Giorgi Margvelashvili

Giorgi Margvelashvili was born in Tbilisi in the family of Teimuraz Margvelashvili (born 1938), an engineer, and Mzeana Gomelauri (born 1933), a psychologist.Gelantia, Telara (15 May 2013). [http://www.pirweli.com.ge/en/?menuid=51&id=534 Financial declaration of "Georgian Dream" Presidential Candidate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103080932/http://www.pirweli.com.ge/en/?menuid=51&id=534 |date=3 November 2013 }}. PirWeli. Margvelashvili graduated from the Tbilisi State University in 1992 with a degree in philosophy. He continued his post-graduate education at the Central European University in Budapest, Hungary (1993–1994) and the Institute of Philosophy, Georgian Academy of Sciences (1993–1996). In 1998, he obtained a doctorate in philosophy from the Tbilisi State University.[http://www.government.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=ENG&sec_id=124&info_id=626 George Margvelashvili] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005141534/http://www.government.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=ENG&sec_id=124&info_id=626 |date=5 October 2013 }}. Government of Georgia. Accessed 30 March 2013. Early in the 1990s he worked as a mountain guide at the Caucasus Travel agency.

He joined National Democratic Institute's Tbilisi office as a program consultant in 1995 and worked for it before becoming affiliated with the Georgian Institute of Public Affairs, a joint Georgian–United States educational establishment, in 2000. Margvelashvili twice served as a rector of the institute from 2000 to 2006 and, again, from 2010 to 2012. In between his two tenures as a rector, he headed the research department from 2006 to 2010. During these years, he was a frequent commentator on politics and society of Georgia.[http://civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=25355 Ivanishvili's Incoming Cabinet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203018/http://www.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=25355 |date=4 March 2016 }}. Civil Georgia. 16 October 2012. Accessed 30 March 2013.

Margvelashvili was not a household name in Georgia until 2012.[http://www.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=26576 Giorgi Margvelashvili]. Civil Georgia. 15 October 2013. His first direct involvement in politics briefly came in 2003, when he joined the opposition election bloc Burjanadze-Democrats prior to the November 2003 parliamentary election, being in the top ten of the bloc's list of candidates.[http://civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=4806 Burjanadze, Zhvania Offer Radical Changes]. Civil Georgia. 22 August 2003. Accessed 30 March 2013. After the allegation of electoral fraud brought about street protests and a change of power in the Rose Revolution, the Burjanadze-Democrats merged with the Mikheil Saakashvili-led United National Movement, and Margvelashvili quit politics.

In 2008, Margvelashvili was again associated with Nino Burjanadze, the former parliamentary chairwoman, this time as a member of the board of advisers of Burjanadze's think-tank Foundation for Democracy and Development.[http://civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=18711 Burjanadze Launches Foundation]. Civil Georgia. 7 July 2008. Accessed 30 March 2013. By 2012, Margvelashvili had become a critic of Mikheil Saakashvili's government. He publicly supported the Georgian Dream coalition set up by the billionaire tycoon Bidzina Ivanishvili, but he was not directly involved in the coalition's election campaign.

File:Giorgi Margvelashvili cropped.jpg

After the victory over Saakashvili's party in the October 2012 parliamentary election brought Ivanishvili to the premiership of Georgia, Margvelashvili, described by Ivanishvili as "a personal friend" and "an intellectual",[http://civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=25717 Education Minister to Become Deputy PM]. Civil Georgia. 5 February 2012. Accessed 30 March 2013. became Minister of Education and Science on 25 October 2012. In February 2013, Ivanishvili appointed Margvelashvili as First Deputy Prime Minister, replacing on this position Irakli Alasania, the Defense Minister.

Margvelashvili's program as a minister envisaged several changes in the educational system, including a model of school graduation exams, the role of schools, and the financial independence of universities.Macharashvili, Nino (26 December 2012). [http://en.tabula.ge/article-7044.html Giorgi Margvelashvili: No education can be free] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130412211415/http://en.tabula.ge/article-7044.html |date=12 April 2013 }}. Tabula Magazine. Accessed 30 March 2013.

During his tenure, Margvelashvili came to public attention several times. In March 2013, he was accused by the opposition and student groups of political meddling in academia after his ministry revoked authorization of the Tbilisi-based Agrarian University, run by a foundation founded by Kakha Bendukidze, an entrepreneur and ex-minister in the Saakashvili government. Within two weeks, the authorization to the Agrarian University was renewed after the ministry said that the shortcomings had been addressed. In April 2013, Margvelashvili's announcement that the government would provide the country's 650,000 school students with text books free of charge was denounced by publishers as a blow to the publishing business and by political opponents as a populist move in violation of intellectual property rights. In May 2013, Margvelashvili was again in media headlines after he slammed proposed amendments to the labor code, calling them a "nightmare" for businesses.[http://en.trend.az/regions/scaucasus/georgia/2146693.html Georgian First Vice PM strongly against new Labour Code]. Trend News Agency. 3 May 2013.

File:Giorgi Margvelashvili and Bidzina Ivanishvili in 2013.jpg in 2013]]

On 11 May 2013, the Georgian Dream coalition named him as its candidate for the October 2013 presidential election. The leader of the coalition, Ivanishvili, claimed the decision was unanimous.[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-georgia-presidency-idUSBRE94A0CE20130511 Georgian PM names pro-Western ally presidential candidate]. Reuters. 11 May 2013. The outgoing President of Georgia, Mikheil Saakashvili, expressed skepticism about the nomination, comparing it to Caligula's alleged naming of "his horse to the senate."[http://civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=26048 Saakashvili Comments on GD's Presidential Candidate]. Civil Georgia. 12 May 2013. Both Margvelashvili and Ivanishvili rejected claims by opponents that Margvelashvili was "a puppet" in the hands of a wealthy prime minister.Metreveli, Irakli (25 October 2013). [http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/131024/georgias-presidential-favourite-knitting-academic Georgia's presidential favourite a knitting academic] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705020425/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/131024/georgias-presidential-favourite-knitting-academic |date=5 July 2014 }}. AFP. Although not obligated by the law, Margvelashvili resigned from his government office, as he put it, to avoid allegations of misuse of administrative resources during the election campaign. On 18 July 2013, he was succeeded by Tamar Sanikidze as a minister.[http://www.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=26289 New Education Minister Takes Office]. Civil Georgia. 18 July 2013. Margvelashvili campaigned aggressively, with Ivanishvili frequently appearing by his side and expressing support in his public appearances. On 17 October, Margvelashvili announced, following Ivanishvili's advice earlier that day, that he would withdraw from the race in case of a runoff.

On 27 October 2013, Margvelashvili won the presidential election, getting 62% of the vote and beating the United National Movement's David Bakradze by about 40 percentage points.[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/georgia/10409344/Georgia-elections-Russia-welcomes-new-president-Giorgi-Margvelashvili.html Georgia elections: Russia welcomes new president Giorgi Margvelashvili]. The Telegraph. 28 October 2013. After the election, Margvelashvili stressed that deepening ties with Europe would remain Georgia's priority and the government would work towards defusing tensions with Russia in collaboration with the country's international partners.[http://www.euronews.com/2013/10/28/europe-is-our-choice-georgia-s-president-elect-margvelashvili/ 'Europe is our choice' – Georgia's president-elect Margvelashvili] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629072918/http://www.euronews.com/2013/10/28/europe-is-our-choice-georgia-s-president-elect-margvelashvili |date=29 June 2018 }}. Euronews. 28 October 2013.

File:Presidents of Georgia and Lithuania meeting in November 2013.jpgn counterpart, Dalia Grybauskaitė, in November 2013.]]

File:Prasidenten Margvelashvili.jpg in Tbilisi, 10 September 2014]]

File:Wizyta prezydenta Gruzji (38210273516).jpg in Warsaw, 8 November 2017]]

Margvelashvili was sworn in as the fourth President of Georgia at a ceremony in the courtyard of the Parliament's old building in Rustaveli Avenue, Tbilisi, on 17 November 2013. With this, a new constitution came into effect which devolved significant power from the President to the Prime Minister.[http://civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=26692 Margvelashvili Sworn-in as New President]. Civil Georgia. 17 November 2013. Margvelashvili's inauguration was not attended by his predecessor Mikheil Saakashvili, who cited disrespect by the new government towards its predecessors and opponents.[http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/politics/47650.html Georgia's Saakashvili won't attend Margelashvili's inauguration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181118230617/http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/politics/47650.html |date=18 November 2018 }}. Vestnik Kavkaza. 16 November 2013.

Margvelashvili initially refused to move to the luxurious presidential palace built under Saakashvili in Tbilisi, opting for more modest quarters in the building of the State Chancellery until a 19th-century building once occupied by the U.S. embassy in Georgia was refurbished for him.[http://www.kyivpost.com/content/russia-and-former-soviet-union/thw-new-georgian-president-giorgi-margvelashvili-refuses-to-move-to-residence-built-for-saakashvili-331382.html Margvelashvili refuses to move to residence built for Saakashvili]. Kyiv Post. 4 November 2013. However, he later started to occasionally use the palace for official ceremonies.[http://civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=27048 Ex-PM Ivanishvili 'Disappointed' in Margvelashvili]. Civil Georgia. 18 March 2014. This was one of the reasons for which Margvelashvili was publicly criticized, in a March 2014 interview with Imedi TV, by the ex-Prime Minister Ivanishvili, who said he was "disappointed" in Margvelashvili.

Margvelashvili's relations with Ivanishvili's successor as Prime Minister, Irakli Garibashvili, was tense and difficult. Giorgi Kvirikashvili, who became prime minister in December 2015 following Garibashvili's sudden resignation, sought to establish a congenial relationship with the presidency, but Margvelashvili remained a divisive figure within the ruling party. He was especially critical of the ruling Georgian Dream's position in the ongoing constitutional reform process, which he denounced as a tool to weaken the presidency. The major point at issue was the provision to abolishing direct elections for the post of president.{{cite news|last1=Fuller|first1=Liz|title=Conflict Between Georgian Parliament, President Intensifies|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/caucasus-report-president-parliament-conflict-intensifies/28382686.html|access-date=22 October 2017|agency=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|date=21 March 2017}} He also accused the GD of refusing to seek a consensus with other political groups over the reforms. Margvelashvili stated that the GD's winning the constitutional majority in the 2016 parliamentary election implied "a threat of concentration of power", but at the same time "opened up opportunities for bold reforms and initiatives".{{cite news|title=President Delivers Annual Parliamentary Address|url=http://civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=30001|access-date=23 April 2017|work=Civil Georgia|date=7 April 2017}} During his tenure, Margvelashvili was critical of what he saw as the Georgian Dream's consolidation of power. When the GD-dominated parliament eventually approved the constitutional amendments in October 2017, Margvelashvili unsuccessfully tried to veto the draft bill, but eventually signed the bill into law, saying it was personally difficult for him to sign the document, but he did so in the interests of stability in the country.{{cite news|title=Georgian president reluctantly signs new constitution into law|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-georgia-president-constitution/georgian-president-reluctantly-signs-new-constitution-into-law-idUSKBN1CP20O?il=0|access-date=22 October 2017|work=Reuters|date=20 October 2017}} Similarly, in January 2018, Margvelashvili vetoed—ultimately unsuccessfully—controversial amendments to the law on Public Broadcaster, concurring with private TV stations and civil society organizations that the law was a threat to Georgia's media pluralism.{{cite news |last1=Fuller |first1=Liz |title=Georgian President Vetoes Controversial Changes To Broadcasting Law |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/georgia-public-broadcaster-bill-vetoed-margvelashvili/28978727.html |access-date=6 January 2019 |agency=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty |date=16 January 2018 |language=en}}

In May 2018, Margvelashvili walked out on political debates following his annual state of the nation address, after the Parliament's chairman Irakli Kobakhidze rejected the President's request to allow him to respond to the questions raised by the lawmakers.{{cite news |title=President Walks Out on Parliamentary debates |url=https://civil.ge/archives/240498 |access-date=6 January 2019 |work=Civil Georgia |date=2 May 2018}} Margvelashvili clashed again with Kobakhidze and the ruling party, in July 2018, over the local government formation process in autonomous Adjara.{{cite news |title=President, Parliament Speaker at odds over Adjara Govt Head Appointment |url=https://civil.ge/archives/246453 |access-date=6 January 2019 |work=Civil Georgia |date=17 July 2018}}

Margvelashvili's term ended in December 2018 as he did not seek re-election in that year's presidential vote.{{cite news | url=https://ottawacitizen.com/pmn/news-pmn/georgians-choose-new-president-directly-for-last-time/wcm/abcf357d-befc-4e70-b0d2-37403401fe6c | title=Georgians choose new president directly for last time | date=28 October 2018 | agency=Associated Press| via=Ottawa Citizen | access-date=28 October 2018 }} On 3 December 2018, he hosted the President-elect Salome Zourabichvili at his residence and boasted the meeting as the precedent of "the democratic transition of Presidential power" in Georgia's history.{{cite news |title=Margvelashvili Meets Zurabishvili at Presidential Palace |url=https://civil.ge/archives/269890 |access-date=24 January 2019 |work=Civil Georgia |date=3 December 2018}}

During 2016 Georgian parliamentary election Margvelashvili supported an unprecedented project in Georgian history in terms of the scale of coverage, feedbacks, and results – a nationwide campaign initiated by the Europe-Georgia Institute to increase involvement of youth in the elections.{{cite web |last1=Editorial |title=President's Maxima (პრეზიდენტის მაქსიმა) |url=http://liberali.ge/articles/view/25048/prezidentis--maqsima |website=Liberali.ge |publisher=Liberali Group |access-date=9 February 2019}}

Shortly before the elections the Europe-Georgia Institute started the "Your Voice, Our Future" (YVOF Campaign) in the village of {{ill|Bazaleti, Dusheti|lt=Bazaleti|ka|ბაზალეთი (დუშეთის მუნიციპალიტეტი)}}. President Margvelashvil and George Melashvili, the head of the Europe-Georgia Institute addressed participants. Shortly after summer schools on civic engagement, political culture and "Get out the vote" campaigns were held in 10 different regions of Georgia. participants visited 20 cities and towns and held meetings with locals, describing and explaining the importance of voting. Young people planned creative activities such as Flash mobs, plays, theatre sketches and attracted media attention.{{cite news |last1=Georgian |first1=Broadcaster |title=კამპანია "შენი ხმა ჩვენი მომავლია" - პრეზიდენტი ბაზალეთის საზაფხულო სკოლას ეწვია |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pbWftd-mJfM |access-date=9 February 2019 |agency=Georgian Broadcaster}}

The #Initiative Project was created after the YVOF campaign and aimed to create a network of active students to promote active civic life. During the project more than 500 activities were financed in more than 20 regions of Georgia, 5 summer and winter schools were organized to empower the active youth groups all over Georgia. As a result of the project a nationwide youth network of active citizens was created, united under #Initiative network and are coordinating and collaborating on local and national issues.{{cite web |last1=Nino |first1=Kvirikashvili |title=Projects of EGI |url=https://egi.ge/en/projects |website=EGI |access-date=9 February 2019}}

During his presidency, Margvelashvili was vocal in supporting of minority rights, including LGBTQ+. After a major conservative backlash over a Georgian national football team captain Guram Kashia wearing a pride armband in support of community, Margvelashvili wrote a Facebook post saying: "Everyone has the right for freedom of expression. We should respect human rights and liberties."{{cite web|url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2017/11/03/riot-breaks-out-after-footballer-wears-rainbow-armband-in-support-of-lgbt-rights/.html|title=Riot breaks out after footballer wears rainbow armband in support of LGBT rights|last=|first=|date=2017-11-03|website=pinknews.co.uk|publisher=Pink NEWS|access-date=2022-11-21|quote=}}

In January 2019, Margvelashvili returned to the Georgian Institute of Public Affairs (GIPA) to deliver a course of lectures on politics.{{cite news |title=Ex-President of Georgia Margvelashvili to Deliver Lectures |url=http://georgiatoday.ge/news/14224/Ex-President-of-Georgia-Margvelashvili-to-Deliver-Lectures |access-date=24 January 2019 |work=Georgia Today |date=24 January 2019}} After retiring from politics, Margvelashvili, together with his family, has mostly lived in the provincial town of Dusheti, where he has started renting out to foreign tourists a cottage near his own house to supplement his income.{{cite news |title=Georgia's Ex-President Swaps Politics For Life of an Airbnb Landlord |url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/georgias-ex-president-giorgi-margvelashvili-swaps-politics-for-life-of-an-airbnb-landlord-2037184 |access-date=16 May 2019 |agency=NDTV via Reuters |date=14 May 2019}}

In February 2020, the former Mayor of Tbilisi and European Georgia politician, Giorgi Ugulava, was contentiously sentenced for three years imprisonment for embezzlement from the Tbilisi Development Fund.{{Cite news|url=https://www.ambebi.ge/article/241042-tavisuplebis-gza-tu-gadis-cixeze-me-mzad-var-xel/|title="თავისუფლების გზა თუ გადის ციხეზე, მე მზად ვარ ხელახლა წავიდე ციხეში" - გიგი უგულავას პირველი კომენტარი სასამართლოს განაჩენის შემდეგ|language=ka|trans-title="If the road to freedom goes to prison, I'm ready to go to prison again" - Gigi Ugulava's first comment after the court verdict|website=www.ambebi.com|date=10 February 2020|access-date=19 February 2020}} The sentence was decried by Margvelashvili, who described Ugulava as "a political prisoner" and the situation as a "violation of democratic principles in Georgia".{{Citation|url=https://civil.ge/archives/338424|title=Former Georgian President, PM on Ugulava's Imprisonment|date=12 February 2020|website=civil.ge|publisher=Civil Georgia|access-date=19 February 2020}} On 17 February, he announced that he would return to Georgian politics to oppose the Georgian Dream.{{Cite news|url=https://agenda.ge/en/news/2020/490|title=Ex-President Margvelashvili returns to politics|date=17 February 2020|access-date=19 February 2020|website=agenda.ge}}

When former Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili was imprisoned in October 2021 on charges of abuse of power and violence, Margvelashvili has led an effort to free his predecessor from prison. Margvelashvili criticized prison conditions, saying that Saakashvili was being "sentenced to death".{{cite web | url=https://jam-news.net/georgia-is-a-country-where-putin-and-his-ideology-predominate-ex-president-margvelashvili/ | title="Georgia is a country where Putin and his ideology predominate" - former president Margvelashvili | date=15 December 2022 }}{{cite web | url=https://civil.ge/archives/519826 | title=Former High Ranking Officials Call for Saakashvili's Transfer Abroad – Civil Georgia | date=23 December 2022 }}

In September 2024, prior to the 2024 Georgian parliamentary election, Margvelashvili joined Strong Georgia coalition.

Beyond his native Georgian, Margvelashvili is fluent in English and Russian. Margvelashvili has rarely commented on his private life. He has a daughter from his first marriage, Anna (born 1995), who studied in Moscow. On 10 September 2014, Margvelashvili married at the town of Dusheti{{cite news|title=Georgia's President marries long-term love|url=http://agenda.ge/news/20882/eng|access-date=10 September 2014|agency=Agenda.ge|date=10 September 2014|archive-date=10 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910195756/http://agenda.ge/news/20882/eng|url-status=dead}} his long-time partner Maka Chichua (born 31 March 1971), formerly a makeup artist and occasional singer and actress.Owen, Elizabeth (23 September 2013). [http://www.eurasianet.org/node/67535 Georgia: More of the Same with Margvelashvili?]. Eurasia.Net. Accessed 28 October 2013.[http://www.georgianews.ge/society/23328-woman-who-might-become-first-lady-of-georgia.html Woman who might become First Lady of Georgia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029202116/http://www.georgianews.ge/society/23328-woman-who-might-become-first-lady-of-georgia.html |date=29 October 2013 }}. Georgian News TV. 13 May 2013. The couple has two sons: Teimuraz (born 2 February 2015){{cite news|title=Georgian Presidential couple welcomes son|url=http://agenda.ge/news/29079/eng|access-date=2 February 2015|work=Agenda.ge|date=2 February 2015|archive-date=28 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150628105226/http://agenda.ge/news/29079/eng|url-status=dead}} and Toma (born 15 January 2018).{{cite news|title=Georgia's president Giorgi Margvelashvili becomes dad for the third time|url=https://www.georgianjournal.ge/society/34102-georgias-president-giorgi-margvelashvili-becomes-dad-for-the-third-time.html|access-date=29 January 2018|work=Georgian Journal|date=16 January 2018}} Maka Chichua also has one daughter from her previous relationship, who is Margvelashvili's stepdaughter.{{cite news|title=Georgia's Presidential couple welcomes son |url=http://agenda.ge/en/news/2015/223 |work=Agenda.ge |date=2015-02-02 |access-date=2018-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180909232255/http://agenda.ge/en/news/2015/223 |archive-date=2018-09-09 |url-status=live}} In his free time Margvelashvili enjoys walking, horse-riding and hosting his friend in his country house in Dusheti.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}

{{noteslist}}

{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Commons category|Giorgi Margvelashvili}}

• [https://m.youtube.com/channel/UCBmnV-XxYK0kqqMWIqJmR7g Giorgi Margvelashvili] on YouTube

{{s-start}}

{{s-off}}

{{s-bef|before=Khatia Dekanoidze}}

{{s-ttl|title=Minister of Education and Science|years=2012–2013}}

{{s-aft|after=Tamar Sanikidze}}

|-

{{s-bef|before=Mikheil Saakashvili}}

{{s-ttl|title=President of Georgia|years=2013–2018}}

{{s-aft|after=Salome Zurabishvili}}

{{s-end}}

{{GeorgiaPresidents}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Margvelashvili, Giorgi}}

Category:Presidents of Georgia

Category:Deputy prime ministers of Georgia

Category:Government ministers of Georgia (country)

Category:Education ministers of Georgia

Category:1969 births

Category:Living people

Category:Philosophers from Georgia (country)

Category:Georgian Dream politicians

Category:Politicians from Tbilisi

Category:Central European University alumni

Category:Tbilisi State University alumni

Category:Recipients of the Presidential Order of Excellence