Gheorghe Manu
{{Short description|Romanian Army general, artillery inspector and statesman}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Gheorghe Manu
|image = Gheorghe Manu.jpg
| order =Prime Minister of Romania
| term_start =5 November 1889
| term_end =15 February 1891
| monarch =Carol I
| predecessor =Lascăr Catargiu
| successor =Ion Emanuel Florescu
|order1 = Minister of War of Kingdom of Romania
|primeminister1= Dimitrie Ghica
Alexandru G. Golescu
Manolache Costache Epureanu
|term_start1 = 14 July 1869
|term_end1 = 17 December 1870
|predecessor1 = {{ill|Ioan Alexandru Duca|ro}}
|successor1 = Eustațiu Pencovici
|order2 = Minister of War of Kingdom of Romania
|primeminister2= Theodor Rosetti
Lascăr Catargiu
|term_start2 = 12 November 1888
|term_end2 = 4 November 1889
|predecessor2 = {{ill|Constantin Barozzi|ro}}
|successor2 = Matei Vlădescu
|order3 = Minister of War of Kingdom of Romania
|primeminister3= Dimitrie Sturdza
Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino
|term_start3 = 22 December 1904
|term_end3 = 11 March 1906
|predecessor3 = Dimitrie Sturdza
|successor3 = Alexandru Averescu
|order4 = Mayor of Bucharest
|term_start4 = October 1873
|term_end4 = April 1877
|predecessor4 = N. C. Brăiloiu
|successor4 = C. A. Rosetti
| order5 =Romanian Minister of the Interior
|primeminister5 = Himself
| term_start5 =5 November 1889
| term_end5 =15 February 1891
| predecessor5 =Lascăr Catargiu
| successor5 =Lascăr Catargiu
|order6 = President of the Assembly of Deputies
|monarch6 = Carol I
|term_start6 = 26 February 1892
|term_end6 = 24 October 1895
|predecessor6 = Gheorghe Rosnovanu
|successor6 = Petre S. Aurelian
| order7 =Romanian Minister of the Interior
|primeminister7 = Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino
| term_start7 =9 January 1900
| term_end7 =7 July 1900
| predecessor7 =Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino
| successor7 =Constantin Olănescu
|birth_date = {{birth date|1833|07|26}}
|birth_place = Bucharest, Wallachia
|death_date = {{death date and age|1911|05|16|1833|07|26}}
|death_place = Bucharest, Kingdom of Romania
| death_cause =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| citizenship =
| nationality = Romanian
| party = Conservative Party (PC)
|spouse =
|children =
|religion =
| education =
| alma_mater =
| occupation =
| profession =
| known_for =
|branch = Romanian Land Forces
|serviceyears =
|rank = divisional general
|battles = Romanian War of Independence
|awards = Military Virtue Medal
}}
Gheorghe Manu ({{IPA|ro|ˈɡe̯orɡe ˈmanu}}; 26 July 1833, Bucharest, Wallachia – 16 May 1911, Bucharest, Kingdom of Romania) was a Romanian Army general, artillery inspector and statesman. He served as Prime Minister (1889–1891), Minister of War, Minister of the Interior, President of the Assembly of Deputies, and Mayor of Bucharest.
Biography
After he finished his high school studies in Romania, he went to Prussia in 1847 to study in the German military academies and in 1853, with the approval of the Romanian government, he joined the Prussian Army as a sub-lieutenant.{{cite book|author=Dimitrie R. Rosetti |year=1897|title=Dicționarul contimporanilor|publisher= Editura Lito-Tipografiei "Populara"|location=București|language=ro|url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Dicţionarul_contimporanilor.pdf|oclc=744717044|page=122}}
Returning to his country in 1858, he joined the Romanian Army, being charged with the organization of the Romanian artillery. He was in charge of this task until he resigned in 1884. From 1869 to 1870, Manu, a colonel, was part of the cabinets of Dimitrie Ghica and Manolache Costache Epureanu, heading the War Ministry. In 1874, he was chosen Mayor of Bucharest, keeping this function until 1877. During his tenure, he initiated the creation of a modern water supply network for the city; the works were interrupted between 1877 and 1878, but by 1879 over ten kilometers of pipes were installed.{{cite web|url=https://adevarul.ro/news/bucuresti/primari-legendA-generalul-timpul-molimei-febra-tifoida-bucuresti-vezi-s-a-luptat-epidemia-1_50bdec687c42d5a663d0180f/index.html|title=Primari de Legendă. Generalul din timpul molimei de febră tifoidă din București. Vezi cum s-a luptat cu epidemia!|trans-title=Legendary Mayors. The general during the typhoid fever plague in Bucharest. See how he fought the epidemic!|author= Emilia Sava| newspaper=Adevărul|date= April 21, 2011| access-date=July 5, 2020|language=ro}}
As the Romanian War of Independence began in 1877, General Manu was the commander of the 4th division, in charge of defending Romania in Oltenița, Corabia, Bechet, Islaz and Turnu Măgurele, but following the offensive, his division took part in the campaign on the plains of Bulgaria, in Pleven and Vidin. He was the first Romanian decorated with the Military Virtue Medal, in May 1877.
After the war, he was artillery inspector until 1888, when he resigned. He was War Minister in the Theodor Rosetti and Lascăr Catargiu governments, between 12 November 1888 and 5 November 1889 (Old Style). He was also Prime Minister between 5 November 1889 and 15 February 1891. On 27 November 1891, in the Lascăr Catargiu cabinet, he became the Minister of State Property, but quit to become the President of the Chamber of Deputies, a post he held until 1895, when he retired.
Publications
- {{cite book|author1=Gheorghe Manu|author2=B. Mangâru|title=Discursurile, 1871–1906. Adunate și colecționate de B. Mangâru. Pentru a servi la cunoașterea istoriei moderne a României|location=Bucarești|publisher= F. Göbl|year= 1906|language=ro|oclc=890948983|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112089314188&view=1up&seq=7}}
References
{{Reflist}}
Gallery of caricatures
=Drawn by Nicolae Petrescu-Găină=
File:Nicolae Petrescu Gaina - General Gheorghe Manu.jpg|Gheorghe Manu
File:NSPetrescuGaina - Generalul G Manu (1).jpg|Minister of Interior
File:NSPetrescuGaina - Generalul G Manu (2).jpg|Prefect of police
File:NSPetrescuGaina - Generalul G Manu (3).jpg|Civilian
=From [[Adevărul]], 1899=
File:1899 - Generalul Manu, sursa Adevărul, 12, nr. 3723, 6 decembrie1900.PNG
{{RomanianPrimeMinisters}}
{{Defence Ministers of Romania}}
{{RomanianInteriorMinisters}}
{{President Chamber of Deputies Romania}}
{{Manu Cabinet}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Manu, Gheorghe}}
Category:Military personnel from Bucharest
Category:Conservative Party (Romania, 1880–1918) politicians
Category:Prime ministers of Romania
Category:Ministers of agriculture of Romania
Category:Ministers of defence of Romania
Category:Ministers of finance of Romania
Category:Ministers of interior of Romania
Category:Ambassadors of Romania to the United Kingdom
Category:Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (Romania)
Category:Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Romania)
Category:Members of the Senate of Romania
Category:Romanian Land Forces generals
Category:Romanian military personnel of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)