Genu recurvatum

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The following factors may be involved in causing this deformity:{{citation needed|date=September 2020}}

• Inherent laxity of the knee ligaments
• Weakness of biceps femoris muscle
• Instability of the knee joint due to ligaments and joint capsule injuries
• Inappropriate alignment of the tibia and femur
• Malunion of the bones around the knee
• Weakness in the hip extensor muscles
• Gastrocnemius muscle weakness (in standing position)
• Upper motor neuron lesion (for example, hemiplegia as the result of a cerebrovascular accident)
• Lower motor neuron lesion (for example, in post-polio syndrome)
• Deficit in joint proprioception
• Lower limb length discrepancy
• Congenital genu recurvatum
• Cerebral palsy
• Muscular dystrophy
• Limited dorsiflexion (plantar flexion contracture)
• Popliteus muscle weakness
• Connective tissue disorders. In these disorders, there are excessive joint mobility (joint hypermobility) problems. These disorders include:
• Marfan syndrome
• Loeys–Dietz syndrome
• Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
• Benign hypermobile joint syndrome
• Osteogenesis imperfecta disease

The most important factors of knee stability include:{{citation needed|date=September 2020}}

• Ligaments of the knee: The knee joint is stabilized by four main ligaments:
• Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The ACL has an important role in stabilization of knee extension movement by preventing the knee from hyperextending.
• Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
• Medial collateral ligament (MCL)
• Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
• Joint capsule or articular capsule (especially posterior knee capsule)
• Quadriceps femoris muscle
• Appropriate alignment of the femur and tibia (especially in knee extension position )

Treatment generally includes the following:{{citation needed|date=September 2020}}

• Sometimes pharmacologic therapy for initial disease treatment
• Physical therapy: physiotherapy will be beneficial in patient with complaint of pain, discomfort.
• Occupational therapy
• Use of appropriate assistive devices such as orthoses
• Surgery

This condition is considered to be rare, with about 1 in 100,000 births being affected by the congenital form of genu recurvatum,{{Cite web|date=2013-02-07|title=Congenital Genu Recurvatum|url=https://www.medicalbag.com/home/features/profile-in-rare-diseases/congenital-genu-recurvatum/|access-date=2021-11-05|website=Medical Bag|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105204329/https://www.medicalbag.com/home/features/profile-in-rare-diseases/congenital-genu-recurvatum/|archive-date=5 November 2021|language=en-US}} although it's a common feature in some disorders, such as in joint hypermobility, which affects 1 in 30 people.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ehlers-danlos-syndromes/|title=Ehlers-Danlos syndromes|date=18 October 2017|website=nhs.uk}}

• Genu varum
• Genu valgum
• Hypermobility

{{reflist}}

• [http://www.oandp.org/jpo/library/1997_04_163.asp The American Academy of Orthotists and Prosthetists]
• [http://www.ped-rheum.com/content/7/1/1 The differential diagnosis of children with joint hypermobility: a review of the literature]
• [http://www.oandp.org/jpo/library/1998_02_026.asp The American Academy of Orthotists and Prosthetists]

{{commons category|Genu recurvatum}}

{{Medical resources

| DiseasesDB =

| ICD10 = M21.8, Q68.2

| ICD9 = {{ICD9|736.5}}, {{ICD9|754.40}}

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{{Acquired musculoskeletal deformities}}

{{Congenital malformations and deformations of musculoskeletal system}}

Category:Rheumatology

Category:Orthopedic problems

Category:Knee injuries and disorders

Category:Rare diseases