Genetic admixture

{{Short description|Result of interbreeding between two or more previously isolated populations within a species}}

Genetic admixture occurs when previously isolated populations interbreed resulting in a population that is descended from multiple sources. It can occur between species, such as with hybrids, or within species, such as when geographically distant individuals migrate to new regions. It results in gene pool that is a mix of the source populations.{{cite journal | last1=Korunes | first1=Katharine L. | last2=Goldberg | first2=Amy | title=Human genetic admixture | journal=PLOS Genetics | publisher=Public Library of Science (PLoS) | volume=17 | issue=3 | date=2021-03-11 | issn=1553-7404 | doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1009374 | page=e1009374 | doi-access=free | pmid=33705374 | pmc=7951803 }}{{cite journal |author1=Rius, M. |author2=Darling, J.A. |title=How important is intraspecific genetic admixture to the success of colonising populations? |year=2014 |journal=Trends in Ecology & Evolution |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=233−242 |doi=10.1016/j.tree.2014.02.003 |pmid=24636862|bibcode=2014TEcoE..29..233R }}{{cite journal |last1=Yang |first1=Melinda A. |last2=Fu |first2=Qiaomei |title=Insights into Modern Human Prehistory Using Ancient Genomes |journal=Trends in Genetics |date=March 2018 |volume=34 |issue=3 |pages=184–196 6y |doi=10.1016/j.tig.2017.11.008 |pmid=29395378}}

Examples

Climatic cycles facilitate genetic admixture in cold periods and genetic diversification in warm periods.{{cite journal |vauthors=Lv X, Cheng J, Meng Y, Chang Y, Xia L, Wen Z, Ge D, Liu S, Yang Q |year=2018 |title=Disjunct distribution and distinct intraspecific diversification of Eothenomys melanogaster in South China |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |volume=18 |issue=1 |page=50 |doi=10.1186/s12862-018-1168-3 |pmid=29636000 |pmc=5894153 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2018BMCEE..18...50L }}

Natural flooding can cause genetic admixture within populations of migrating fish species.{{cite journal |author1=Jaisuk, C. |author2=Senanan, W. |year=2018 |title=Effects of landscape features on population genetic variation of a tropical stream fish, Stone lapping minnow, Garra cambodgiensis, in the upper Nan River drainage basin, northern Thailand |journal=PeerJ |volume=6 |page=e4487|doi=10.7717/peerj.4487 |pmid=29568710 |pmc=5845392 |doi-access=free }}

Genetic admixture may have an important role for the success of populations that colonise a new area and interbreed with individuals of native populations.{{cite journal |vauthors=Kolbe JJ, Larson A, Losos JB, de Queiroz K |year=2008 |title=Admixture determines genetic diversity and population differentiation in the biological invasion of a lizard species |journal=Biology Letters |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=434−437 |doi=10.1098/rsbl.2008.0205 |pmid=18492644 |pmc=2610154}}

Mapping

Admixture mapping is a method of gene mapping that uses a population of mixed ancestry (an admixed population) to find the genetic loci that contribute to differences in diseases or other phenotypes found between the different ancestral populations. The method is best applied to populations with recent admixture from two populations that were previously genetically isolated. The method attempts to correlate the degree of ancestry near a genetic locus with the phenotype or disease of interest. Genetic markers that differ in frequency between the ancestral populations are needed across the genome.{{cite journal |last1=Shriver |first1=MD |display-authors=etal |title=Skin pigmentation, biogeographical ancestry and admixture mapping |journal=Human Genetics |date=April 2003 |volume=112 |issue=4 |pages=387–99 |doi=10.1007/s00439-002-0896-y |pmid=12579416 |s2cid=7877572 }}

Admixture mapping is based on the assumption that differences in disease rates or phenotypes are due in part to differences in the frequencies of disease-causing or phenotype-causing genetic variants between populations. In an admixed population, these causal variants occur more frequently on chromosomal segments inherited from one or another ancestral population. The first admixture scans were published in 2005 and since then genetic contributors to a variety of disease and trait differences have been mapped.{{Cite journal |doi=10.1146/annurev-genom-082509-141523 |last1=Winkler |first1=C. A. |last2=Nelson |first2=G. W. |last3=Smith |first3=M. W. |title=Admixture mapping comes of age |journal=Annu Rev Genom Hum Genet |volume=11 |pages=65–89 |year=2010 |pmid=20594047 |pmc=7454031 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1234977 }} By 2010, high-density mapping panels had been constructed for African Americans, Latino/Hispanics, and Uyghurs.

Genetic admixture

Examples

Mapping

See also

References

Further reading