Giuseppe Saragat

{{Infobox officeholder

| honorific_prefix =

| name = Giuseppe Saragat

| image = Giuseppe Saragat (cropped).jpg

| alt =

| caption = Official portrait, 1971

| office = President of Italy

| term_start = 29 December 1964

| term_end = 29 December 1971

| primeminister = Aldo Moro
Giovanni Leone
Mariano Rumor
Emilio Colombo

| predecessor = Antonio Segni

| successor = Giovanni Leone

| order2 = President of the Constituent Assembly

| term_start2 = 25 June 1946

| term_end2 = 6 February 1947

| predecessor2 = Office established

| successor2 = Umberto Terracini

{{Collapsed infobox section begin|last=yes|Ministerial offices

|titlestyle = border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}{{Infobox officeholder |embed=yes

| order3 = Minister of Foreign Affairs

| term_start3 = 4 December 1963

| term_end3 = 22 July 1964

| primeminister3 = Aldo Moro

| predecessor3 = Attilio Piccioni

| successor3 = Aldo Moro

| office4 = Deputy Prime Minister of Italy

| term_start4 = 10 February 1954

| term_end4 = 19 May 1957

| predecessor4 = Attilio Piccioni

| successor4 = Giuseppe Pella

| primeminister4 = Mario Scelba
Antonio Segni

| term_start5 = 1 June 1947

| term_end5 = 27 January 1950

| primeminister5 = Alcide De Gasperi

| predecessor5 = Office established

| successor5 = Attilio Piccioni {{collapsed infobox section end}}

}}

{{Collapsed infobox section begin|last=yes|Parliamentary offices

|titlestyle = border:1px dashed lightgrey;}}{{Infobox officeholder |embed=yes

| office6 = Member of the Senate of the Republic

| term_label6 = Life tenure

| term_start6 = 29 December 1971

| term_end6 = 11 June 1988

| status6 = Ex officio

| office7 = Member of the Chamber of Deputies

| term_start7 = 8 May 1948

| term_end7 = 29 December 1964

| constituency7 = Turin–Novara–Vercelli

| office8 = Member of the Constituent Assembly

| term_start8 = 25 June 1946

| term_end8 = 31 January 1948

| constituency8 = Rome{{collapsed infobox section end}}

}}

| birth_date = {{birth date|1898|9|19|df=y}}

| birth_place = Turin, Piedmont, Kingdom of Italy

| death_date = {{death date and age|1988|6|11|1898|9|19|df=y}}

| death_place = Rome, Lazio, Italy

| nationality = Italian

| spouse = {{marriage|Giuseppina Bollani|end=died|7 January 1926|14 January 1961}}{{cite book|url={{GBurl|id=6Zlu2EYoq1QC|q=giuseppina+bollani+saragat+14+gennaio+1961|p=120}}|title=L'amore e il potere: da Rachele a Veronica, un secolo di storia italiana|language=it|first=Bruno|last=Vespa|date=7 October 2010|location=Milan|publisher=Mondadori|isbn=978-88-520-1203-7|access-date=14 August 2018|via=Google Books}}

| party = PSU (1922–1930)
PSI (1930–1947)
PSDI (1947–1988)

| alma_mater = University of Turin

| signature = Giuseppe Saragat signature.svg

}}

Giuseppe Saragat ({{IPA|it|dʒuˈzɛppe ˈsaːraɡat|lang}}; 19 September 1898 – 11 June 1988){{cite book|url={{GBurl|id=8Uoxr2NtY8oC|q=Giuseppe+Saragat+1988|p=103}}|title=Parla il Capo dello Stato: sessanta anni di vita repubblicana attraverso il Quirinale 1946-2006|language=it|first=Tito Lucrezio|last=Rizzo|date=23 October 2012|location=Rome|publisher=Gangemi|isbn=978-88-492-7460-8|access-date=14 August 2018|via=Google Books}} was an Italian politician and statesman who served as President of Italy from 1964 to 1971.

Early life

Saragat was born on 19 September 1898 in Turin, Piedmont, Kingdom of Italy, to Sardinian parents. He was a member of the Unitary Socialist Party (Partito Socialista Unitario; PSU) from 1922. He moved to Vienna in 1926 and to France in 1929.

Political career

Following the dissolution of the PSU in 1930, Saragat joined the Italian Socialist Party (Partito Socialista Italiano, PSI). A reformist, he was a democratic socialist who left the PSI in 1947 out of concern over its then-close alliance with the Italian Communist Party. He subsequently founded the Socialist Party of Italian Workers (Partito Socialista dei Lavoratori Italiani, PSLI), which in 1952 became the Italian Democratic Socialist Party (Partito Socialista Democratico Italiano; PSDI). He was to be the paramount leader of the PSDI for the rest of his life.{{cite web|url=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/giuseppe-saragat_%28Dizionario-di-Storia%29/|title=Saragat, Giuseppe|website=Dizionario di Storia|publisher=Treccani|year=2011|language=it|access-date=20 April 2013}}

In 1944, Saragat had been a minister without portfolio and ambassador in Paris from 1945 to 1946, before he was appointed president of the Constituent Assembly of Italy that same year upon the establishment of the Italian Republic. He was minister of foreign affairs in the Moro I Cabinet and Moro II Cabinet, headed by Christian Democracy leader Aldo Moro from 1963 to late 1964, when he was chosen as President of the Italian Republic. His election demonstrated a rare instance of unity among the Italian left and followed rumours of a possible neo-fascist coup, Piano Solo, during Antonio Segni's presidency.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/12/obituaries/giuseppe-saragat-is-dead-at-89-president-of-italy-from-64-to-71.html|title=Giuseppe Saragat Is Dead at 89; President of Italy From '64 to '71|first=Dennis|last=Hevesi|work=The New York Times |date=12 June 1988 |access-date=14 August 2018}}

Saragat died in Rome, Lazio, on 11 June 1988. An atheist, he is said to have become a Catholic and had a religious funeral.{{cite news|last=Rizzi|first=Filippo|url=https://www.avvenire.it/agora/pagine/anniversari-rotondi-saragat_201004130832153230000|title=Padre Rotondi e la "conversione" di Saragat|language=it|work=Avvenire|date=13 April 2010|access-date=23 April 2023}}

Electoral history

class=wikitable style="width:60%; border:1px #AAAAFF solid"
width=12%\|Election ! width=30%\|House ! width=40%\|Constituency ! width=5% colspan="2"\|Party ! width=12%\|Votes ! width=12%\|Result
1946 \| Constituent Assembly \| Rome–Viterbo–Latina–Frosinone \| bgcolor="{{party color\|Italian Socialist Party}}" \| \| PSIUP \| 29,981 \| {{nowrap\|{{tick\|15}} Elected}}
1948 \| Chamber of Deputies \| Turin–Novara–Vercelli \| bgcolor="{{party color\|Socialist Unity (Italy)}}" \| \| US \| 31,988 \| {{nowrap\|{{tick\|15}} Elected}}
1953 \| Chamber of Deputies \| Turin–Novara–Vercelli \| bgcolor="{{party color\|Italian Democratic Socialist Party}}" \| \| PSDI \| 16,833 \| {{tick\|15}} Elected
1958 \| Chamber of Deputies \| Turin–Novara–Vercelli \| bgcolor="{{party color\|Italian Democratic Socialist Party}}" \| \| PSDI \| 12,484 \| {{tick\|15}} Elected
1963 \| Chamber of Deputies \| Turin–Novara–Vercelli \| bgcolor="{{party color\|Italian Democratic Socialist Party}}" \| \| PSDI \| 24,539 \| {{tick\|15}} Elected

class=wikitable style="width:60%; border:1px #AAAAFF solid"

width=12%|Election

! width=30%|House

! width=40%|Constituency

! width=5% colspan="2"|Party

! width=12%|Votes

! width=12%|Result

1946

| Constituent Assembly

| Rome–Viterbo–Latina–Frosinone

| bgcolor="{{party color|Italian Socialist Party}}" |

| PSIUP

| 29,981

| {{nowrap|{{tick|15}} Elected}}

1948

| Chamber of Deputies

| Turin–Novara–Vercelli

| bgcolor="{{party color|Socialist Unity (Italy)}}" |

| US

| 31,988

| {{nowrap|{{tick|15}} Elected}}

1953

| Chamber of Deputies

| Turin–Novara–Vercelli

| bgcolor="{{party color|Italian Democratic Socialist Party}}" |

| PSDI

| 16,833

| {{tick|15}} Elected

1958

| Chamber of Deputies

| Turin–Novara–Vercelli

| bgcolor="{{party color|Italian Democratic Socialist Party}}" |

| PSDI

| 12,484

| {{tick|15}} Elected

1963

| Chamber of Deputies

| Turin–Novara–Vercelli

| bgcolor="{{party color|Italian Democratic Socialist Party}}" |

| PSDI

| 24,539

| {{tick|15}} Elected

=Presidential elections=

class=wikitable style=text-align:right
colspan=5\|1964 presidential election {{Small\|(21st ballot)}}
colspan=2\|Candidate !Supported by !Votes !%
bgcolor="{{party color\|Italian Democratic Socialist Party}}"\| \|align=left\|Giuseppe Saragat \|align=left\|PSDI, DC, PSI, PCI, PRI \|646 \|67.1
bgcolor="{{party color\|Italian Liberal Party}}"\| \|align=left\|Gaetano Martino \|align=left\|PLI \|56 \|5.8
bgcolor="{{party color\|Italian Social Movement}}"\| \|align=left\|Augusto De Marsanich \|align=left\|MSI, PDIUM \|40 \|4.1
bgcolor="{{party color\|Other}}"\| \|align=left colspan=2\|Others / Invalid votes \|185 \|19.2
align=left colspan=3\|Total \|927 \|100.0

class=wikitable style=text-align:right

colspan=5|1964 presidential election {{Small|(21st ballot)}}

colspan=2|Candidate

!Supported by

!Votes

bgcolor="{{party color|Italian Democratic Socialist Party}}"|

|align=left|Giuseppe Saragat

|align=left|PSDI, DC, PSI, PCI, PRI

|646

|67.1

bgcolor="{{party color|Italian Liberal Party}}"|

|align=left|Gaetano Martino