Georgia Backus

{{Infobox person

| name = Georgia Backus

| image = Georgia-Backus.jpg

| alt =

| caption = Georgia Backus in 1930

| birth_name =

| birth_date = {{Birth date|1901|10|13}}

| birth_place = Columbus, Ohio, U.S.

| death_date = {{Death date and age|1983|9|7|1901|10|13}}

| death_place = Sun City, California, U.S.

| nationality =

| other_names =

| occupation = Actress, radio writer, radio director, radio producer

| known_for =

}}

Georgia Belden Backus (October 13, 1901 – September 7, 1983) was an American character actress on stage, radio and screen. She was also a writer, director and producer of radio dramas. In 1930 she was named dramatic director of the Columbia Broadcasting System, to guide the development of the new art of the radio play. A member of the repertory company presenting Orson Welles's Mercury Theatre radio programs, she played supporting roles in some 30 films during the 1940s and 1950s. Her first screen credit was Citizen Kane (1941), in which she played the severe assistant in the Thatcher library. Her career was ended by the Hollywood blacklist.

Biography

Georgia Belden Backus was born October 13, 1901, in Columbus, Ohio,Ancestry.com. California Death Index, 1940–1997 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2000. to a theatrical family. She was named for her uncle, George Backus, a light comedic actor who performed in Florenz Ziegfeld's original stage production of Way Down East. She earned a place in a local stock company at the age of 14. She attended Smith College, and as a student at Ohio State University she toured the state as leading lady and manager of the campus dramatic society."Georgia Backus". Radio Dial, May 28, 1931, page 3. After she received her degree she chose a career in the theatre.

While living in New York, Backus worked in stock theatre and on the Broadway stage{{cite web|url=http://www.ibdb.com/person.php?id=30601 |title=Georgia Backus |publisher=Internet Broadway Database |accessdate=2014-11-08}} and began to write plays and short stories. She was soon acting, writing and directing for radio. In 1930 CBS put Backus in charge of all of the network's dramatic presentations, to guide the development of the new art of the radio play."Brunet Abandons Career On Stage to Guide New Art of Radio Drama". The Sedalia Capital, January 20, 1931, page 6.{{cite web|url=http://www.mmgarchives.com/Photo-Georgia-Backus-Producer-AUW-331-CT/dp/B00JBKRLRK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108202400/http://www.mmgarchives.com/Photo-Georgia-Backus-Producer-AUW-331-CT/dp/B00JBKRLRK |url-status=dead |archive-date=2014-11-08 |title=Georgia Backus |publisher=Chicago Tribune library photo held by MMG Photo Archive |accessdate=2014-11-08 }} Date stamp on reverse side of publicity photo announcing the appointment reads December 4, 1930. She put together an innovative team and announced three experimental dramas, beginning with Behind the Words: A Drama of Thoughts (December 26, 1930). She then directed a series titled The Columbia Experimental Dramatic Laboratory (1931–32), which would lay the foundation for the historic dramatic series, the Columbia Workshop.{{cite web |url=http://www.digitaldeliftp.com/DigitalDeliToo/dd2jb-Columbia-Workshop.html |title=Columbia Workshop |publisher=The Digital Deli |accessdate=2014-11-08 |archive-date=2014-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108222104/http://www.digitaldeliftp.com/DigitalDeliToo/dd2jb-Columbia-Workshop.html |url-status=dead }} She was also an audition director for The March of TimeSmith, Fred, "Keeping Up with the March of Time". Radio Digest, May 1931, page 24. and was a member of the show's prestigious ensemble cast.{{Rp|434}} Backus was regularly featured on Arabesque,{{Rp|37}} Brenthouse,{{Rp|118}} The Eno Crime Club{{Rp|232}} and The Palmolive Beauty Box Theatre{{Rp|532}}

In 1935 Backus married Harmon J. Alexander, a radio writer whose credits include The Burns and Allen Show.Dunning, John, On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc., 1998 {{ISBN|978-0-19-507678-3}}{{Rp|124}} In 1938 they moved to California,Ancestry.com. 1940 United States Federal Census [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2012. In 1939 she joined Orson Welles's Mercury Theatre repertory company on radio when production was moved to Los Angeles, performing on episodes of The Campbell Playhouse including "There's Always a Woman", "A Christmas Carol", "Come and Get It", "Theodora Goes Wild", "The Citadel", "Rabble in Arms" and "Huckleberry Finn".Welles, Orson, and Peter Bogdanovich, edited by Jonathan Rosenbaum, This is Orson Welles. New York: HarperCollins Publishers 1992 {{ISBN|0-06-016616-9}}{{Rp|356–359}} Her other regular roles on radio included A Date with Judy,{{Rp|192}} The Story of Holly Sloan {{Rp|434}} and NBC University Theatre.{{Rp|481}}

Backus was also playing supporting roles in motion pictures. Her first credited role was in Citizen Kane (1941), as Miss Anderson, the severe attendant at the library of Walter Parks Thatcher.{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=27624 |title=Citizen Kane |publisher=AFI Catalog of Feature Films |accessdate=2014-11-08}} The following year she appeared in The Magnificent Ambersons and I Married a Witch. Her most widely noted role may have been as Mrs. Warren, the helpful neighbor with a garden in Cause for Alarm! (1951).{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/SearchResult.aspx?s=&TBL=PN&Type=CA&ID=60334

|title=Georgia Backus |publisher=AFI Catalog of Feature Films |accessdate=2014-11-08}}

On September 19, 1951, Backus appeared under subpoena as an uncooperative witness before the House Un-American Activities Committee, which was investigating Communism in the motion picture industry.Vaughn, Robert. Only Victims: A Study of Show Business Blacklisting. New York: Limelight Editions, 1996. {{ISBN|9780879100810}} Originally published New York: Putnam, 1972.{{Rp|159}}{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/communistinfiltr04unit |title=Communist Infiltration of Hollywood Motion-Picture Industry—Part 4. Hearing before the Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives, September 19, 1951, pp. 1635–1638 |publisher=Internet Archive |accessdate=2014-11-08}} At a HUAC hearing May 7, 1953, Backus was one of more than 50 people named as Communists by director-producer-writer Robert Rossen.{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/investigationofcnyc0304unit |title=Investigation of Communist Activities in the New York City Area—Part 4. Hearing before the Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives, May 7, 1953, page 1480 |publisher=Internet Archive |accessdate=2014-11-08}} Her career was ended by the Hollywood blacklist.McBride, Joseph, What Ever Happened to Orson Welles? A Portrait of an Independent Career. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky, 2006, {{ISBN|0-8131-2410-7}}{{Rp|102}}