George, Duke of Brunswick
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{{infobox royalty
| name = George
| title = Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
| image = Georg (Braunschweig-Calenberg) Residenzmuseum Celle.JPG
| caption = George, {{circa|1640}}
| house = Hanover (founder)
| father = William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
| mother = Dorothea of Denmark
| spouse = {{marriage|Anne Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt|1617}}
| issue = Christian Louis, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Sophie Amalie, Queen of Denmark
Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover
| birth_date = {{birth_date|1582|02|17|df=yes}}
| birth_place = Celle
| death_date = {{death date and age|1641|4|12|1582|02|17|df=yes}}
| death_place = Hildesheim
}}
George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (17 February 1582, in Celle (German Georg)– 12 April 1641, in Hildesheim), ruled as Prince of Calenberg from 1635. He was a member of the House of Welf, a prominent German noble family. George was part of a cadet branch of the family known as the Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg, which held territories in what is now Lower Saxony in Germany.
George was the sixth son of William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1535–1592) and Dorothea of Denmark (1546–1617). His mother was the daughter to King Christian III of Denmark and Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg. She acted as a regent during the early years of his reign, keeping power from the Councillors who had mismanaged the estates during his father's fits of insanity.
In the 1635 re-division of the territories of the House of Welf, after the death of Frederick Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, he received the Principality of Calenberg, which included the former Principality of Göttingen, since 1495, while his elder brother, Augustus the Elder, retained the Principality of Lüneburg. George was the first duke to move his residence to Hanover, where he built the Leineschloss as his residence in 1636, a palace situated by the river Leine. After his death, he was succeeded by his son, Christian Louis.
Children
George married Anne Eleonore of Hesse-Darmstadt, daughter of Louis V, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt and Magdalene of Brandenburg, in 1617. They had the following known children:
- Christian Louis, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1622–1665), Prince of Calenberg from 1641-1648, and Prince of Lüneburg from 1648-1665.
- George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1624–1705), Prince of Calenberg from 1648-1665, and Prince of Lüneburg from 1665-1705. He was the father of Sophia Dorothea of Celle, wife of the future King George I of Great Britain.
- John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1625–1679), Prince of Calenberg from 1665-1679.
- Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1628–1685), who married King Frederick III of Denmark.
- Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover (1629–1698), Prince of Calenberg from 1679-1698, husband of Electress Sophia, and father of King George I of Great Britain.
Ancestry
{{Ancestry|George, Duke of Brunswick|William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Dorothea of Denmark, Duchess of Brunswick|Ernest I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Sophia of Mecklenburg-Schwerin|Christian III of Denmark|Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg|Henry the Middle, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Margarete of Saxony|Henry V, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin|Ursula of Brandenburg|Frederick I of Denmark|Anna of Brandenburg|Magnus I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg|Catherine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|collapsible=no}}
George's Paternal Great-grandmother Ursula of Brandenburg and Maternal Great-grandmother Anna of Brandenburg were sisters. This meant his parents were second cousins, giving George an inbreeding coefficient of 0.015625.{{Citation |last=Johnston |first=H. Richard |title=12 - Population Genetics |date=2019-01-01 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128125373000123 |work=Emery and Rimoin's Principles and Practice of Medical Genetics and Genomics (Seventh Edition) |pages=359–373 |editor-last=Pyeritz |editor-first=Reed E. |access-date=2023-06-04 |publisher=Academic Press |language=en |doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-812537-3.00012-3 |isbn=978-0-12-812537-3 |last2=Keats |first2=Bronya J. B. |last3=Sherman |first3=Stephanie L. |editor2-last=Korf |editor2-first=Bruce R. |editor3-last=Grody |editor3-first=Wayne W.}}
Descendants
Popular culture
He is a character in the Eric Flint series of science fiction novels, The Ring of Fire as the Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, a moderate conservative member of the Crown Loyalist faction, and commander of a division in the Army of the United States of Europe.
External links
{{Commons category|Georg, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg}}
References
{{Reflist}}
- {{cite ADB|8|629|634|Georg (Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg)|Janicke, Karl|ADB:Georg (Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg)}}
- [http://welfen.de/georgCalenberg.htm At the House of Welf site]
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{{s-hou|House of Hanover|17 February|1582|12 April|1641|House of Welf}}
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{{succession box
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title=Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Prince of Calenberg
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years=1635–1641
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before=Frederick Ulrich
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after=Christian Louis
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{{DEFAULTSORT:George of Brunswick-Luneburg, Duke}}
Category:New House of Lüneburg