German ostmark
{{for|the East German currency|East German mark}}
{{Infobox currency
| currency_name_in_local = {{native name|de|Ostmark}}
{{native name|pl|ostmarka}}
{{native name|et|idamark}}
{{native name|ru|остмарка|italics=no}}
{{native name|lt|ostmarkė}}|
| image_1 = Ostmark.jpg
| image_background_1 =
| image_title_1 =
| image_2 = Reverse Ostmark.jpg
| image_background_2 =
| image_title_2 =
| issuing_authority = {{lang|de|Darlehnskasse, Kowno}}
| date_of_introduction = 4 April 1918
| date_of_introduction_source =
| date_of_withdrawal = 1922
| using_countries = {{Plainlist}}
- {{flagicon|German Empire}} {{lang|de|Ober Ost}}
- {{flagicon|Courland}} Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
- {{flag|United Baltic Duchy}}
{{Endplainlist}}
| unofficial_users = {{Plainlist}}
- {{flag|Lithuania}} (1918–22)
- {{flag|Estonia}} (1918–19)
{{Endplainlist}}|
| subunit_ratio_1 = {{frac|1|100}}
| subunit_name_1 = {{native name|de|pfennig}}
{{native name|pl|fenig, fenigów}}
{{native name|lv|feniņš}}
| symbol = ℳ
| symbol_subunit_1 =
| plural_slavic =
| used_coins =
| used_banknotes = {{frac|1|2}}ℳ, 1ℳ, 2ℳ, 5ℳ, 20ℳ, 50ℳ, 100ℳ, 1,000ℳ
| obsolete = yes
| footnotes = Circulated alongside German ostrubel, with {{lang|de|2= 2 Ostmark = 1 Ostrubel}}
}}
{{lang|de|Ostmark|nocat=y}} ({{IPA|de|ˈɔstmaʁk|lang|De-Ostmark.oga}}) is the name given to a currency denominated in {{lang|de|Mark}} which was issued by Germany in 1918 for use in a part of the eastern areas under German control at that time, the {{lang|de|Ober Ost}} area. The currency consisted of paper money issued on 4 April 1918 by the {{lang|de|Darlehnskasse}} in {{lang|de|Kowno}} (Kaunas) and was equal to the German Papiermark. The {{lang|de|Ostmark}} circulated alongside the Imperial rouble and the {{lang|de|Ostrubel}}, with two {{lang|de|Ostmark}} equal to one {{lang|de|Ostrubel}}.
Denominations
File:GER-R134-Darlehnskassenschein-1000 Mark (1918).jpg
The denominations available were:
- {{frac|1|2}} mark;
- 1 mark;
- 2 marks;
- 5 marks;
- 20 marks;
- 50 marks;
- 100 marks;
- 1000 marks.
The reverse sides of the {{lang|de|Darlehnskassenscheine}} carry a warning against forging banknotes in German, Latvian and Lithuanian.
Aftermath
The Ostmark and Ostrubel continued to circulate in Lithuania from the end of World War I until 1 October 1922, when they were replaced by the {{lang|lt|litas}}. The names {{lang|lt|skatikas}} and {{lang|lt|auksinas}} were used for {{lang|de|Pfennig}} and {{lang|de|Mark}}, for example, on postage stamps. The reason for the replacement was the link to the {{lang|de|Papiermark}}, which already suffered from inflation (and would spiral into hyperinflation in 1923). The {{lang|lt|litas}} was pegged to the U.S. dollar.
Bibliography
- {{lang|de|Gerhard Hahne, Die Inflation der Markwährungen und das postalische Geschehen im litauisch-polnischen Raum, Forschungsgemeinschaft Litauen im Bund Deutscher Philatelisten e.V., Uetze, (1996)}} {{in lang|de}}
- N. Jakimovs and V. Marcilger, The Postal and Monetary History of Latvia 1918–1945, own book, 1991, pp. 14–13 - 14–15.
External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20060206104855/http://aes.iupui.edu/RWISE/countries/germany1.html German banknotes, a.o. Ostrubels and Ostmarks.]
{{Portal|Money|Numismatics}}
{{Mark}}
Category:Currencies of Germany
Category:Currencies of Lithuania
Category:German Empire in World War I
Category:Modern obsolete currencies
Category:1918 establishments in Germany