Geroprotector

{{short description|Medical therapy against aging}}

{{Update|date=June 2023}}

A geroprotector aims to affect the root cause of aging and age-related diseases, and thus prolong the life span of animals.{{Cite journal | author = Alexey Moskalev, Elizaveta Chernyagina, Anna Kudryavtseva & Mikhail Shaposhnikov | title = Geroprotectors: A Unified Concept and Screening Approaches | journal = Aging and Disease | volume = 8 | issue = 3 | pages = 354–363 | year = 2017 | doi = 10.14336/AD.2016.1022 | pmid = 28580190 | pmc=5440114}}{{Cite journal | author = Alexey Moskalev, Elizaveta Chernyagina, João Pedro de Magalhães & Alex Zhavoronkov | title = Geroprotectors.org: a new, structured and curated database of current therapeutic interventions in aging and age-related disease | journal = Aging | volume = 7 | issue = 9 | pages = 616–628 | year = 2015 | doi = 10.18632/aging.100799 | pmid = 26342919 | pmc=4600621}} Some possible geroprotectors include melatonin,{{cite journal | pmid = 16678784 | year = 2006 | last1 = Anisimov | first1 = VN | last2 = Popovich | first2 = IG | last3 = Zabezhinski | first3 = MA | last4 = Anisimov | first4 = SV | last5 = Vesnushkin | first5 = GM | last6 = Vinogradova | first6 = IA | title = Melatonin as antioxidant, geroprotector and anticarcinogen | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics | volume = 1757 | issue = 5–6 | pages = 573–89 | doi = 10.1016/j.bbabio.2006.03.012 | doi-access = free }} carnosine,{{cite journal | pmid = 20017611 | year = 2010 | last1 = Boldyrev | first1 = AA | last2 = Stvolinsky | first2 = SL | last3 = Fedorova | first3 = TN | last4 = Suslina | first4 = ZA | title = Carnosine as a natural antioxidant and geroprotector: From molecular mechanisms to clinical trials | volume = 13 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 156–8 | doi = 10.1089/rej.2009.0923 | journal = Rejuvenation Research}} metformin,{{cite journal | pmid = 21882902 | year = 2011 | last1 = Bulterijs | first1 = S | s2cid = 40645408 | title = Metformin As a Geroprotector | doi = 10.1089/rej.2011.1153 | journal = Rejuvenation Research | volume = 14 | issue = 5 | pages = 469–82}} rapamycin,{{Cite journal |last=Dumas |first=Sabrina N |last2=Lamming |first2=Dudley W |date=2020-01-01 |title=Next Generation Strategies for Geroprotection via mTORC1 Inhibition |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glz056 |journal=The Journals of Gerontology: Series A |volume=75 |issue=1 |pages=14–23 |doi=10.1093/gerona/glz056 |issn=1079-5006 |pmc=6909887 |pmid=30794726}} nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN),[https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/pdf/S1550-4131(16)30495-8.pdf Long-Term Administration of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Mitigates Age-Associated Physiological Decline in Mice], Cell Metabolism 24, 795–806, December 13, 2016 ª 2016 Elsevier Inc. delta sleep-inducing peptide{{cite journal | pmid = 21809625 | year = 2011 | last1 = Bondarenko | first1 = TI | title = Mechanism of delta-sleep inducing peptide geroprotective activity | journal = Adv Gerontol | volume = 24 | issue = 1 | pages = 80–92}} and glycine.{{cite journal | vauthors = Soh J, Raventhiran S, Lee JH, Lim ZX, Goh J, Kennedy BK, Maier AB | title = The effect of glycine administration on the characteristics of physiological systems in human adults: A systematic review | journal = GeroScience | volume = 46 | issue = 1 | pages = 219–239 | date = February 2024 | pmid = 37851316 | pmc = 10828290 | doi = 10.1007/s11357-023-00970-8 }}

Geroprotectors could belong to multiple classes, depending on which of the hallmarks of aging they influence.{{Cite journal |last=Moskalev |first=Alexey |last2=Chernyagina |first2=Elizaveta |last3=Kudryavtseva |first3=Anna |last4=Shaposhnikov |first4=Mikhail |date=May 2017 |title=Geroprotectors: A Unified Concept and Screening Approaches |url=https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5440114/ |journal=Aging and Disease |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=354–363 |doi=10.14336/AD.2016.1022 |issn=2152-5250 |pmc=5440114 |pmid=28580190}}{{Cite journal |last=Moqri |first=Mahdi |last2=Herzog |first2=Chiara |last3=Poganik |first3=Jesse R. |last4=Justice |first4=Jamie |last5=Belsky |first5=Daniel W. |last6=Higgins-Chen |first6=Albert |last7=Moskalev |first7=Alexey |last8=Fuellen |first8=Georg |last9=Cohen |first9=Alan A. |last10=Bautmans |first10=Ivan |last11=Widschwendter |first11=Martin |last12=Ding |first12=Jingzhong |last13=Fleming |first13=Alexander |last14=Mannick |first14=Joan |last15=Han |first15=Jing-Dong Jackie |date=2023-08-31 |title=Biomarkers of aging for the identification and evaluation of longevity interventions |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867423008577 |journal=Cell |volume=186 |issue=18 |pages=3758–3775 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2023.08.003 |issn=0092-8674}}

The distinction between geroprotectors and senotherapeutics is an evolving area of aging research. Geroprotectors broadly aim to target multiple mechanisms of aging, prolonging lifespan and healthspan by addressing the fundamental causes of aging. Senotherapeutics, on the other hand, are a subset of therapies that specifically target senescent cells, which are dysfunctional cells that accumulate with age and contribute to inflammation and age-related diseases.{{Cite journal |last=Al-Naggar |first=Iman M. A. |date=24 October 2020 |title=Senolytics: Targeting Senescent Cells for Age-Associated Diseases |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40610-020-00140-1 |journal=Current Molecular Biology Reports |volume=6 |pages=161–172 |via=Springer}}