Geneva Rules
{{distinguish | Geneva Conventions}}
The Geneva Rules are the rules established by the International Chemistry Committee in 1892. These rules were the beginning of international cooperation for organic chemistry nomenclature.{{Cite book|title=Nomenclature of Organic Compounds|date=1974-06-01|publisher=AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY|isbn=978-0841201910|series=Advances in Chemistry|volume=126|pages=1–5|doi=10.1021/ba-1974-0126.ch001|chapter=Origin and Evolution of Organic Nomenclature|url=https://archive.org/details/nomenclatureofor0000flet/page/1}} They were decided upon by a group of 34 of leading chemists from 9 different European nations. Their goal was to provide rules for the naming of aliphatic compounds, some of which are still in place today such as the longest chain provides the parent name and a functional group is indicated by a suffix. They also intended to extend the rules to include naming schemes for cyclic compounds however this did not occur.
The rules
The Geneva rules for nomenclature were described in 62 paragraphs.{{Cite journal|last=Evieux|first=E. A.|title=The Geneva Congress on Organic Nomenclature, 1892|journal=Journal of Chemical Education|language=en|volume=31|issue=6|pages=326|doi=10.1021/ed031p326|bibcode=1954JChEd..31..326E|year=1954}} Some of these rules were:
- Saturated hydrocarbons would have names ending in -ane.
- The traditional names of the first 4 in the series was to be kept (methane, ethane, propane and butane)
- Longer chains were to have their names derived from the appropriate Greek numeral e.g. pent (pentane), hex (hexane) etc.
- When naming compounds with side chains the name would be determined by the longest straight chain with a substituted group e.g. methyl propane (CH3CH(CH3)CH3)
- The endings ene and ine were indicative of the presence of a double and triple bond respectively.
- For closed chain hydrocarbons the term "cyclo" was to be used meaning what was known as hexamethylene (C6H12) would now be called cyclohexane{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kwQQaltqByAC&q=TIEMANN%2C+26%2C+1595+1893&pg=PA347|title=Historical Studies in the Language of Chemistry|last=Crosland|first=Maurice P.|date=2004|publisher=Courier Corporation|isbn=9780486438023|language=en}}
Attendees
| class="wikitable"
|+ (incomplete) list of attendees !Name !City |
| Ph. Barbier
|Lyons |
| E.Paterno
|Palermo |
| C.Graebe
|Geneva |
| A Von Baeyer
|Munich |
| S. Cannizzaro
|Rome |
| Ch.Friedel
|Paris |
| A. Lieben
|Vienna |
| J.Gladstone
|London |
| A.Cossa
|Turin |
| W. M. Ramsay
|London |
| H.Armstron
|London |
| A.Haller
|Nancy |
| P.Cazeneuve
|Lyons |
| E. Fischer
|Wurzburg |
| A. Le Bel
|Paris |
Further reading
{{Cite journal|last=Evieux|first=E. A.|date=1954-06-01|title=The Geneva Congress on Organic Nomenclature, 1892|journal=Journal of Chemical Education|volume=31|issue=6|pages=326|doi=10.1021/ed031p326|issn=0021-9584|bibcode=1954JChEd..31..326E}}
{{Cite journal|last=Hepler-Smith|first=Evan|date=2015-02-01|title="Just as the Structural Formula Does": Names, Diagrams, and the Structure of Organic Chemistry at the 1892 Geneva Nomenclature Congress|journal=Ambix|volume=62|issue=1|pages=1–28|doi=10.1179/1745823414y.0000000006|pmid=26173340|s2cid=910247|issn=0002-6980}}