Genomoviridae
{{Short description|Family of viruses}}
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Genomoviridae is a family of single stranded DNA viruses that mainly infect fungi. The genomes of this family are small (2.2–2.4 kilobases in length). The genomes are circular single-stranded DNA and encode rolling-circle replication initiation proteins (Rep) and unique capsid proteins. In Rep-based phylogenies, genomoviruses form a sister clade to plant viruses of the family Geminiviridae. Ten genera are recognized in this family.{{cite journal | vauthors = Varsani A, Krupovic M | title = Family Genomoviridae: 2021 taxonomy update | journal = Archives of Virology | volume = 166 | issue = 10 | pages = 2911–2926 | date = October 2021 | pmid = 34331585 | doi = 10.1007/s00705-021-05183-y | doi-access = free }}
The family name is an acronym derived from geminivirus-like, no movement protein.
The genus name Gemycircularvirus stands for Gemini-like myco-infecting circular virus.{{cite journal | vauthors = Rosario K, Dayaram A, Marinov M, Ware J, Kraberger S, Stainton D, Breitbart M, Varsani A | display-authors = 6 | title = Diverse circular ssDNA viruses discovered in dragonflies (Odonata: Epiprocta) | journal = The Journal of General Virology | volume = 93 | issue = Pt 12 | pages = 2668–2681 | date = December 2012 | pmid = 22915694 | doi = 10.1099/vir.0.045948-0 | doi-access = free | authorlink7 = Mya Breitbart }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Yu X, Li B, Fu Y, Jiang D, Ghabrial SA, Li G, Peng Y, Xie J, Cheng J, Huang J, Yi X | display-authors = 6 | title = A geminivirus-related DNA mycovirus that confers hypovirulence to a plant pathogenic fungus | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 107 | issue = 18 | pages = 8387–8392 | date = May 2010 | pmid = 20404139 | pmc = 2889581 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0913535107 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2010PNAS..107.8387Y }} Sclerotinia sclerotiorum hypovirulence associated DNA virus 1 (ssHADV-1), of the genus Gemycircularvirus, was the first cultivated member of the family.{{cite journal | vauthors = Krupovic M, Ghabrial SA, Jiang D, Varsani A | title = Genomoviridae: a new family of widespread single-stranded DNA viruses | journal = Archives of Virology | volume = 161 | issue = 9 | pages = 2633–2643 | date = September 2016 | pmid = 27343045 | doi = 10.1007/s00705-016-2943-3 | doi-access = free }} Most other genomoviruses are uncultivated and have been discovered using metagenomics techniques, although more genomoviruses are being isolated as interest grows.{{cite journal | vauthors = Varsani A, Krupovic M | title = Sequence-based taxonomic framework for the classification of uncultured single-stranded DNA viruses of the family Genomoviridae | journal = Virus Evolution | volume = 3 | issue = 1 | pages = vew037 | date = January 2017 | pmid = 28458911 | pmc = 5399927 | doi = 10.1093/ve/vew037 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Feng C, Feng J, Wang Z, Pedersen C, Wang X, Saleem H, Domier L, Marzano SL | display-authors = 6 | title = Identification of the Viral Determinant of Hypovirulence and Host Range in Sclerotiniaceae of a Genomovirus Reconstructed from the Plant Metagenome | journal = Journal of Virology | volume = 95 | issue = 17 | pages = e0026421 | date = August 2021 | pmid = 34132570 | pmc = 8354332 | doi = 10.1128/jvi.00264-21 }}
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Taxonomy
Virology
These viruses have circular single-stranded genomes of 2.1–2.2 kilobases in length. All but one genomovirids contain monopartite genomes, whereas the genome of Fusarium graminearum gemytripvirus 1 (genus Gemytripvirus) consists of three segments.{{cite journal | vauthors = Li P, Wang S, Zhang L, Qiu D, Zhou X, Guo L | title = A tripartite ssDNA mycovirus from a plant pathogenic fungus is infectious as cloned DNA and purified virions | journal = Science Advances | volume = 6 | issue = 14 | pages = eaay9634 | date = April 2020 | pmid = 32284975 | pmc = 7138691 | doi = 10.1126/sciadv.aay9634 | s2cid = 215746433 | bibcode = 2020SciA....6.9634L }} The monopartite genomes encode two proteins—a Rep (replicator) and a CP (capsid) protein. The Rep protein is most closely similar to the Rep protein of the Geminiviridae. In contrast, the CP protein shows no homology to the CP of geminiviruses.
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