Givetian
{{short description|Fifth stage of the devonian and second stage of the Middle Devonian}}
{{Infobox geologic timespan
| name = Givetian
| color = Givetian
| time_start = 387.7
| time_start_uncertainty = 0.8
| time_end = 382.7
| time_end_uncertainty = 1.6
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| timeline = Devonian
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| name_formality = Formal
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| celestial_body = earth
| usage = Global (ICS)
| timescales_used = ICS Time Scale
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| chrono_unit = Age
| strat_unit = Stage
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| timespan_formality = Formal
| lower_boundary_def = FAD of the conodont Polygnathus hemiansatus
| lower_gssp_location = Jebel Mech Irdane, Tafilalt, Morocco
| lower_gssp_coords = {{Coord|31.2374|N|4.3541|W|display=inline}}
| upper_boundary_def = FAD of the conodont Ancyrodella rotundiloba
| upper_gssp_location = Col du Puech de la Suque, Montagne Noire, France
| upper_gssp_coords = {{Coord|43.5032|N|3.0868|E|display=inline}}
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The Givetian is one of two faunal stages in the Middle Devonian Period. It lasted from {{Period start|Givetian}} million years ago to {{Period start|Frasnian}} million years ago. It was preceded by the Eifelian Stage and followed by the Frasnian Stage. It is named after the town of Givet in France. The oldest forests occurred during the late Givetian.{{Cite book|last1=Becker|first1=R.T.|last2=Gradstein|first2=F.M.|last3=Hammer|first3=O.|chapter=Chapter 22 - The Devonian Period|date=2012|title=The Geologic Timescale 2012|page=578|editor1-last=Gradstein|editor1-first=F.M.|editor2-last=Ogg|editor2-first=J.G.|editor3-last=Schmitz|editor3-first=M.D.|editor4-last=Ogg|editor4-first=G.M.|publisher=Elsevier|language=en|chapter-url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444594259000226|doi=10.1016/b978-0-444-59425-9.00022-6|isbn=978-0-444-59425-9}} The lower GSSP is located at Jebel Mech Irdane, Tafilalt, Morocco.
Name and definition
The Givetian Stage was proposed in 1879 by French geologist Jules Gosselet and was accepted for the higher stage of the Middle Devonian by the Subcommission on Devonian Stratigraphy in 1981.{{cite journal |last1=Préat |first1= Alain |last2=Bultynck |first2= Pierre |year= 2006|title=Givetian |journal= Geologica Belgica |volume= 9|issue= 1–2|pages= 9–18|url=http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/241979.pdf |access-date=12 March 2013}}
References
{{Reflist}}
{{coord|31.2375|N|4.3542|W|source:wikidata|display=title}}
Further reading
- {{cite journal |last=Klug |first=C |year=2002 |title=Quantitative stratigraphy and taxonomy of late Emsian and Eifelian ammonoids of the eastern Anti-Atlas (Morocco) |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257985730 |journal=Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg |volume=238 |pages=1–109}}
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{{Geological history|p|p}}