George Andersen
{{Short description|American lawyer (1900–1965)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2023}}{{Infobox person
| name = George Andersen
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = George Richard Andersen
| birth_date = {{Birth date|mf=yes|1900|9|19}}
| birth_place = Denmark
| death_date = {{Death date and age|mf=yes|1965|12|29|1900|9|19}}
| death_place = San Francisco, California, U.S.
| education =
| alma_mater = University of San Francisco
| occupation = Lawyer
| years_active = 1930s–1960s
| employer = Gladstein, Andersen, Leonard & Sibbett
| organization = ILD, IJA, NLG
| agent =
| known_for = Defense of Harry Bridges, ILWU
| notable_works =
| party =
| movement =
| opponents =
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}}
George Andersen (September 19, 1900 – December 12, 1965) was an American lawyer and partner in the San Francisco-based law firm of Gladstein, Andersen, Leonard & Sibbett. One of his clients, Harry Bridges of the International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU), allegedly supported communist or pro-communist legal organizations from the 1930s to the 1960s including International Labor Defense, the International Juridical Association, and the National Lawyers Guild as well as holding stock in the communist newspaper People's World.{{cite book
| title = Communist Legal Subversion: The Role of the Communist Lawyer
| publisher = USGPO
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=f5c2AAAAIAAJ
| pages = 28–30
| date = 1959
| access-date = 5 June 2022
| archive-date = 6 June 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220606211938/https://books.google.com/books?id=f5c2AAAAIAAJ
| url-status = live
| title = The Truth About the Film "Operation Abolition"
| publisher = USGPO
| url = https://oac.cdlib.org/view?docId=kt138n97wg&brand=calisphere&doc.view=entire_text
| page = 1
| date = 1961
| access-date = 5 June 2022
| archive-date = 6 June 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220606211940/https://oac.cdlib.org/view?docId=kt138n97wg&brand=calisphere&doc.view=entire_text
| url-status = live
| first1 = Colin
| last1 = Wark
| first2 = John F.
| last2 = Galliher
| title = Progressive Lawyers under Siege: Moral Panic during the McCarthy Years
| publisher = Lexington Books
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5zlCAAAQBAJ
| pages = 51 (ILWU, Bridges), 62 (African-American), 63 (obituary), 78 (Gladstein, Bridges), 97 (FBI), 102 (Rosenbergs), 97 (FBI)
| date = 2015
| isbn = 9780739195611
| access-date = 5 June 2022
| archive-date = 6 June 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220606211939/https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5zlCAAAQBAJ&dq=
| url-status = live
| first1 = Catherine L.
| last1 = Fisk
| first2 = Diana S.
| last2 = Reddy
| title = Protection by Law, Repression by Law: Bringing Labor Back Into the Study of Law and Social Movements
| journal = Emory Law Journal
| publisher = Emory University
| url = https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1400&context=elj
| pages = 105–106
| date = 2020
| access-date = 5 June 2022
| archive-date = 28 November 2020
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201128085627/https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1400&context=elj
| url-status = live
}}
Background
George R. Andersen was born in Denmark and immigrated with his family to San Francisco, California, U.S. He dropped out of school after sixth grade to work. Eventually, he graduated from night school classes in law at the University of San Francisco.
Career
Andersen was a partner in the San Francisco law firm of the law firm of Gladstein, Andersen, Leonard & Sibbett (aka Andersen & Resner{{cite web
| title = Whitney v. City etc. of San Francisco
| publisher = Justia
| url = https://law.justia.com/cases/california/court-of-appeal/2d/52/363.html
| date = 1942
| access-date = 5 June 2022
| archive-date = 17 October 2015
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151017212446/http://law.justia.com/cases/california/court-of-appeal/2d/52/363.html
| url-status = live
}} and Gladstein, Andersen, Resner & Sawyer in the 1940s), which represented the International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU). Another partner Richard Gladstein defended its union leader Harry Bridges in deportation hearings three times from 1938 to 1955.{{cite book
| title = Relationship Between Teamsters Union and Mine, Mill & Smelter Workers
| publisher = USGPO
| url = https://oac.cdlib.org/view?docId=kt138n97wg&brand=calisphere&doc.view=entire_text
| pages = 214–5 (ILWU, Bridges)
| date = 1962
| access-date = 5 June 2022
| archive-date = 6 June 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220606211940/https://oac.cdlib.org/view?docId=kt138n97wg&brand=calisphere&doc.view=entire_text
| url-status = live
}} In 1934, Andersen defended Ida Rothstein, an alleged communist leader of the San Francisco Bay area.{{cite web
| title = George R. Andersen, attorney with his client Ida Rothstein, an alleged Communist leader
| publisher = San Francisco Public Library
| url = http://sflib1.sfpl.org:82/record=b1040029
| date = 1934
| access-date = 5 June 2022
| archive-date = 6 June 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220606211945/http://sflib1.sfpl.org:82/record=b1040029
| url-status = live
}} In 1938, Andersen was a co-sponsor of the Schneiderman-Darcy Defense Committee, when he was serving as the attorney for the CPUSA, Carey McWilliams, and others.{{cite book
| title = Un-American Activities in California: Report of the Joint Fact-Finding Committee to the Fifty-Fifth California Legislature
| publisher = California State Writing Office
| url = https://usiraq.procon.org/sourcefiles/california-senate-report-un-american-activities-1943.pdf
| page = 98
| date = 1943
| access-date = 5 June 2022}} In 1939, Andersen defended labor rioters.{{cite web
| title = People v. Yuen
| publisher = citeblue
| url = https://www.citeblue.com/opinion/2607205/people-v-yuen/
| date =
| access-date = 5 June 2022
| archive-date = 6 June 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220606211942/https://www.citeblue.com/opinion/2607205/people-v-yuen/
| url-status = live
}} In 1942, Andersen served as appellant counsel for Anita Whitney, alleged chair of the California Communist Party.
{{cite web
| title = Communist Party of U.S. of America v. Peek
| publisher = Westlaw
| url = https://content.next.westlaw.com/Document/I3ea592f1faea11d9bf60c1d57ebc853e/View/FullText.html?transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default)&firstPage=true
| date = 1942
| access-date = 5 June 2022}} In 1944, Andersen and his firm defended a "Negro" respondent on behalf of African-American workers who were members of the International Brotherhood of Boilermakers, Iron Shipbuilders and Helpers of American Union.{{cite web
| title = 25 Cal.2d 721, 17015, James v. Marinship Corp.
| work = vLex
| publisher = Alex
| url = https://case-law.vlex.com/vid/25-cal-2d-721-609194282
| date = 1944
| access-date = 5 June 2022
| archive-date = 17 January 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210117195335/https://case-law.vlex.com/vid/25-cal-2d-721-609194282
| url-status = live}} In 1947 after the passage of the Taft-Hartley Act, Andersen and his firm advised the ILWU about how to comply with new laws. In 1948, Andersen and his law firm represented two unions in decisions made by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB).{{cite book
| title = CCH NLRB Decisions
| publisher = National Labor Relations Board
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=KSoOAQAAMAAJ
| date = 1948
| access-date = 8 June 2022}} In the 1950s, Andersen represented Roy Hudson (union liaison and executive of the CPUSA), Donald Niven Wheeler (New Deal government official and alleged Soviet spy), Paul Schlipf (legislative assistant for the California State CIO), and Paul Chown (field organizer for the United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America or "UE" union).
{{cite book
| title = Investigation of Communist Activities in the San Francisco Area
| publisher = USGPO
| url = https://oac.cdlib.org/view?docId=kt138n97wg&brand=calisphere&doc.view=entire_text
| pages = 3138–3152 (Wheeler), 3159–3184 (Hudson), 3355–3367 (Schlipf), 3432–3444 (Chown)
| date = 1953
| access-date = 5 June 2022}} In 1954, Andersen submitted an amicus curiae in VINCENT W. HALLINAN for Disbarment of Member of State Bar of California.{{cite web
| title = In re Hallinan
| publisher = Stanford Law School
| url = https://scocal.stanford.edu/opinion/re-hallinan-29637
| date = 1954
| access-date = 5 June 2022
| archive-date = 2 August 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210802164727/https://scocal.stanford.edu/opinion/re-hallinan-29637
| url-status = live
}} In 1959, Andersen served as counsel to John Dewberry in People v. Dewberry.{{cite web
| title = People v. Dewberry
| publisher = Stanford Law School
| url = https://scocal.stanford.edu/opinion/people-v-dewberry-24210
| date = 1959
| access-date = 5 June 2022
| archive-date = 25 January 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210125232558/https://scocal.stanford.edu/opinion/people-v-dewberry-24210
| url-status = live
}}
In January 1948, Andersen was shot by two gunmen, after he tried to stop them from robbing the office.
{{cite web
| title = Attorney George R. Andersen receiving first aid after being injured by two gunmen
| publisher = San Francisco Public Library
| url = http://sflib1.sfpl.org:82/search?/dBox+P14+--+Folder%3A+Andersen%2C+George+R.+%28attorney%29/dbox+p14+folder+andersen+george+r+attorney/-3%2C-1%2C0%2CE/frameset&FF=dbox+p14+folder+andersen+george+r+attorney&1%2C%2C3
| date = 1946
| access-date = 5 June 2022}}{{cite web
| title = Attorney George R. Andersen receiving first aid in Harbor Emergency Hospital
| publisher = San Francisco Public Library
| url = http://sflib1.sfpl.org:82/search?/dBox+P14+--+Folder%3A+Andersen%2C+George+R.+%28attorney%29/dbox+p14+folder+andersen+george+r+attorney/-3%2C-1%2C0%2CE/frameset&FF=dbox+p14+folder+andersen+george+r+attorney&2%2C%2C3
| date = 1948
| access-date = 5 June 2022
| archive-date = 6 June 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220606212246/http://sflib1.sfpl.org:82/search?%2FdBox+P14+--+Folder%3A+Andersen%2C+George+R.+%28attorney%29%2Fdbox+p14+folder+andersen+george+r+attorney%2F-3%2C-1%2C0%2CE%2Fframeset=&FF=dbox+p14+folder+andersen+george+r+attorney&2%2C%2C3=
| url-status = live
}} The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) closely monitored Andersen and his firm, and some speculate that the FBI was involved in this attack on his office and him.
In 1931–32, Andersen joined Carol Weiss King and others in founding the International Juridical Association (IJA), a legal bureau to help defend Communists in the USA. In 1937, when the National Lawyers Guild (NLG) was formed, he served as head of its San Francisco chapter. In 1942, he served on the IJA's national committee. In 1947, he served as local counsel in San Francisco for the American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born and was a member of its Northern California Committee for Protection of Foreign Born. In the 1950s, he was a speaker for the Civil Rights Congress (formed by a merger of International Labor Defense with the National Federation for Constitutional Liberties and the National Negro Congress).
As early as 1947, Andersen was a stockholder in People's World as well as 1949 and 1952–54.
In 1954, Andersen ran for Congress on the ticket of the Independent Progressive Party.{{cite web
| title = November 2, 1945
| publisher = JoinCalifornia
| url = http://www.joincalifornia.com/election/1954-11-02
| date =
| access-date = 5 June 2022
| archive-date = 2022-03-08
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220308213726/http://www.joincalifornia.com/election/1954-11-02
| url-status = live
}}
On April 21, 1959, Andersen served as legal counsel to Harry Bridges during a HUAC hearing.{{cite web
| title = Testimony of Harry R. Bridges
| publisher = USGPO
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hplZlhp1-MYC
| page = 660
| date = 1959
| access-date = 5 June 2022
| archive-date = 6 June 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220606212246/https://books.google.com/books?id=hplZlhp1-MYC
| url-status = live
}} Also that year, Andersen was one of 40 lawyers who described the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) report Communist Legal Subversion: The Role of the Communist Lawyer.
In 1961, HUAC alleged that Andersen was the local attorney for the Communist Party USA and noted that he had defended Archie Brown for his role in making the 45-minute documentary film Operation Abolition, which filmed the proceedings on HUAC in San Francisco on May 12–14, 1960. During the hearings, Andersen tried to disqualify the committee altogether. Also involved in the hearing was Norman Leonard, a fellow partner in Gladstein, Andersen, Leonard & Sibbett.
Personal life and death
Andersen married Francis Foster (1903–2001).
The NAACP noted that Andersen's law firm was the first to hire an American-American lawyer.
George Richard Andersen died at age 65 on December 29, 1965, in San Francisco.
Legacy
See also
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- [http://sflib1.sfpl.org:82/search?/dBox+P14+--+Folder%3A+Andersen%2C+George+R.+%28attorney%29/dbox+p14+folder+andersen+george+r+attorney/-3%2C-1%2C0%2CE/2exact&FF=dbox+p14+folder+andersen+george+r+attorney&1%2C3%2C San Francis Public Library]: photos of Andersen January 1948
- [http://archive.ilwu.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/19500224.pdf ILWU archive]: photo of Andersen 24 February 1950
- [https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/sites/default/files/virtuallibrary/documents/whsfreturned/WHSF_Box_65/WHSF65-06.pdf Nixon Library]: mention of Andersen 1957
- [https://documents.theblackvault.com/documents/jfk/NARA-July2017/JFK-July_2017_Release-Formerly_released_in_part/DOCID-32303594.PDF FBI "Black Vault"]: Andersen in 1943 report
- [https://www.marxists.org/history/usa/pubs/peoples-world/n533-v1n23-jan-27-1938-PDW.pdf Marxist Internet Archive]: Andersen in 1938 issue of People's World
{{DEFAULTSORT:Anderson, George}}
Category:American labor lawyers
Category:American people of Danish descent
Category:University of San Francisco alumni
Category:Activists from San Francisco