Geographical centre of Scotland
{{Short description|Geographical center in Perth and Kinross, Scotland, UK}}
File:Northbound Carriageway of the A9 - geograph.org.uk - 330275.jpg
There is some debate as to the location of the geographical centre of Scotland. This is due to different methods of calculating the centre, and whether surrounding islands are included.
Centre of gravity method
In 2002, the Ordnance Survey calculated the centre using a mathematical centre of gravity method. This is the mathematical equivalent of calculating the point at which a cardboard cut-out of Scotland could be perfectly balanced on the tip of a pin. It becomes complicated when the islands are included so one simplification is just to ignore them.
File:Eastern Slopes of Dun Coillich - geograph.org.uk - 329149.jpg]]
The Ordnance Survey calculated that the centre of Mainland Scotland is at {{gbmappingsmall|NN7673153751}} ({{coord|56|39|33.86|N|4|0|40.37|W|type:landmark_region:GB_source:enwiki-osgb36(NN7673153751)|name=Centre of mainland Scotland}}). The point is 5 km east of the mountain of Schiehallion, which is sometimes claimed to be at the centre of Scotland.
Including islands
The centre point including islands was found to be at {{gbmapping|NN6678471599}} ({{coord|56|49.0153|N|4|10.959|W|type:landmark_region:GB_source:enwiki-osgb36(NN6678471599)|name=Geographic centre of Scotland|display=inline,title}}). This is on a hillside in Glen Garry, near the Pass of Drumochter.{{cite news|last1=Haran|first1=Brady|title=Brave hearts of Scotland|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/2271926.stm|accessdate=20 May 2017|agency=BBC News Online|date=24 October 2002}}https://inaccessibility.net/great-britain Poles of Inaccessibility
Nearby, it is claimed that the centre lies a few miles from the village of Newtonmore, Badenoch. It is marked by a stone set into a wall.http://www.newtonmore.com/our-community/centre-of-scotland.html Ordnance Survey Plaques
Latitude and longitude
Another cruder method is to take the intersection between the line of latitude midway between the most northerly and southerly points on the Scottish mainland, and the line of longitude midway between the most easterly and westerly points. In the days when Corrachadh Mòr in Ardnamurchan was undisputedly the most westerly point, this also produced 56 degrees 39 minutes N, 4 degrees 0 minutes W, very near the summit of Schiehallion.
However the construction of the Skye Bridge, arguably turning Skye into part of the Scottish mainland, may have upset some of these calculations.
Megalithic centre
File:Faskally Cottages - geograph.org.uk - 1249386.jpg
Less credible candidates for the centre of Scotland also exist. The Society of Antiquaries of Scotland in 1908 suggested the megalithic Faskally Cottages Standing Stones.{{cite news|last1=McCredie|first1=Alan|title=100 Weeks of Scotland: The 'middle' of Scotland|url=http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/culture/art/100-weeks-of-scotland-the-middle-of-scotland-1-3140314|accessdate=20 May 2017|agency=The Scotsman|date=14 October 2014}} The Society were aware of other contenders of the centre of Scotland: "Various spots have been so designated: a site at Struan, several miles to the N.W. of Faskally; also a house on the Killiecrankie road, being the most talked of besides a house in the Fair City of Perth itself."{{cite book|last1=Society of Antiquaries of Scotland|title=Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland|date=1908|publisher=Printed for the Society by Neill and Company|location=Edinburgh|pages=113–121|edition=Vol XLII|url=https://archive.org/stream/proceedingssoci20scotgoog#page/n165/mode/2up/search/centre+of+Scotland}}
Historic centre
File:Britannienkarte des Matthew Paris.jpg
Matthew Paris's map of 1247 shows a clear north–south divide to Scotland. Proverbially Stirling is the strategically important "Gateway to the Highlands". It has been said that "Stirling, like a huge brooch clasps Highlands and Lowlands together".{{cite book|last1=Smith|first1=Alexander|title=quotation 1856|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cI_YBAAAQBAJ&dq=alexander+smith+stirling+brooch&pg=PT27|website=quoted in The Story of Stirling by Bruce Durie chapter 2|date=3 November 2014 |publisher=The History Press|isbn=9780750960403 |accessdate=3 April 2017}}{{cite book|last1=Smith|first1=Alexander|title=A summer in Skye|date=1865|publisher=Sampson Low, Marston|location=London|url=https://archive.org/stream/summerinskye00smit#page/46/mode/2up/search/brooch|accessdate=6 April 2017|author1-link=Alexander Smith (poet)}} There is also and east–west divide as told in the story as recorded by Boece who relates that in 855 Scotland was invaded by two Northumbrian princes, Osbrecht and Ella.{{cite book|last1=Nimmo|first1=William|last2=Gillespie|first2=Robert|title=The history of Stirlingshire|date=1880|publisher=Thomas D. Morison|location=Glasgow|pages=63–64|url=https://archive.org/stream/historyofstirlin01nimm#page/64/mode/1up/search/osbrecht|accessdate=7 April 2017}} They united their Northumberian Anglian forces with the Lowland Strathclyde Britons in order to defeat the Highland Pictish Scots. Having secured Stirling castle, they built the first stone bridge over the Forth. On the top they reportedly raised a crucifix with the inscription: "Anglos, a Scotis separat, crux ista remotis; Arma hic stant Bruti; stant Scoti hac sub cruce tuti."{{cite book|last1=Stewart|first1=William|last2=Turnbull (ed.)|first2=William B.|title=The buik of the croniclis of Scotland : or, A metrical version of the History of Hector Boece|date=1858|publisher=Published by the authority of the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury, under the direction of the Master of the Rolls - Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts|pages=441–442|url=https://archive.org/stream/buikofcroniclis02boec#page/442/mode/1up/search/Anglos|accessdate=14 April 2017}} It may be the stone cross was a tripoint for the three kingdom's borders or marches.{{cite book|last1=Shearer|first1=John Elliot|title=Shearer's Stirling : historical and descriptive, with extracts from Burgh records and Exchequer Roll volumes, 1264 to 1529, view of Stirling in 1620, and an old plan of Stirling|date=1897|publisher=R.S. Shearer & Son|location=Stirling|page=17|url=https://archive.org/stream/shearersstirling00rssh#page/17/mode/1up/search/merchis|accessdate=14 April 2017}} In this way the stone cross in the centre of Stirling Bridge was the heart of Scotland.{{cite book|last1=Holinshed|first1=Raphael|title=Holinshed's Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland (Vol 1)|date=1807|publisher=J. Johnson [etc.]|location=London|pages=203–204|url=https://archive.org/stream/holinshedschroni01holi#page/203/mode/1up/search/the+Britons+had+all+the+lands+from+Sterling+to+the+Ireland+seas|accessdate=15 April 2017}}
Central Belt and Watershed
File:Andy Scott Arria Cumbernauld.jpg with a poem "Watershed" inscribed on its base.]]
File:M8 to Glasgow - geograph.org.uk - 1317734.jpg]]
The centre of the Central Belt may also be a point of interest. The Heart of Scotland services known as Harthill is close to the centre of the M8 motorway, Scotland's main road linking East with West. Cumbernauld, also in the Central Belt, is a watershed with one of its rivers (from which its name is derived) flowing to the east and the other flowing west. This watershed test could also apply to other sites like the summit of Ben Lomond being on the line of the Scottish watershed but Cumbernauld arguably has this property in its very name. A map of Scotland's watershed has been produced for walkers.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-13072554 Scotland's watershed map (bbc report)
Furthest from the sea
There have been other centres suggested, such as the furthest point from salt water including sea lochs. The point furthest from the Mean High Water mark is in Glen Quoich, near Braemar, in Aberdeenshire which is 67.6 km from the sea.{{Cite web|title=Where is Scotland's pole of inaccessibility?|url=http://www.statsmapsnpix.com/2020/06/where-is-scotlands-pole-of.html|access-date=2021-06-01|language=en-GB}}{{Cite web|title=Facts and figures about Scotland's sea area (coastline length, sea area in sq kms)|url=https://marine.gov.scot/data/facts-and-figures-about-scotlands-sea-area-coastline-length-sea-area-sq-kms|url-status=live|website=Marine Scotland|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401071159/http://marine.gov.scot/data/facts-and-figures-about-scotlands-sea-area-coastline-length-sea-area-sq-kms |archive-date=2017-04-01 }}
As with other topics like defining the location of the North Pole the answer largely depends on which criteria you choose.
Other contenders
File:Gartincaber Tower - panoramio.jpg
Some have also claimed Gartincaber Tower{{cite web |title=Gartincaber Tower |url=https://canmore.org.uk/site/24388/gartincaber-tower |website=Canmore |publisher=Historic Environment Scotland |accessdate=12 July 2018}} for the title.{{cite news |title=Gartincaber Tower - the centre of Scotland? |url=https://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/gartincaber-tower-the-centre-of-scotland-1-4435300 |accessdate=12 July 2018 |agency=The Scotsman |date=2 May 2017}} Even some Stirlingshire residents consider it ahead of Stirling Bridge.{{cite web |title=Gartincaber Tower - The Heart of Scotland |url=http://www.smithartgalleryandmuseum.co.uk/gartincaber-tower/ |website=Stirling Smith |date=18 October 2016 |accessdate=12 July 2018}}