Geoffrey Burnstock

{{Infobox scientist

|name = Geoffrey Burnstock

|honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=AUS|size=100%|AC|FAA|FRS}}

|image = Geoffrey Burnstock.png

|image_size =

|caption =

|birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1929|05|10}}

|birth_place = London, England

|death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2020|6|2|1929|05|10}}

|death_place = Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

|nationality = Australian

|ethnicity =

|fields = Purinergic signalling

|workplaces = UCL Medical School

|alma_mater = King's College London
University College London

|doctoral_advisor =

|doctoral_students =

|known_for =

|awards = Royal Medal (2000)
FRS (1986)

|religion =

|signature =

|footnotes =

| children = Aviva Burnstock

}}

Geoffrey Burnstock {{post-nominals|country=AUS|AC|FAA|FRS|FBPhS|FMedSci}} (10 May 1929 – 2 June 2020) was a neurobiologist and President of the Autonomic Neuroscience Centre of the UCL Medical School. He is best known for coining the term purinergic signalling, which he discovered in the 1970s.{{cite web|last=Lewis Wolpert|title=Lewis Wolpert: The Sceptical Inquirer|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/lewis-wolpert-the-sceptical-inquirer-305005.html|work=The Independent|access-date=29 November 2013|date=10 August 2005|quote=He coined the term "purinergic signalling" in 1972 in a key paper that has since been cited more than 2,000 times by other key scientists.}} He retired in October 2017 at the age of 88.

Life and career

Burnstock was educated at Greenford County School, King's College London (BSc, 1953) and at University College London (PhD, 1957). He played a key role in the discovery of ATP as neurotransmitter.{{Cite web|url=https://clockss.org/triggered-content/molecular-interventions/|title=Molecular Interventions|accessdate=25 June 2023}} He was appointed to a Senior Lectureship in Melbourne University in 1959 and became Professor and Chairman of Zoology in 1964.

In 1975, he became Head of Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology at UCL and Convenor of the Center of Neuroscience. He has been Director of the Autonomic Neuroscience Institute at the Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine since 1997. He was elected to the Australian Academy of Science in 1971, the Royal Society{{Cite journal|last1=North|first1=R. Alan|last2=Costa|first2=Marcello|date=2021|title=Geoffrey Burnstock. 10 May 1929—3 June 2020|journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society|volume=71|pages=37–58 |doi=10.1098/rsbm.2021.0016 |s2cid=237154763 |doi-access=free}} in 1986, the International Academy of Science, Munich, the Academy of Medical Sciences in 1998 and an Honorary Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons and the Royal College of Physicians in 1999 and 2000. He was awarded the Royal Society Gold Medal in 2000. Within his research field, he has been recognised through appointments as the first president of the International Society for Autonomic Neuroscience and his role as editor in chief of the scientific journal Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical.{{cite web |title=History of the society |url=http://autonomicneuroscience.info/ISAN/History.html |work=Official website |publisher=International Society for Autonomic Neuroscience |access-date=24 April 2014 |archive-date=6 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606233946/http://autonomicneuroscience.info/ISAN/History.html |url-status=dead }}{{cite journal| last=Koizumi |first=K. |author2=Vassalle, M. |title=Chandler McCluskey Brooks |journal=Biographical Memoirs |volume=91 |series=Office of the Home Secretary, National Academy of Sciences, National Academies Press |page=67 |url=http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/brooks-chandler-mcc.pdf}}

He supervised over 100 PhD and MD students and published over 1400 original papers, reviews and books. He was first in the Institute of Scientific Information list of most cited scientists in Pharmacology and Toxicology from 1994–2004.

Burnstock was editor-in-chief of the Purinergic Signalling journal.{{cite web|title=Geoffrey Burnstock|url=http://www.iups2013.org/scientific-programme/prize-and-keynote-lectures/geoffrey-burnstock|publisher=International Congress of Physiological Sciences|access-date=4 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203041100/http://www.iups2013.org/scientific-programme/prize-and-keynote-lectures/geoffrey-burnstock|archive-date=3 December 2013|url-status=dead}} He was an atheist.{{cite web|url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/ani/Prof/Most%20Highly%20Cited%20Scientist.pdf |title=Interview with Geoffrey Burnstock|date=August 2004

|website=ucl.ac.uk|access-date=25 June 2023}}

Burnstock was awarded the 2017 Australian Academy of Science's Macfarlane Burnet Medal in recognition of his outstanding scientific research in the biological science.{{Cite web|url=https://www.science.org.au/news-and-events/news-and-media-releases/macfarlane-burnet-medal-awarded-smooth-muscle-man|title=Macfarlane Burnet Medal awarded to 'Smooth Muscle Man' {{!}} Australian Academy of Science|website=www.science.org.au|access-date=2017-10-04}}

He died on 2 June 2020 at the age of 91.{{cite news |title=Geoffrey Burnstock obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/jun/19/geoffrey-burnstock-obituary |access-date=16 July 2020 |work=The Guardian |date=19 June 2020 }}

Legacy

His lasting work with ATP-related signalling was first published in the 1970s, which led to a rapid surge in interest in the field and subsequently made him the most cited scientist in pharmacology and toxicology for several years during the 2000s. Much of our understanding of purinergic signalling and the current classification of purinergic receptors is attributed to the work of Burnstock.{{cite journal|last=Di Virgilio|first=F.|title=Purines, Purinergic Receptors, and Cancer|journal=Cancer Research|date=22 October 2012|volume=72|issue=21|pages=5441–5447|doi=10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-1600|url=http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/72/21/5441.long|quote=Indeed, we owe our present understanding of purinergic signaling and the current classification of P2 receptors to Geoff Burnstock's stubborn activity and enthusiasm|pmid=23090120|doi-access=free}} He was the founding president of the International Society for Autonomic Neuroscience.

According to The New York Times, Burnstock is recognised as "the scientist who brought ATP into the realm of brain research."{{cite web|author=Sandra Blakeslee|author-link=Sandra Blakeslee|title=Finding a New Messenger for the Brain's Signals to the Body|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/08/11/science/finding-a-new-messenger-for-the-brain-s-signals-to-the-body.html|work=The New York Times|access-date=29 November 2013|date=11 August 1992}}