Genome informatics
Genome Informatics (also genoinformatics or genetic information processing){{Cite journal|last=Patel|first=A.|title=Why genetic information processing could have a quantum basis|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11426050/|journal=Journal of Biosciences|year=2001|volume=26|issue=2|pages=145–151|doi=10.1007/BF02703638|issn=0250-5991|pmid=11426050|arxiv=quant-ph/0105001|bibcode=2001quant.ph..5001P|s2cid=12348859}} is a scientific study of information processing in genomes.
Introduction
Information processing and information flow occur in the course of an organism's development and throughout its lifespan.{{Cite journal|last1=Bajic|first1=Vladimir B|last2=Wee|first2=Tan Tin|title=Information Processing and Living Systems|url=https://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/p391|journal=Series on Advances in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology|year=2005|volume=2|language=en|doi=10.1142/p391|isbn=978-1-86094-563-2|issn=1751-6404|url-access=subscription}} The essence of computation is information processing, and the essence of biological information processing is control of the molecular events inside a cell.{{Cite journal|last=Wills|first=Peter R.|date=2016-03-13|title=DNA as information|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences|volume=374|issue=2063|pages=20150417|doi=10.1098/rsta.2015.0417|pmid=26857666|bibcode=2016RSPTA.37450417W|doi-access=free|hdl=2292/33048|hdl-access=free}} Genome informatics introduces computational techniques and applies them to derive information from genome sequences.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nature.com/subjects/genome-informatics|title=Genome informatics - Latest research and news {{!}} Nature|website=www.nature.com|access-date=2020-04-20}} Genome informatics includes methods to analyze DNA sequence information and to predict protein sequence and structure. Methods of studying a large genomic data include variant-calling, transcriptomic analysis, and variant interpretation.{{Cite web|title=Genome Informatics (Virtual Conference)|url=https://coursesandconferences.wellcomegenomecampus.org/our-events/genome-informatics-2020/|website=Wellcome Genome Campus Advanced Courses and Scientific Conferences|language=en-US|access-date=2020-11-14|archive-date=2021-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227153010/https://coursesandconferences.wellcomegenomecampus.org/our-events/genome-informatics-2020/|url-status=dead}} Genome informatics can analyze DNA sequence information and to predict protein sequence and structure. Genome informatics dealing with{{Cite web|url=https://meetings.cshl.edu/meetings.aspx?meet=INFO&year=19|title=Genome Informatics {{!}} CSHL|website=meetings.cshl.edu|access-date=2020-04-20}} microbial and metagenomics, sequencing algorithms, variant discovery and genome assembly, evolution, complex traits and phylogenetics, personal and medical genomics, transcriptomics, genome structure and function. Genoinformatics refers to genome and chromosome dynamics, quantitative biology and modeling, molecular and cellular pathologies.{{Cite web|url=https://www.ijm.fr/en/889/epole-of-genoinformatics.htm|title=ePole of GenoInformatics|website=www.ijm.fr|language=fr|access-date=2020-04-21|archive-date=2022-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108004429/https://www.ijm.fr/en/889/epole-of-genoinformatics.htm|url-status=dead}} Genome informatics also includes the field of genome design. There still a lot more we can do and develop in Genome Informatics. Find a potential disease, searching a solution for a disease, or proving why people get sick for no reason. For genomic informatics there are several main applications for it, including:
- computational modelling of gene regulatory networks{{Cite journal|last1=Bajic|first1=Vladimir B|last2=Wee|first2=Tan Tin|title=Information Processing and Living Systems|url=https://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/p391|journal=Series on Advances in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology|year=2005|volume=2|language=en|doi=10.1142/p391|isbn=978-1-86094-563-2|issn=1751-6404|url-access=subscription}}
- models for complex eukaryotic regulatory DNA sequences
- an algorithm for Ab Initio DNA Motif Detection
Applications
{{Main|DNA computing}}
Biomolecular systems that can process information are sought for computational applications, because of their potential for parallelism and miniaturization and because their biocompatibility also makes them suitable for future biomedical applications. DNA has been used to design machines, motors, finite automata, logic gates, reaction networks and logic programs, amongst many other structures and dynamic behaviours.{{Cite journal|last1=Santini|first1=Cristina Costa|last2=Bath|first2=Jonathan|last3=Turberfield|first3=Andrew J.|last4=Tyrrell|first4=Andy M.|date=2012-04-23|title=A DNA Network as an Information Processing System|journal=International Journal of Molecular Sciences|volume=13|issue=4|pages=5125–5137|doi=10.3390/ijms13045125|issn=1422-0067|pmc=3344270|pmid=22606034|doi-access=free }}
See also
References
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