General German Workers' Association

File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R66693, Ferdinand Lassalle.jpg, founder of the ADAV]]

The ADAV was founded in Leipzig by Ferdinand Lassalle and twelve delegates from some of the most important cities in Germany, namely Barmen, Dresden, Düsseldorf, Elberfeld, Frankfurt am Main, Hamburg, Harburg, Cologne, Leipzig, Mainz and Solingen.

The ADAV sought to advance the interests of the working class and to work for the establishment of socialism by the use of electoral politics.Tom Goyens (2007). Beer and Revolution: The German Anarchist Movement in New York City, 1880–1914. Urbana, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. p. 65. Lassalle acted as president from 23 May 1863 until his death in a duel on 31 August 1864.

The unofficial organ of the ADAV was the newspaper Der Sozial-Demokrat (The Social Democrat), launching publication in Berlin on 15 December 1864.Vladimir Sazonov (1987). Footnotes to Marx-Engels Collected Works: Volume 42: Marx and Engels, 1864-68. New York: International Publishers. p. 599. fn. 80. The publication initially won promises of editorial contributions from the radical exiles Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, but the pair soon disfavored the notion owing to the allegiance of the Sozial-Demokrat and the ADAV to the memory and ideas of their nemesis Lassalle.Karl Marx in London to Carl Siebel in Elberfeld. Marx-Engels Collected Works: Volume 42. p. 58.

The ADAV had its first congress, called a General Assembly, in Düsseldorf on 27 December 1864.Sazonov. Footnotes to Marx-Engels Collected Works: Volume 42. p. 599, fn. 82. Marx and his associates had hoped that this gathering would cause the organization to join the newly established International Workingmen's Association (First International), which they helped manage, but the gathering did not discuss affiliation, further disaffecting Marx from the group.

Wilhelm Liebknecht was a member until 1865, but as the ADAV tried to cooperate with Otto von Bismarck's government, for example on the question of women's suffrage, Liebknecht became disillusioned with the association. He had been writing for Der Sozial-Demokrat, but as a result of disagreement with the newspaper's Prussia-friendly rhetoric he quit the organization to establish the Saxon People's Party along with August Bebel. In 1869, Liebknecht became a co-founder of the SDAP in Eisenach as a branch of the International Workingmen's Association.

Liebknecht was to meet again with his old ADAV colleagues as the lack of support for the ADAV caused them to join forces with Liebknecht's SDAP in 1875.

Together with the SDAP, the ADAV formed the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany at the Socialist Unity Conference in Gotha. The manifesto of the new organization was the Gotha Program, which urged "universal, equal, direct suffrage".

In 1890, the party was renamed the Social Democratic Party of Germany and it still exists under this name. The SDP now dates its origins to the founding of the ADAV and celebrated its 150th anniversary in the spring of 2013.Peter Schwarz (23 May 2013). [https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2013/05/23/spd-m23.html "The SPD Celebrates its 150th Anniversary"]. World Socialist Web Site.

{{Main|Lassallean General German Workers' Association}}

The Lasallean General German Workers' Association (LADAV) was a short-lived splinter party founded by Sophie von Hatzfeldt and Friedrich Wilhelm Emil Försterling in June 1867. Despite success when Försterling gained the Reichstag seat for the Chemnitz Reichstag constituency in the August 1867 election, the party passed out of existence after Försterling resigned his seat in April 1870 and died in 1872.{{cite web |title=Emil Försterling – SPD Chemnitz |url=http://stark-fuer-chemnitz.de/friedrich-wilhelm-emil-foersterling/ |website=stark-fuer-chemnitz |publisher=SPD Unterbezirk Chemnitz |access-date=20 August 2020 |language=de-DE |archive-date=24 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024203225/http://stark-fuer-chemnitz.de/friedrich-wilhelm-emil-foersterling/ |url-status=dead }}

• Ferdinand Lassalle (23 May 1863 – 31 August 1864)
• Otto Dammer (1 September – 2 November 1864)
• Bernhard Becker (2 November 1864 – 21 November 1869)
• Friedrich Wilhelm Fritzsche (21–30 November 1865)
• Hugo Hillmann (30 November – 31 December 1865)
• Carl Wilhelm Tölcke (1 January – 18 June 1866
• August Perl (18 June 1866 – 19 May 1867)
• Johann Baptist von Schweitzer (20 May 1867 – 30 June 1871)
• Fritz Mende (24 June – 4 July 1869)
• Wilhelm Hasenclever (1 July 1871 – 25 May 1875)

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