Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah

{{Infobox royalty

|name = Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah

|title = Ghiyāth ad-Dunyā wa ad-Dīn Abū al-Muẓaffar

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|succession = 21st Sultan of Bengal

|reign = 1533–6 April 1538

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|predecessor = Alauddin Firuz Shah II

|successor = Bengal conquered by Sher Shah Suri
(Muhammad Khan Sur as Sultan)

|regent =

|spouses=

|issue =Syeda Momena Khatun
Two sons (killed by Sher Shah Suri)
Wife of Khidr Khan Surak

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|father = Alauddin Husain Shah

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|death_date = April 1538

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|religion = Islam

}}

Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah ({{langx|bn|গিয়াসউদ্দীন মাহমুদ শাহ}}, {{langx|fa|{{nq|غیاث الدین محمود شاه}}}}) was the last Sultan of the Hussain Shahi dynasty of the Bengal Sultanate, reigning from 1533 to 1538 CE. The dynasty was founded by his father, Alauddin Husain Shah, in 1494.{{cite Banglapedia|author=Ahmed, ABM Shamsuddin|article=Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah}}

History

Banglapedia assesses him as a "weak, pleasure loving and easy-going ruler" who "...had neither diplomatic foresight, nor any practical approach to the political problems which beset Bengal during his reign." His reign was marked by rebellions, including those by Khuda Bakhsh Khan, his general and governor of Chittagong, and Makhdum Alam, the governor of Hajipur.

During his reign the Portuguese arrived in Chittagong in 1534, and were captured and sent to Gaur as prisoners on charges of mischief. But, in the face of enemy superiority he reconciled with them and permitted them to establish factories and commercial stations at Chittagong and Hughli. Later, with the help of the Portuguese, the Sultan held the Teliagarhi pass (1536 AD) avoiding the invasion by Sher Shah Suri.{{Cite web|title=Banglapedia – Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Ghiyasuddin_Mahmud_Shah|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}} Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah and his Portuguese allies were defeated by Sher Shah Suri on 6 April 1538, as his appeals to the Mughal Emperor Humayun went unanswered amid the emperor's preoccupation in Gujrat.

Ghiyasuddin died of wounds sustained during the siege of Gaur by Sher Shah Suri, and grief after learning two of his sons had been executed by the Afghans.{{Cite web |title=Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah – Banglapedia |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Ghiyasuddin_Mahmud_Shah |access-date=2023-08-16 |website=en.banglapedia.org}}{{Cite book |last=Chandra |first=Satish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qHnHHwAACAAJ |title=History of Medieval India: 800–1700 |date=2007 |publisher=Orient BlackSwan |isbn=978-81-250-3226-7 |language=en|page=216}}