradicidelfuturo.com/gela-antica/larrivo-dei-greci-e-la-fondazione-della-polis-di-ghela-gela/|access-date=2021-02-19|website=Gela Le radici del Futuro|language=it-IT}}{{Cite book|title=Braccesi e Millino, op. cit|pages=59}} Only Syracuse, with the help of her former colonizing city Corinth and Corcyra managed to escape. When Kamarina, a Syracusan colony, rebelled in 492 BC, Hippocrates intervened to wage war against Syracuse. After defeating the Syracusan army at the Heloros river, Hippocrates besieged the city but was persuaded to retreat in exchange for possession of Camarina. Hippocrates died in 491 BC in a battle against the Siculi, the native Sicilian people.{{Cite book|title=Lorenzo Braccesi, Hesperia 9|year=1998|pages=44}}

Hippocrates was succeeded by Gelon, who in 484 BC conquered Syracuse and moved his seat of government there. His brother Hiero was given control over Gela. When Theron of Agrigento conquered Himera and a Carthaginian army disembarked in Sicily to counter him, he asked for help from Gela and Syracuse. Gelo and Hiero were victorious in the subsequent battle of Himera, in which the Carthaginian leader Hamilcar died.{{Cite web|title=L'assedio di Imera|url=http://www.arsbellica.it/pagine/battaglie_in_sintesi/Imera_Assedio.html|access-date=2021-02-19|website=Ars Bellica}}

After the death of Gelon in 478 BC, Hiero moved to Syracuse, leaving Gela to Polyzelos. Many of the Geloi returned from Syracuse in this period and the city regained some of its power. Aeschylus died in this city in 456 BC.

In 425 BC during the Sicilian wars, Gela was an ally of Syracuse, while Kamarina was on the opposing side although they were traditional allies. They concluded an armistice in the late summer.Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War, 4.58 Since a bilateral peace was unlikely to last if the rest of the island remained at war, the two cities invited all the belligerents to convene and discuss peace terms. The cities not only sent ambassadors but also granted them unusually broad power to conduct diplomacy.Kagan, The Archidamian War, 266 In 424 BC at the Congress of Gela, the Sicilian cities made peace on the basis of "Sicily for the Sicilians".

Gela fought the Sicilian League that pushed back the Athenian attempt to conquer the island in 415 BC (see Sicilian Expedition).

In 406 BC, the Carthaginians conquered Agrigento and destroyed it. Gela asked for the help of Dionysius I of Syracuse but Dionysius did not arrive and, after heroic deeds, the following year, Gela was ruined and its treasures sacked. The survivors took refuge in Syracuse.{{Cite web|title=La battaglia di Gela|url=http://www.arsbellica.it/pagine/battaglie_in_sintesi/Gela.html|access-date=2021-02-19|website=Ars Bellica}}{{Cite book|title=Kern Paul B., Ancient Greek Warfare|pages=172}} In 397 BC, they returned in Gela and joined Dionysius II in his struggle for freedom from the invaders and in 383 BC their independence was acknowledged.

Timoleon rebuilt the city walls in 338 BC after the destruction by the Carthaginians. The Acropolis lost its sacred character and was populated with houses arranged on the flanks of the hill. The monumental area of the city was moved to Capo Soprano.

Under Agathocles (317-289 BC), the city again suffered internal strife between the people and the aristoi (aristocrats). When the Carthaginians arrived in 311 BC, they met little resistance and captured the city with the help of the aristoi. The acropolis site at Molino a Vento was then definitively abandoned.

In 282 BC Phintias of Agrigento ruthlessly destroyed Gela to crush its power forever and transferred its population to his new city of Phintias next to present-day Licata.Diodorus Siculus, XXII, 2,4. This assertion, however, seems to be refuted by a careful reading of the sources that name the Mamertines as the real destroyers of the city, five years earlier.Emanuele Zuppardo-Salvatore Piccolo, Terra Mater. Sulle Sponde del Gela Greco, Betania Editrice, Caltanissetta 2005, pgg. 162-163.

The city subsequently disappeared from the chronicles. Under Roman rule, a small settlement, which is mentioned by Virgil, Pliny the Elder, Cicero, and Strabo, still existed. Later it was a minor Byzantine center. Under the Arabs, it was known as the "City of Columns".{{Cite web|last=Ventura|first=Giuseppe|title=Profilo storico|url=http://www.comune.gela.cl.it/citta-e-turismo/profilo-storico|access-date=2021-02-20|website=Comune di Gela|language=it-it}}

A later city called "Terranova", by which name it remained known until 1928, was founded in 1233 by Frederick II.{{Cite web|title=Da Gela a Terranova: fondazione e rifondazioni|date=15 June 2018 |url=https://gela.italiani.it/nome-gela-terranova/|access-date=2021-04-07|language=it-it}} The new settlement was located west of ancient Gela, and was provided with a castle and a line of walls. Terranova, also known as Heracles, was a royal possession until 1369, when King Frederick III of Aragon gave it to Manfredi III Chiaramonte.{{Cite web|title=Colonna Dorica|url=https://www.gelaleradicidelfuturo.com/tours/colonna-dorica/|access-date=2021-02-20|website=Gela Le radici del Futuro|language=it-IT}} In 1401, however, after the treason of Andrea Chiaramonte, the city was confiscated and was assigned to several Aragonese feudataries.{{Cite web|last=Randazzo|first=Antonio|title=Chiaramonte|url=https://www.antoniorandazzo.it/nobili/chiaramonte.html|access-date=2021-02-20|website=nobili|language=it-IT}} In 1530, the title of Marquis of Terranova was created for Giovanni Tagliavia Aragona, and in 1561, his son Carlo obtained the title of Duke.{{Cite web|title=GLI ARAGONA TAGLIAVIA|url=http://www.chiesasandomenico.it/storia/gli-aragona-tagliavia/|access-date=2021-02-20|website=Chiesa di San Domenico|language=it-IT}} The Terranova Aragona held the city until 1640, when the marriage of Giovanna Tagliavia Aragona and Ettore Pignatelli give the possession to the Pignatelli, who held the fiefdom until 1812.{{Cite journal|title=Pignatelli Aragona Cortés E Mendoza|access-date=2021-04-07|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/53303917.pdf|language=it-it}}

File:Gela, Piazza Umberto I e Chiesa Madre.jpg

Terranova was renamed Terranova di Sicilia, and in 1927, it was renamed Gela.{{Cite web|date=2018-06-15|title=Da nome Gela a Terranova: fondazione e rifondazioni storiche|url=https://gela.italiani.it/nome-gela-terranova/|access-date=2021-02-20|website=itGela|language=it-IT}}

In World War II, during the initial assault on 10 July 1943 of the Allied invasion of Sicily, the U.S. 1st Infantry Division and the 82nd Armored Reconnaissance Battalion landed on the beaches of Gela, which were strongly defended by the Livorno Division. The Allied forces repelled an Italian and German armored counter-attack at Gela. The U.S. Army Engineers built several advanced landing airfields, which were used by the Twelfth Air Force during the Italian Campaign, in the area around the city.

After the war, a large oil refinery was built in Gela's territory as a part of Eni's industrial expansion plan in South Italy.{{Cite web|title=La costruzione della raffineria Anic di Gela. Di Rosario Costa : Associazione Pionieri e Veterani Eni|url=http://www.pionierieni.it/wp/?p=8901|access-date=2021-02-20|language=it-IT}} The refinery was intended to help the region's economy but instead it caused significant damage to the area's visual appearance and touristic appeal and in 2014, the refinery was closed down.{{Cite web|title=Gela si ferma contro la chiusura della raffineria Eni|url=https://tg.la7.it/cronaca/gela-si-ferma-contro-la-chiusura-della-raffineria-eni-28-07-2014-85993|access-date=2021-02-20|website=TGLA7|date=28 July 2014 |language=it}}

File:Spiaggia di Manfria (Gela).png

Gela is situated on the Mediterranean coast at the estuary of Gela river on the south-western side of Sicily. The bounding municipalities are Acate, Butera, Caltagirone, Mazzarino and Niscemi. Its frazione (municipal parish) is the coastal village of Manfria. In geology, Gela gives its name to the Gelasian Age of the Pleistocene Epoch.{{Cite web|title=Monte San Nicola (CL)|url=http://www.geositidisicilia.it/04_monte_sanicola.html|access-date=2021-02-20|website=www.geositidisicilia.it}}

Gela has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa). Winters are mild and rainy while summers are dry and hot. Precipitation is higher in autumn and winter.

{{Weather box

| width = auto

| metric first = yes

| single line = yes

| location = Gela (1991–2020, extremes 1965–present)

|Jan record high C = 22.0

|Feb record high C = 23.4

|Mar record high C = 27.6

|Apr record high C = 33.2

|May record high C = 34.6

|Jun record high C = 38.0

|Jul record high C = 41.4

|Aug record high C = 40.0

|Sep record high C = 34.4

|Oct record high C = 33.0

|Nov record high C = 28.4

|Dec record high C = 23.6

|year record high C = 41.4

| Jan high C = 15.5

| Feb high C = 15.5

| Mar high C = 16.8

| Apr high C = 19.2

| May high C = 22.6

| Jun high C = 26.0

| Jul high C = 28.3

| Aug high C = 29.1

| Sep high C = 26.9

| Oct high C = 24.0

| Nov high C = 20.2

| Dec high C = 16.8

| year high C = 21.7

| Jan mean C = 12.2

| Feb mean C = 12.1

| Mar mean C = 13.4

| Apr mean C = 15.8

| May mean C = 19.3

| Jun mean C = 22.9

| Jul mean C = 25.3

| Aug mean C = 26.3

| Sep mean C = 23.9

| Oct mean C = 21.0

| Nov mean C = 17.2

| Dec mean C = 13.7

| year mean C = 18.6

| Jan low C = 9.1

| Feb low C = 8.7

| Mar low C = 10.0

| Apr low C = 12.2

| May low C = 15.9

| Jun low C = 19.9

| Jul low C = 22.4

| Aug low C = 23.4

| Sep low C = 20.9

| Oct low C = 17.9

| Nov low C = 14.1

| Dec low C = 10.7

| year low C = 15.4

|Jan record low C = 0.0

|Feb record low C = 0.0

|Mar record low C = 0.0

|Apr record low C = 3.8

|May record low C = 5.8

|Jun record low C = 11.0

|Jul record low C = 13.6

|Aug record low C = 15.6

|Sep record low C = 12.4

|Oct record low C = 7.8

|Nov record low C = 2.4

|Dec record low C = 1.8

|year record low C = 0.0

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm = 83.7

| Feb precipitation mm = 59.1

| Mar precipitation mm = 46.6

| Apr precipitation mm = 34.7

| May precipitation mm = 12.0

| Jun precipitation mm = 7.9

| Jul precipitation mm = 2.9

| Aug precipitation mm = 3.9

| Sep precipitation mm = 48.3

| Oct precipitation mm = 68.3

| Nov precipitation mm = 87.5

| Dec precipitation mm = 84.2

| year precipitation mm = 539.2

| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm

| Jan precipitation days = 7.4

| Feb precipitation days = 6.8

| Mar precipitation days = 5.6

| Apr precipitation days = 4.4

| May precipitation days = 2.3

| Jun precipitation days = 1.0

| Jul precipitation days = 0.3

| Aug precipitation days = 0.6

| Sep precipitation days = 3.7

| Oct precipitation days = 5.0

| Nov precipitation days = 7.5

| Dec precipitation days = 8.0

| year precipitation days = 52.4

| Jan humidity = 74.4

| Feb humidity = 72.9

| Mar humidity = 73.8

| Apr humidity = 72.3

| May humidity = 70.9

| Jun humidity = 69.8

| Jul humidity = 70.2

| Aug humidity = 71.5

| Sep humidity = 73.5

| Oct humidity = 74.2

| Nov humidity = 74.0

| Dec humidity = 73.8

| year humidity = 72.6

| Jan dew point C = 8.2

| Feb dew point C = 7.8

| Mar dew point C = 9.5

| Apr dew point C = 11.5

| May dew point C = 14.6

| Jun dew point C = 17.9

| Jul dew point C = 20.3

| Aug dew point C = 21.5

| Sep dew point C = 19.7

| Oct dew point C = 16.9

| Nov dew point C = 12.8

| Dec dew point C = 9.4

| year dew point C = 14.2

| Jan sun = 185.4

| Feb sun = 186.2

| Mar sun = 230.6

| Apr sun = 255.6

| May sun = 307.5

| Jun sun = 325.5

| Jul sun = 357.4

| Aug sun = 335.7

| Sep sun = 263.4

| Oct sun = 225.1

| Nov sun = 188.1

| Dec sun = 173.3

| year sun = 3033.9

| source 1 = NOAA{{cite web

|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Italy/CSV/Gela_16453.csv

|title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Gela

|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

|access-date = February 3, 2024}}

| source 2 = Servizio Meteorologico (extremes){{cite web

| url = http://climaintoscana.altervista.org/italia/stazioni-wmo/gela/

| title = Gela: Record mensili dal 1965

| publisher = Servizio Meteorologico dell’Aeronautica Militare

| language = it

| access-date = 23 February 2016}}

}}

{{Weather box

| width = auto

| collapsed = yes

| metric first = yes

| single line = yes

| location = Gela Osservatorio delle Acque elevation 9 m (29.5 feet) (1981-2010)

| year high C = 23.95

| year low C = 15.14

| Jan high C = 17.2

| Feb high C = 17.3

| Mar high C = 18.9

| Apr high C = 21.4

| May high C = 25.1

| Jun high C = 28.4

| Jul high C = 30.9

| Aug high C = 31.7

| Sep high C = 29.3

| Oct high C = 26.4

| Nov high C = 22.0

| Dec high C = 18.2

| Jan low C = 8.6

| Feb low C = 8.4

| Mar low C = 9.8

| Apr low C = 11.9

| May low C = 15.9

| Jun low C = 19.7

| Jul low C = 22.4

| Aug low C = 23.2

| Sep low C = 20.9

| Oct low C = 17.7

| Nov low C = 13.2

| Dec low C = 10.0

| precipitation colour = green

| Jan precipitation mm = 57.1

| Feb precipitation mm = 39.4

| Mar precipitation mm = 34.5

| Apr precipitation mm = 25.3

| May precipitation mm = 14.0

| Jun precipitation mm = 5.5

| Jul precipitation mm = 2.5

| Aug precipitation mm = 8.7

| Sep precipitation mm = 28.5

| Oct precipitation mm = 68.3

| Nov precipitation mm = 56.1

| Dec precipitation mm = 60.7

| year precipitation mm = 398.2

| source = Blog di recordpiana [http://recordpiana.altervista.org/gela-oda/]

| date = [provide date]

}}

File:Torre di Manfria 1.jpg

{{Cite web|title=MONUMENTI|url=https://gela.italiani.it/category/monumenti/|access-date=2021-02-20|website=itGela|language=it-IT}}

• Greek Acropolis, including the basements of three Greek temples, the oldest of which has an {{Convert|8|m|feet|adj=on|abbr=out}} Doric column. Its many fine Attic vases are now in various museums.{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Terranova|volume=26|page=650}}{{Cite web|date=2018-06-28|title=L'Acropoli di Gela: i ritrovamenti di un passato glorioso|url=https://gela.italiani.it/acropoli-di-gela/|access-date=2021-02-20|website=itGela|language=it-IT}}
• The Regional Archeological Museum.
• Timolean Walls (4th century BC), named after Timoleon and located within a large park between the modern city and the coast.
• Bosco Littorio, a large park whee remains of an archaic (7th–6th centuries BC) emporium have been excavated.
• Mother church, dedicated to the Holy Virgin Assunta, was rebuilt in 1766-1794 over a pre-existing small church of Madonna della Platea. It has two orders façade with Doric and Ionic semi-columns. The interior, with a nave and two aisles, houses a wood with the Transit of the Virgin by Deodato Guidaccia and other 18th centuries canvasses.{{Cite web|date=2018-05-08|title=Chiesa Madre di Gela: storia e curiosità sul gioiello gelese|url=https://gela.italiani.it/chiesa-madre-di-gela/|access-date=2021-02-20|website=itGela|language=it-IT}}
• San Francesco d'Assisi church: refurbished in the 17th century with a painted wooden roof and housing an altarpiece depicting the Deposition by Vito D'Anna
• The Castelluccio ("Small Castle"), built in the early 13th century. It is located {{convert|10|km|0|abbr=on}} from the city.{{Cite web|last=Ventura|first=Giuseppe|title=Il Castelluccio|url=http://www.comune.gela.cl.it/citta-e-turismo/i-luoghi-del-cuore/il-castelluccio|access-date=2021-02-20|website=Comune di Gela|language=it-it}}
• Natural Reserve of Biviere di Gela, including a coastal lake surrounded by dunes.{{Cite web|title=RNO Biviere di Gela {{!}} Riserva Naturale Orientata Biviere di Gela|url=https://www.riservabiviere.it/|access-date=2021-02-20}}
• Manfria, with a typical beach with Mediterranean dune landscape, and the Torre di Manfria ("Manfria Tower").{{Cite web|last1=Guide|first1=IlTurista info {{!}} Viaggi del Turista-|last2=Viaggio|first2=Notizie Ed Offerte Di|title=Manfria (Sicilia): la Torre, la leggenda e la spiaggia del lido di Gela {{!}} Guida e foto|url=https://www.ilturista.info/guide.php?cat1=4&cat2=8&cat3=1&cat4=158&lan=ita|access-date=2021-02-20|website=ilTurista.info|language=it}}

{{See also|Greek baths of Gela}}

File:Acropoli di Molino a Vento (Gela).jpg

File:Bagni greci di Gela, veduta generale.jpg

There are four main archaeological areas that can be visited today: Timolean Walls, the Acropolis, the site of Bosco Littorio and the Greek Baths.

Timolean Walls dates to the 4th century BC. and are almost 400 metres long. The feature that makes them unique is the large squared blocks in calcarenite 3 m high in the lower part and a thick layer of raw or sun-dried clay bricks above which were perfectly preserved. The upper layer was probably added as a quick solution after news of the imminent invasion of the Carthaginians. At some points the walls externally reached a height of almost 10 m. They are considered to be one of the most important discoveries of classical archaeology of the twentieth century as they are testimony of the importance that the ancient Greeks gave to defensive design and engineering as they were designed by an architect down to the smallest detail, with devices and structures intended for specific purposes such as protection from weather and towers, stairs, walkways, drains, buttresses. Inside the walls the military district was brought to light with buildings of clay bricks. Not far away, a large residential area of the same era was discovered.

The Acropolis extends between the mouth of the Gela and the Pasqualello Valley and contains the ruins of houses, shops, temples and the Hippodamian road system (with the plateia and the stenopoi). The sacred area extended to the north: today only the bases of three temples are visible. Of the largest, temple C or Athenaion, a Doric-style column (almost 8 m high) remains standing and is one of the city's symbols. Until 405 BC the acropolis housed the most important sacred buildings of Gela but after the destruction by the Carthaginians, houses were built over the acropolis after the rise to power of Timoleon.

In the Bosco Littorio, south of the Acropolis, the extensive emporium (7th–6th century BC) complex near the port at mouth of the river has been recently brought to light and restored. The emporium included workshops, warehouses and shops. The Museum of Navigation is also located on this area.

The Greek baths of GelaUn gioiello unico nella Magna Grecia: i Bagni greci di Gela https://gela.italiani.it/bagni-di-gela/ in via Europa are unique in Sicily and consist of two rooms; the one located to the north west consists of two groups of bathtubs connected by a wastewater system that surrounds a central space. The bathtubs that make up the first of the two groups are arranged in a horseshoe and have a particular shape. While only two seats of this first group have been lost, those of the second group are all missing the upper half (perhaps never completed). The material used for the tubs was an agglomeration of terracotta fragments and sandstone debris while some seats are entirely in terracotta.

Among recent discoveries in the area are:

• the oldest Greek wreck (500 BC), unique of its kind, which will be exhibited in the Museum of Navigation[https://www.heritagedaily.com/2024/10/ancient-shipwreck-carrying-rare-orichalcum-to-be-recovered/153597 Ancient Shipwreck accessed Oct 8,2024]
• in 2009 a fourth ancient boat near the mouth of the Dirillo, an underwater archaeological site on the coast of the Bulala district. The 3 other boats are in the Museum of Ancient Navigation.
• foundations of two other Greek temples: the first, very large, next to the crypts of the Mother Church; the second near the new multi-storey car park in via Istria.
• a monumental villa from the Hellenistic period on the Capo Soprano promontory with a view of the gulf

In 2019, a sarcophagus containing an intact skeleton was discovered at Gela. Some weeks later, a short distance away, a ceramic water jug containing the bones of a newborn baby and parts of a large animal's skeleton was discovered. Archaeologists said the place was certainly a Greek necropolis.[https://www.thelocal.it/20191128/ancient-necropolis-discovered-during-roadworks-in-sicily Ancient necropolis discovered during roadworks in Sicily][http://pti.regione.sicilia.it/portal/page/portal/PIR_PORTALE/PIR_IlPresidente/PIR_Archivio/PIR_AGelanuovirepertiarcheologiciscopertanecropolietaarcaica A GELA NUOVI REPERTI ARCHEOLOGICI, SCOPERTA NECROPOLI DI ETÀ ARCAICA]

{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy}}

Gela is twinned with:{{Cite web|last=Bove|first=Luigi|date=2019-06-11|title=I gemellaggi di Gela: Eleusi, Nordkapp e Wittingen|url=https://gela.italiani.it/i-gemellaggi-di-gela-eleusi-nordkapp-e-wittingen/|access-date=2021-02-19|website=itGela|language=it-IT}}

• {{flagicon|GRE}} Eleusina, Greece
• {{flagicon|GER}} Wittingen, Germany
• {{flagicon|NOR}} Nordkapp, Norway

Gela has got a football team; S.S.D. Città di Gela. Their football stadium is Stadio Vincenzo Presti. This team was founded in 1975 and re-founded in 2006, 2011 and 2019. Their best performance in Italian football was 12th position in the group B of the 2010–11 Lega Pro Prima Divisione.{{Cite web|title=Lega Pro 1° B 2010/2011 - 34. Giornata|url=https://www.calcio.com/calendario/ita-serie-c1-b-2010-2011-spieltag/34/|access-date=2021-04-29|website=calcio.com|language=it}}

{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}

• Gelo
• Aeschylus
• Archestratus
• Polyzalus

{{Div col end}}

• Gela Calcio
• Gela railway station
• Magna Graecia

{{Reflist}}

{{Wikivoyage|Gela}}

{{commons category}}

• {{in lang|it}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20140602200350/http://www.comune.gela.cl.it/ Gela official website]
• {{in lang|it}} [http://www.gelacittadimare.it Gelacittadimare.it]
• {{in lang|en|it}} [http://www.regione.sicilia.it/beniculturali/dirbenicult/attika/index.html Information on archeology at Gela]
• {{in lang|en}} [https://www.worldhistory.org/Gela/. Piccolo, Salvatore. Gela. World History Encyclopedia.]

{{Province of Caltanissetta}}

{{Archaeological sites in Sicily}}

{{authority control}}

Category:Ancient shipwrecks

Category:Coastal towns in Sicily

Category:Municipalities of the Province of Caltanissetta

Category:Ancient cities in Sicily

Category:680s BC

Category:13th-century establishments in the Kingdom of Sicily

Category:Dorian colonies in Magna Graecia

Category:Ancient Rhodes

Category:7th-century BC establishments in Italy

Category:Greek city-states

Category:Archaeological sites in Sicily