General Post Office, Dublin#History
{{Short description|Building in Dublin}}
{{Use Hiberno-English|date=September 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox building
| name = General Post Office
| native_name = Ard-Oifig an Phoist
| native_name_lang = ga
| former_names =
| alternate_names = GPO
| image = General Post Office Dublin 20060803.jpg
| image_alt =
| caption = The General Post Office in 2006
| map_type = Ireland Central Dublin
| map_alt = The General Post Office is in central Dublin.
| map_caption = Location in central Dublin
| altitude =
| building_type = Post office and administrative offices
| architectural_style = Greek Revival, neoclassical
| structural_system =
| cost = 50,000 pounds sterling
| ren_cost =
| client =
| owner = Office of public works
| current_tenants =
| landlord =
| location = O'Connell Street Lower
Dublin 1
D01 F5P2
| coordinates = {{Coord|53.349334|-6.261075|type:landmark_region:IE-L|display=title,inline}}
| start_date = 12 August 1814
| completion_date =
| inauguration_date = 6 January 1818
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| main_contractor =
| architect = Francis Johnston
| architecture_firm =
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}}
The General Post Office (GPO; {{langx|ga|Ard-Oifig an Phoist}}) is the former headquarters of {{Lang|GA|An Post}} — the Irish Post Office. It remains its registered office and the principal post office of Dublin[https://www.rte.ie/news/2023/0622/1390585-an-post-gpo/ An Post moves headquarters from GPO to new premises] RTÉ News, 2023-06-22. — the capital city of Ireland — and is situated in the centre of O'Connell Street, the city's main thoroughfare. It is one of Ireland's most famous buildings, not least because it served as the headquarters of the leaders of the Easter Rising against British rule in Ireland. It was the last great Georgian public building to be erected in the capital.
Architecture
File:GPO Portico - Morning.jpg, similar to those at King's Inns and the Irish Houses of Parliament, was removed after independence.]]
The foundation stone of the building, which was designed by Francis Johnston, was laid by the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Charles Whitworth, 1st Earl Whitworth, on 12 August 1814, attended by the Post-Masters-General, Charles O'Neill, 1st Earl O'Neill and Laurence Parsons, 2nd Earl of Rosse.{{cite book |last=Haydn |first=Joseph |title=The Book of Dignities |publisher=Longmans, Brown, Green and Longmans |year=1851 |location=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/bookdignitiesco00haydgoog/page/n484 461] |url=https://archive.org/details/bookdignitiesco00haydgoog }}{{cite book |last=M'Gregor |first=John James |year=1821 |title=Picture of Dublin:comprehending a history of the city; an accurate account of its various establishments and institutions and a correct description of all edifices connected with them |page=40 |location=Dublin |publisher=A. M Graham |url=https://archive.org/stream/newpictureofdubl00mcgr#page/40 }} The structure was completed in the short space of approximately three years at a cost (depending on sources) of between £50,000{{cite web|url = http://www.anpost.ie/AnPost/History+and+Heritage/Learning/Dublins+GPO/ | publisher = An Post | title = History & Heritage – Dublin's General Post Office | access-date = 23 November 2017 | quote = The whole building was built in less than 4 years at a cost of about £50,000 }} and £80,000.
The front elevation is 67.1 metres (220 ft) long. It features a portico (24.4 metres (80 ft) wide) of six fluted Ionic columns, 137.16 centimetres (54 inches) in diameter. The frieze of the entablature is highly enriched. The tympanum of the pediment originally carried the royal arms; following restoration in the 1920s, they were removed. On the acroteria of the pediment are three statues by John Smyth:{{cite web |url=http://archiseek.com/2010/1814-general-post-office-oconnell-street-dublin |publisher=Archiseek.com |title=Irish Architecture Online: 1814 – General Post Office, O'Connell Street, Dublin |access-date=28 November 2017 |year=2017}} when facing the building Mercury on the left, with his Caduceus and purse; Fidelity on the right, with a hound at her feet and a key held in her right hand (due to these features it is possible that the statue is in fact of Hecate); and Hibernia in the centre, resting on her spear and holding a harp. The entablature, with the exception of the architrave, is continued along the rest of the front; the frieze, however, is not decorated over the portico. A balustrade surmounts the cornice of the building, which is 15.2 metres (50 ft) from the ground.
With the exception of the portico, which is of Portland stone, the main building is of mountain granite. The elevation has three stories, of which the lower or basement is rusticated. The portico occupies the entire height of the structure.
{{Anchor|GPO Arcade}}The GPO Arcade is an art deco style shopping arcade at the rear of the complex, with access from Henry Street and Princes Street North.{{cite news |newspaper=The Irish Times |url-access=subscription |last=Fagan |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/commercial-property/leasehold-on-dublin-s-gpo-arcade-and-10-shops-for-sale-1.3671673 |title=Leasehold on Dublin's GPO Arcade and 10 shops for sale |date=24 October 2018 |first=Jack |access-date=14 May 2019}}{{cite web |url=https://www.independent.ie/business/personal-finance/i-made-a-few-thousand-selling-eircom-shares-37683590.html |date=6 January 2019 |title='I made a few thousand selling Eircom shares' |website=Independent.ie |access-date=14 May 2019}} It was built by the Office of Public Works following the Rising.{{cite web |date=11 January 2018 |access-date=14 May 2019 |website=Newstalk.com |url=https://www.newstalk.com/news/dublins-gpo-marks-200-years-in-business-516534 |title=Dublin's GPO Marks 200 years in business}} Local radio station, Millennium 88FM was based here.
History
File:1757 map Post Office in Cope Street Dublin.jpg building]]
The General Post Office in Ireland was first located in High Street in Dublin moving to Fishamble Street in 1689, to Sycamore Alley in 1709 and then in 1755 to Peter Bardin's Chocolate House at Fownes Court on the site where the Commercial Buildings used to be (later the Central Bank building).{{cite journal |title=Dublin Post Office |url=http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/1/2/5/9/12595/12595-h/12595-h.htm |via=Project Gutenberg |journal=The Mirror of Literature, Amusement and Instruction |date=1827 |volume=X |issue=272 |publisher=J. Limbird |location=London }}{{Cite book |title=The GPO - 200 Years of History |last=Ferguson |first=Stephen |publisher=Mercier Press |year=2014 |isbn=9781781172773 |location=Dublin |pages=14–41}} It was afterwards removed to a larger house opposite the Bank of Ireland building on College Green. On 6 January 1818, the new post office in Sackville Street (now O'Connell Street) was opened for business.{{cite news |last=McCarty |first=Denise |title=Bicentenary commemorative stamp honors Ireland's General Post Office |work=World Stamps |publisher=Linns Stamp News |date=23 January 2018 |url=https://www.linns.com/news/world-stamps-postal-history/2018/january/bicentenary-commemorative-ireland-gpo.html |access-date=25 March 2018 }}
During the Easter Rising of 1916, the GPO served as the headquarters of the uprising's leaders. It was from outside this building on 24 April 1916, that Patrick Pearse read out the Proclamation of the Irish Republic.{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/1916/1916-the-articles/easter-rising-day-1-rebels-on-the-streets-1.2575678|title=Easter Rising – Day 1: Rebels on the streets|newspaper=The Irish Times|access-date=2018-06-25|language=en-US}} The building was destroyed by fire in the course of the rebellion, save for the granite facade, and not rebuilt until 1929, by the Irish Free State government. An original copy of the Proclamation of the Irish Republic was displayed in the museum at the GPO.
The museum was closed at the end of May 2015 and replaced by a new visitor centre to commemorate the 1916 Rising, "GPO Witness History", in March 2016.{{cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/heritage/the-gpo-then-and-now-1.2488377|first=Darragh|last=Murphy|title=The GPO then and now|newspaper=The Irish Times|date=January 13, 2016|access-date=April 6, 2018}} The building has remained a symbol of Irish nationalism. In 1935, in commemoration of the Rising, a statue depicting the death of the mythical hero Cúchulainn sculpted by Oliver Sheppard in 1911 was installed at the command post in the centre of the GPO main hall and is now housed in the front of the building. The statue was featured on the Irish ten shilling coin of 1966, marking the fiftieth anniversary of the Rising. Despite its significance in the history of Irish independence, ground rent for the GPO continued to be paid to English and American landlords until the 1980s.{{cite web |title=Ceisteanna – Questions: Oral Answers – GPO Ground Rent |work=Dáil Éireann Debate Vol. 328 No. 15 |publisher=Oireachtas |date=19 May 1981 |url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1981-05-19/3/ |access-date=27 June 2021 }}
The broadcasting studios of 2RN, which later became Radio Éireann, were located at the GPO from 1928 until 1974.{{cite web | url=https://www.rte.ie/archives/exhibitions/681-history-of-rte/682-rte-1920s/|title=History of Raidió Teilifís Éireann|publisher = Raidió Teilifís Éireann|access-date=August 8, 2020}} Draws for Prize Bonds are held weekly, on Fridays, in the building.
Nelson's Pillar was located in the centre of O'Connell Street adjacent to the GPO, until it was destroyed by Irish republicans in an explosion in 1966. The Spire of Dublin was erected on the site of the Pillar in 2003.
The Hibernia statue was depicted on the obverse of a commemorative 2 euro coin marking the Centenary of the Easter Rising in 2016.{{cite news |last=Flaherty |first=Rachel |title=Commemorative €2 coin released to mark 1916 centenary |newspaper=The Irish Times |date=20 January 2016 |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/commemorative-2-coin-released-to-mark-1916-centenary-1.2503511 |access-date=20 July 2022 }}
The postal service {{lang|ga|An Post}} moved its headquarters from the General Post Office building to new premises at North Wall Quay in Dublin, in June 2023.
Images
File:DV405 no.196 Post Office, Dublin (brightened).png|The General Post Office c. 1830
File:DUBLIN(1837) p095 POST OFFICE.jpg|The GPO in an engraving from about 1831
File:Dublin UK.PNG|Before independence with a British flag flying. The adjacent Hotel Metropole was destroyed in 1916 during the Easter Rising.
File:The shell of the G.P.O. on Sackville Street after the Easter Rising (6937669789).jpg|The shell of the GPO after the Rising; Nelson's Pillar can be seen on the right.
File:Tostal1954.jpg|New Garda recruits march past the GPO, Tóstal 1954.
File:GPO Easter Rising Plaque.jpg|A plaque commemorating the Easter Rising at the GPO
File:Dublin General Post Office in 1964.jpg|1964 view from Nelson's Pillar
File:GPO-dublin-sign.jpg|A sign on the external wall of the General Post Office, with the building's name ({{langx|ga|Árd Oifig an Phuist}}) in traditional Gaelic script and using an older spelling that predates Irish orthography reforms of the 1960s
File:The General Post Office, Dublin - geograph.org.uk - 302291.jpg|The General Post Office in 2006
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category|General Post Office (Dublin)}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20071020234714/http://www.anpost.ie/AnPost/MainContent/About+An+Post/History+and+Heritage/GPO.htm An Post History and Heritage – The GPO Museum]
- {{Webarchive |title=The 1916 Rising by Norman Teeling |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730212850/http://www.normanteeling.com/rising.php |date=30 July 2020 }}—A ten-painting suite of events of the Easter Rising acquired for permanent display at the GPO
{{Irish governmental buildings}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Buildings and structures in Dublin (city)
Category:Government buildings completed in 1818
Category:Headquarters in Ireland
Category:History of Ireland (1801–1923)
Category:Post office buildings
Category:Republic of Ireland postal system
Category:20th-century architecture in the Republic of Ireland
Category:19th-century architecture in the Republic of Ireland