Georges Fournier (Jesuit)
File:Couronne IMG 7007.JPG. Frontispiece of Hydrographie by Georges Fournier, 1643.]]
Georges Fournier (31 August 1595 – 13 April 1652) was a French Jesuit priest, geographer and mathematician.
Biography
Fournier served as a naval military chaplain on a ship of the line,[http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12138420w/PUBLIC Notice d'autorité de la Bibliothèque nationale de France.] and acquired a strong knowledge of technical and naval matters.
In 1642, he published the treaty Hydrographie, where he attempted to provide a scientific foundation to the design of ships.[http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/ECHOdocuView?mode=imagepath&url=/mpiwg/online/permanent/library/6E72TUCT/pageimg&viewMode=images Acessible en ligne sur le site European Cultural Heritage Online]Bertrand Gille, Histoire des techniques. At the time, results like Couronne or Sovereign of the Seas were obtained by empirical trials and errors.
He also authored a Treaty of fortifications or military architecture, drawn from the most estimated places of our times, for fortifications,[http://architectura.cesr.univ-tours.fr/Traite/Auteur/Fournier.asp?param= Voir bibliographie et traité en ligne] sur le site Architectura du Centre d'études supérieures de la Renaissance à Tours. whose original edition was published in Paris in 1649 by Jean Hénault at the Salle Dauphine of l'ange gardien. Another edition was published in 1668 in Mayence by Louis Bourgeat.Bibliothèque municipale de Mayence, collection Rara III i 30 ba.
Georges Fournier taught René Descartes.
Works
In 1642, Fournier published his Commentaires géographiques.{{harvsp|Taillemite|2002|p=194}}. The following year he published in Paris the work which will give him the essential part of his celebrity: the Hydrographie contenant la théorie et la pratique de toutes les parties de la navigation.[http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/ECHOdocuView?mode=imagepath&url=/mpiwg/online/permanent/library/6E72TUCT/pageimg&viewMode=images Accessible en ligne sur le site European Cultural Heritage Online] Resolutely scientific, it is the first French maritime encyclopedia.Michel Vergé-Franceschi, dans {{harvsp|Vergé-Franceschi|2002|p=624}}. Dedicated to Louis XIII, it was reprinted many times (1667, 1679, 1973). Geographer, astronomer, hydrographer, mathematician, Fournier took an interest in everything: winds and tides, ports, fishing, maritime trade, shipbuilding, the conduct of officers and the art of command. The Hydrographie was therefore a first-rate source for the history of the navy during the first half of the seventeenth century, which explains the "magnificent re-edition" of this work in 1973 (Etienne Taillemite).
Georges Fournier also published in 1643 a Traité de la sphere and in 1644 a Traité de géométrie. His Traité des fortifications ou Architecture militaire (published in Paris in 1649 La deuxième édition est accessible [http://cnum.cnam.fr/CGI/redire.cgi?12RESQE6 en ligne].) was translated into Dutch, Spanish and German. His works on Euclidean geometry (Paris, 1644 and 1654) were translated into English, and gave rise to three successive editions. In 1656, posthumously appeared his Asiae nova descriptio (New Description of Asia). The book was made in collaboration with several jesuit missionaries.
See also
Notes and references
{{Reflist|2}}
Bibliography
- {{cite book|last=Fournier|first=Georges|author-link=Georges Fournier |year=1643 |title=Hydrographie, contenant la théorie et la practique de toutes les parties de la navigation... |publisher=Soly |location=Paris}} BNF 304555507
- {{cite book|last=Gille|first=Bertrand|author-link=Bertrand Gille (historian)|year=1978 |title=Histoire des techniques |publisher=Gallimard |location=Paris| isbn=978-2-07-010881-7 }}
- {{cite book|first=Étienne|last=Taillemite|author-link=Étienne Taillemite|year=2002|title=Dictionnaire des Marins français|isbn=2-84734-008-4|publisher=Tallandier}}
- {{cite book|last=Vergé-Franceschi|first=Michel|author-link=Michel Vergé-Franceschi|year=2002 |title=Dictionnaire d'Histoire maritime |publisher=Robert Laffont |location=Paris| isbn=2-221-08751-8 }}
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Category:17th-century French Jesuits
Category:17th-century geographers
Category:17th-century French scientists
Category:17th-century French mathematicians
Category:French mathematicians
Category:French Navy chaplains