George Secor

George Secor (November 8, 1943 – March 2, 2020[http://forum.sagittal.org/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=411 Announcement] on Sagittal forum) was an American musician, composer and music-theorist from Chicago.Barbieri, Patrizio (2008). Enharmonic: Instruments and Music 1470-1900; revised and translated studies, p.96. Il Levante Libreria Editrice. {{ISBN|9788895203140}}. He was the discoverer of miracle temperament and eponym of the secor.

As an inventor, Secor and Hermann Pedtke's Motorola Scalatron (1974) is an example of a Bosanquet generalized keyboard featuring a multicolored arrangement of 240 tunable oval keys, about which Secor said: "There is not much point in using this alternative keyboard for systems below 31 tones in the octave."Vail, Mark (2000). 9780879306038, p.101. Backbeat Books. {{ISBN|9780879306038}}. However, "even if it were completely impractical musically, it would make a wonderful prop for a futuristic movie." Though its synthesizer capacities may not reach performance level, according to Easley Blackwood, "It has rock-steady tuning capabilities; you can always count on it to be right." George demonstrating the micro-tonal keyboard instrument can be seen in this [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jlu3KXjJb_g demonstration video].

George was also an accomplished musician and proponent of the Moschino Free-Bass Accordion system.

Moschino Accordion Performances

A [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAzPN3ilUBKEU0hcQ0vuxpw?app=desktop YouTube channel] with some of George's performances on Moschino Accordions illustrates his abilities on their unique keyboard, which allows for chromatic runs and open chords with the left-hand buttons, a Free-bass system, rather than the more common Stradella bass system, which has fewer bass notes, plus preset chord buttons.

George was interviewed in 2018 about the origin and organization of the Moschino accordion system [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LhW3wpidQMU here].

= The Moschino Accordion System Explained =

The system is explained in a [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3x-7_BeMgXc video] Additionally, a written discussion of the organization of the system, including Georges own explanations and diagrams is included on [https://www.accordionists.info/threads/free-bass-moschino-system.1402/ accordionists.info].

Secor interval

Image:Septimal major second on C.png

In music, a secor is the interval of 116.7 cents {{nobr|{{math|( {{big|(}}{{small|{{sfrac| 18 | 5 }}}}{{big|)}}{{sup|{{sup| 1 / 19}}}} )}}}} {{Audio|Secor on C.mid|Play}} named after George Secor. Secor devised it to allow a close approximation, generated from a single interval, to Harry Partch's 43 tone just intonation scale. All 11-limit consonances are approximated to within 3.32 cents.{{cite web |title=Secor |website=TonalSoft.com |url=http://tonalsoft.com/enc/s/secor.aspx |access-date=15 July 2013}}

It is approximated in 31 {{Audio|3 steps in 31-et on C.mid|Play}}, 41 {{Audio|4 steps in 41-et on C.mid|Play}}, and 72 equal temperament {{Audio|7 steps in 72-et on C.mid|Play}}. For tuning purposes, a secor of seven steps of 72 equal temperament is often used.

Two secors (233.4 cents {{audio|Two secors on C.mid|Play}}) approximate an 8:7 interval (231.17 cents), a septimal whole tone. Three of these 8:7 intervals (693.51 cents), or 6 secors (700.2 cents {{audio|Six secors on C.mid|Play}}), approximate a fifth (701.96 cents). A neutral third of {{sfrac| 11 | 9 }} (347.41 cents) is approximated by 3 secors (350.1 cents {{audio|Three secors on C.mid|Play}}).

Miracle temperament

In music, miracle temperament is a regular temperament discovered by George Secor in 1974 which has the eponymous secor as a generator, serving as both the 15:14 and 16:15 semitones. Because 15:14 and 16:15 are equated, their ratio 225:224 $\left(\tfrac{15}{14}\div\tfrac{16}{15} = \tfrac{225}{224}\right)$ is tempered out, and two secors give an 8:7 interval, a septimal whole tone. Three of these 8:7 intervals, or six secors, make up a fifth, so that 1029:1024 $\left(\tfrac{3}{2}\div\left(\tfrac{8}{7}\right)^3 = \tfrac{1029}{1024}\right)$ is also tempered out. This gives the seven-limit version of miracle.

A septimal whole tone of 8:7 as we have seen is approximated by two secors, and a neutral third of 11:9 by three secors. In miracle, a minor third plus a septimal whole tone is also equated with the 11th harmonic. This means that the gap between a minor third plus a septimal whole tone $\left(\tfrac{8}{7} \times \tfrac{6}{5} = \tfrac{48}{35}\right)$ and the 11th harmonic (an 11:8 ratio), 385:384 $\left(\tfrac{11}{8}\div\tfrac{48}{35} = \tfrac{385}{384}\right)$ , is also tempered out. Miracle, therefore, is the temperament tempering out 225:224, 1029:1024 and 385:384 at the same time.

For tuning purposes, a secor of seven steps of 72 equal temperament can be used. While this also tempers out 4375:4374 (the ragisma), doing this is not regarded as a part of the definition of miracle temperament.

Miracle temperament, particularly in the ten note Miracle scale ({{audio|Miracle scale.mid|Play}}) and the distributionally even scale known as Blackjack ({{audio|Blackjack scale.mid|Play}}). The twenty-one note Blackjack scale is derived from twenty successive secors and has been used by several composers, including New York composer Joseph Pehrson."[http://lumma.org/tuning/gws/miracle.htm Miracle Temperaments]", Xenharmony.

;s is a secor, q is the difference between 10 secors and 1 octave, and r is the difference between s and q. If the Miracle scale is:

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0'

s s s s s s s s s s +q

q +r q +r q +r q +r q +r q +r q +r q +r q +r q +r +q

;then the Blackjack scale is:

0 >0 1 >1 2 >2 3 >3 4 >4 5 >5 6 >6 7 >7 8 >8 9 >9 <0 0'

q r q r q r q r q r q r q r q r q r q r q

this may also be viewed as a chain of 20 secors:

>0 >1 >2 >3 >4 >5 >6 >7 >8 >9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 <0

s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s

References

External links

" [https://en.xen.wiki/w/George_Secor George Secor]", on Xenharmonic Wiki.
" [http://x31eq.com/miracle.htm Miracle Temperaments]", Graham's Website: Intonation Information. Accessed: July 2013
" [http://120years.net/wordpress/the-motorola-scalatron-herman-pedtke-george-secor-usa-1974/ The Motorola Scalatron] ", The Motorola Scalatron on "120 years Of Electronic Music"

Category:Commas (music)

Category:American male composers

Category:American composers

Category:Linear temperaments

Category:1943 births

Category:2020 deaths