Generation 40

{{Short description|Political faction within ZANU-PF}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}

Generation 40 (G40) was a faction of the Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF), active during the 2010s. The G40 was an informal group of ZANU–PF politicians working on generation change by replacing the older officials of the party. The group promoted itself as the younger, savvy, and well educated ZANU–PF members. It was said to be led by Jonathan Moyo and ZANU–PF political commissar, Saviour Kasukuwere but fronted by Grace Mugabe,{{Cite news |url=http://www.newsweek.com/zimbabwe-president-grace-mugabe-robert-mugabe-654562 |title=Can Robert Mugabe's wife, Grace, still be president of Zimbabwe? |last=Gaffey |first=Conor |date=2017-08-24 |work=Newsweek |access-date=2017-11-15}}{{Cite news|url=http://fortune.com/2017/11/15/zimbabwe-coup-robert-mugabe/|title=What You Need To Know About the Coup in Zimbabwe That Could Oust Robert Mugabe|last=Meyer|first=David|date=2017-11-15|work=Fortune|access-date=2017-11-15|language=en}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/08/world/africa/zimbabwe-president-robert-mugabe-falters.html|title=Seeing President Mugabe's Frailty, Zimbabwe Braces for Turmoil|last1=Onishi|first1=Norimitsu|date=2016-05-07|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-11-15|last2=Chin’ono|first2=Hopewell|language=en-US}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2017/11/13/world/africa/ap-af-zimbabwe-politics-military.html|title=Zimbabwe Army Chief Criticizes Infighting in Ruling Party|date=2017-11-13|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-11-15|agency=The Associated Press|language=en-US}} the then First Lady of Zimbabwe.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-30307333|title=The polarising Grace Mugabe|date=2017-11-21|work=BBC News|access-date=2017-11-22|language=en-GB}}

Moyo has claimed he coined the term that was now wrongly used to refer to a ZANU–PF faction. He stated that he first used it in the state-controlled Sunday Mail in August 2011. He stated that he was referring to younger generation of all political affiliations and gender.{{cite news|url=https://iharare.com/jonathan-moyo-reveals-the-origin-of-the-term-generation-40/|title=Jonathan Moyo reveals the origin of the term 'Generation 40'|work=iHarare}}

Among some of those believed to have been linked to the group were the nephew of Robert Mugabe and the Youth and Indigenisation Minister Patrick Zhuwao,{{cite news|url=https://www.thestandard.co.zw/2016/12/04/mugabes-nephew-mauls-vp/|title=Mugabe's nephew mauls VP|last=Ncube|first=Xolisani|date=4 December 2016|work=The Standard|access-date=19 November 2017}} Sports Minister Makhosini Hlongwane, Deputy Minister of Public Service Tapiwa Matangaidze, Deputy Minister of Tourism Annastacia Ndhlovu,{{cite news|url=https://www.theindependent.co.zw/2016/01/08/ministers-face-zanu-pf-axe/|title=Ministers face Zanu PF axe|last=Mambo|first=Elias|date=8 January 2016|work=Zimbabwe Independent|access-date=19 November 2017}} Hurungwe East MP Sarah Mahoka, Manicaland former Provincial Affairs Minister and war veteran Mandiitawepi Chimene,{{cite news|url=https://www.thestandard.co.zw/2016/07/31/chimene-attacked-mnangagwa/|title=Chimene: Why I attacked Mnangagwa|last=Ncube|first=Xolisani|date=31 July 2016|work=The Standard|access-date=19 November 2017}} Vice-President Phelekezela Mphoko, Minister of Finance Ignatius Chombo, Foreign Minister Walter Mzembi, Minister of Energy and Power Development Samuel Undenge,{{cite news|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2017-11-19-newsflash-mugabe-removed-as-party-leader-wife-grace-banned-for-life/#.WhHdbRlX7qA|title=Newsflash: Mugabe removed as party leader, wife Grace banned for life|last=Manyowa|first=Maynard|date=19 November 2017|work=Daily Maverick|access-date=19 November 2017}} ZANU–PF's Mashonaland West chairman Keith Guzah,{{Cite web|url=http://www.newzimbabwe.com/news-26604-Croc%20rocked%20as%20ally%20minister%20gets%20the%20boot/news.aspx|title=Croc rocked as ally minister gets the boot|date=14 December 2015|website=New Zimbabwe|access-date=2017-11-19|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201033526/http://www.newzimbabwe.com/news-26604-Croc%20rocked%20as%20ally%20minister%20gets%20the%20boot/news.aspx|url-status=dead}} Commissioner General of the Police Augustine Chihuri,{{cite news|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFKBN1DF1CT-OZATP|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115142758/http://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFKBN1DF1CT-OZATP|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 November 2017|title=FACT BOX: Key figures in Zimbabwe First Lady Grace Mugabe's 'G40' faction|last=Cropley|first=Ed|date=15 November 2017|work=Reuters Africa|access-date=19 November 2017}} Masvingo Provincial Affairs Minister Paul Chimedza, Minister of State for Bulawayo Eunice Sandi Moyo, former ZANU–PF Youth League leader Kudzai Chipanga,{{cite news|url=http://nehandaradio.com/2017/11/19/list-of-people-expelled-by-zanu-pf/|title=List of people expelled by Zanu-PF|date=19 November 2017|work=Nehanda Radio|access-date=19 November 2017}} Youth League financial secretary Tongai Kasukuwere, political commissar Innocent Hamandishe, secretary for external affairs Mphehlabayo Malinga{{cite news|url=http://www.harare24.com/index-id-News-zk-50248.html|title=Zanu-PF youths jostle for Chipanga's post|date=13 September 2016|work=Harare24|access-date=19 November 2017}} and women’s league secretary for administration Letina Undenge.{{cite news|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/special-features/zimbabwe/zimbabwe-military-continues-purge-of-criminal-elements-12044972|title=Zimbabwe military continues purge of 'criminal elements'|last=Frykberg|first=Mel|date=17 November 2017|work=Independent Online|access-date=19 November 2017}}

By 19 November 2017, many members of the G40 were expelled from ZANU–PF.{{Cite web|url=https://www.enca.com/africa/names-who-got-expelled-from-zanu-pf|title=Named: Just who got expelled from Zanu PF?|date=19 November 2017|website=eNCA|language=en|access-date=24 November 2017}} This was a result of the coup d'état which also led to the resignation of Robert Mugabe as President on 21 November 2017.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-42071488|title=Zimbabwe's Robert Mugabe resigns, ending 37-year rule|work=BBC News|date=21 November 2017}} Godwin Matanga replaced Augustine Chihuri as the Commissioner-General of Police, with Chihuri retiring.{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-zimbabwe-politics-chiwenga/zimbabwe-military-chief-looks-set-for-vice-presidency-idUSKBN1EC1TR|title=Zimbabwe military chief looks set for vice presidency|publisher=Reuters}} Generation 40 is rivaled with the Lacoste group within the ZANU–PF which is allied with current President Emmerson Mnangagwa.