Gerardo Aguilar Ramírez

{{Short description|Colombian guerrilla leader}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}

{{family name hatnote|Aguilar|Ramírez|lang=Spanish}}

{{Infobox military person

| name = Gerardo Aguilar Ramírez

| image = Gerardo Aguilar Ramirez.jpg

| caption = Guerardo Aguilar Ramirez, member of the FARC extradited from Colombia to face kidnapping and illegal drug charges.

| nickname = César

| birth_date =

| birth_place =

| death_place =

| allegiance = Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC)
Communism

| branch = Eastern Bloc's 1st Front

| serviceyears = ? – 2008 (captured)

| rank = Chief of 1st Front and in charge of political hostages

| unit =

| commands =

| battles = Colombian Armed Conflict

}}

Gerardo Aguilar Ramírez, known by his nom de guerre César, was a Colombian guerrilla leader of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). He was the commander of the Eastern Bloc's 1st Front. For five years he was in charge of FARC's hostages, including former presidential candidate Íngrid Betancourt.{{cite news |title=Carefully planned Colombia rescue exploited FARC weaknesses |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/07/04/america/colombia.php |newspaper=International Herald Tribune |date=4 July 2008}}

On 2 July 2008, the hostages were rescued in Operation Jaque and César was arrested.{{cite news |title=Colombia's Stunning Hostage Rescue |url=http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1819862,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080703195648/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1819862,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 July 2008 |magazine=Time |date=2 July 2008 | first=Tim | last=Padgett}}

On 4 July 2008, Radio Suisse Romande reported that unnamed "reliable sources" had told it the rescue took place after a payment of US$20 million by the United States.{{cite news|publisher=Radio Suisse Romande|date=4 July 2008|url=http://info.rsr.ch/fr/news/Une_liberation_achetee.html?siteSect=2010&sid=9296405&cKey=1215168451000|language=French|title=Une libération achetée|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080828054924/http://info.rsr.ch/fr/news/Une_liberation_achetee.html?siteSect=2010&sid=9296405&cKey=1215168451000|archivedate=28 August 2008}} According to Le Monde, the French Foreign Ministry denied the payment of any ransom by France.{{cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/ameriques/article/2008/07/04/ingrid-betancourt-est-attendue-a-paris_1066575_3222.html|title=Ingrid Betancourt à Paris: 'Aujourd'hui, je pleure de joie'|newspaper=Le Monde|language=French|date=4 July 2008}}

Frederich Blassel, the author of the Radio Suisse Romande story, told Colombia's W Radio that, according to his source, the release was not negotiated directly with FARC but with César, one of the two guerrillas captured during the operation, who would have received the payment of US$20 million. According to Blassel, the two rebels could be given new identities by Spain, France, and Switzerland.{{cite news|url=http://www.wradio.com.co/nota.asp?id=626562|title=Alias César recibió 20 millones de dólares por entregar secuestrados: Radio Suiza|publisher=W Radio|language=Spanish|date=4 July 2008|access-date=6 July 2008|archive-date=22 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522070912/http://www.wradio.com.co/nota.asp?id=626562|url-status=dead}}{{cite news|url=http://actualidad.terra.es/nacional/articulo/periodista-suiza-radio-afirma-pago-2596725.htm|title=Periodista de radio Suiza afirma que se pagó por liberar a los rehenes|publisher=Terra Actualidad, EFE|language=Spanish|date=4 July 2008|access-date=6 July 2008|archive-date=6 July 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706201249/http://actualidad.terra.es/nacional/articulo/periodista-suiza-radio-afirma-pago-2596725.htm|url-status=dead}}

According to Colombia's El Tiempo and W Radio, General Freddy Padilla de León, Commander of the Colombian Armed Forces, denied any payment by the Colombian government. General Padilla argued that if any payment had been made, it would have been better to make it publicly known, to use it as an incentive and to cause confusion within FARC's ranks.{{cite news|url=

http://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/justicia/2008-07-04/no-se-pago-por-rescate-de-secuestrados-afirma-el-comandante-de-las-fuerzas-militares_4361595-1|title=No se pagó por rescate de secuestrados, afirma el comandante de las Fuerzas Militares|newspaper=El Tiempo|language=Spanish|date=4 July 2008}}{{cite news|url=http://www.wradio.com.co/nota.asp?id=626591|title=Fuerzas Militares no pagaron por rescate de 15 secuestrados|publisher=W Radio|language=Spanish|date=4 July 2008|access-date=6 July 2008|archive-date=22 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522070920/http://www.wradio.com.co/nota.asp?id=626591|url-status=dead}} William Brownfield, the U.S. ambassador to Colombia, also denied the allegations.{{cite news |title=US denies ransom payout for hostage release: ambassador |url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hrtoMw97SlVA2m-B0SfinVDaE1vg |work=Agence France-Presse |date=4 July 2008 |accessdate=4 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080712073016/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hrtoMw97SlVA2m-B0SfinVDaE1vg |archive-date=12 July 2008 |url-status=dead}}

Aguilar was captured in July 2008 when members of the Colombian military, disguised as FARC rebels and a TV camera crew, freed former Colombian presidential candidate Ingrid Betancourt, three US hostages and twelve others. Aguilar and another guerrilla had taken off with the hostages in the designated helicopter with the hostages and disguised soldiers to supposedly transfer them to another FARC stronghold. During the helicopter flight the military personnel suddenly turned on Aguilar, subduing and disarming him and his accomplice before announcing their identities to the now-free hostages.

The Colombian Supreme Court extradited Aguilar to the U.S. in July 2009 on narcotics conspiracy charges. On 16 December 2009, Aguilar pleaded guilty in a Washington, D.C. federal court to conspiring to import large quantities of cocaine into the U.S. As the commander of FARC's 1st front from 1998 to July 2008, Aguilar said he directed his subordinates to manufacture and distribute thousands of tons of cocaine which was later smuggled into the U.S.Anti-Defamation League: [http://www.adl.org/main_Terrorism/farc_leaders_guilty_pleas.htm "Leaders of Colombian Terror Organization Plead Guilty to Narcotics Charges in D.C."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413133935/http://www.adl.org/main_Terrorism/farc_leaders_guilty_pleas.htm |date=13 April 2010}} 22 December 2009

On 22 July 2010, Aguilar was sentenced to 27 years in prison. He is being held in a federal prison in Illinois.{{Cite web|url=http://newyork.fbi.gov/dojpressrel/pressrel10/nyfo072210.htm|title=New York}}{{cite web |url=http://www.bop.gov/iloc2/InmateFinderServlet?Transaction=NameSearch&needingMoreList=false&FirstName=gerardo&Middle=&LastName=ramirez&Race=U&Sex=U&Age=&x=74&y=18 |title=Federal Bureau of Prisons |website=www.bop.gov |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629175743/http://www.bop.gov/iloc2/InmateFinderServlet?Transaction=NameSearch&needingMoreList=false&FirstName=gerardo&Middle=&LastName=ramirez&Race=U&Sex=U&Age=&x=74&y=18 |archive-date=29 June 2011}}