Glasserton#Archaeology

It is thought that the name derives from the Saxon for "bare hill". It is located near Whithorn and includes the village of Monreith, the area called Kirkmaiden and two mansions, namely Glasserton Park and Physgill, together with Woodfall Gardens.{{Cite web|url=http://www.woodfall-gardens.co.uk/|title=Home|website=www.woodfall-gardens.co.uk}} The Statistical Account remarks that the church "stands near to Glasserton-House, and is romantically embosomed in wood, which sheds around it a vernerable gloom, as if it were a druidical temple, or the sacred grove of some Syrian idol."Statistical Account of Scotland, vol 5, page 401; republished 1983

Legend has it that Saint Ninian, otherwise called Saint Ringan, the first Bishop of Galloway, lived for a while in a cave near Physgill by way of penitence, and he was the founder of Whithorn Abbey.{{cite book|title=The Pastoral Structure of the Celtic Church in Northern Britain|volume=43|series=Borthwick Papers|first=George William Outram|last=Addleshaw|publisher=Borthwick Publications|year=1973|isbn=9780900701375|page=22}}

Loch and sea fishing are available, and the area is a haven for birdwatchers and wildlife enthusiasts. Low Knock on the outskirts of the village is an open farm where one can see the otters, ornamental ducks, and cattle.{{cite web|url=http://www.scottish-places.info/parishes/parmap1082.html |title=Parish of Glasserton Map |publisher=Scottish-places.info |access-date=2014-06-18}}

Kirkmaiden-in-Fernis, otherwise Kirkmaiden Church, now a ruin, stood at Lag Point in the Glasserton side of Monreith Bay south. The restored chancel is the burial vault of the Maxwells of Monreith including the historian and naturalist Sir Herbert Maxwell. In 1761 Rev. James Laing was Minister of Glasserton and Kirkmaiden-in-Fernis.{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/fastiecclesiu02scotuoft#page/n369/mode/2up |title=Fasti ecclesiæ scoticanæ; the succession of ministers in the Church of Scotland from the reformation |access-date=2014-06-18}}{{cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/7382107@N04/1276994318/ |title=St Medoc's Chapel near Monreith | Flickr - Photo Sharing! |publisher=Flickr |date=1999-04-02 |access-date=2014-06-18}}

File:Maxwell's Otter looks over Front bay - geograph.org.uk - 605696.jpg - Maxwell's Otter looks over Front Bay ]]

Near the church is the bronze otter, sculpted by Penny Wheatley, standing as a memorial to Gavin Maxwell, the author of the book Ring of Bright Water, which was made into a successful film. Gavin Maxwell was often seen exercising his tame otter, about which he wrote his book, on the beach below the Kirkmaiden church. There is a signposted walk from the southern end of the village at Clarksburn giving an extensive view of Monreith Bay to Gavin Maxwell's otter.

Monreith was called "Milltown of Monreith" so named by the watermills driven by the waterpower of Monreith Burn. Kirkmaiden church was one of the oldest churches in Scotland and the resting place of many of the McCulloch and Maxwell family members who had owned the Monreith estate. Legend has it that when this parish was united with Glasserton, the pulpit and bell were removed from Kirkmaiden church and were to be transported by sea across Luce Bay to a church of the same name in Kirkmaiden Parish in Rhins, Wigtownshire. A strange storm blew up and the boat foundered, sinking the pulpit and bell. The story goes that on the approaching death of any descendant of the McCullochs of Myrton, the wraith-bell rang from the depths of Luce Bay. The church is opposite the car park of St. Medans Golf Club.

In the 1870s Monreith Estate covered about {{convert|abbr=on|16,000|acre|km2}} and was partly in Glasserton and partly in the Mochrum area. Monreith House, still owned by the Maxwell family, is surrounded by woodlands, and looks towards the White Loch of Myrton in Mochrum area. The original home of the Maxwells was the tower house known as the "Dowies" behind the Fell of Barhullion, the highest point overlooking Monreith Village. When the Fell was owned by the Maxwell family, a member of the family boasted that he owned a Fell from which five kingdoms could be seen on a clear day, the kingdoms of Scotland, England, Ireland, Mann, and finally, the Kingdom of Heaven. The Dowies, or Old Place of Monreith, now owned by the Landmark Trust, has been renovated.{{cite web |url=http://www.landmarktrust.org.uk/BuildingDetails/Overview/221/Old_Place_of_Monreith |title=The Landmark Trust |publisher=The Landmark Trust |access-date=2014-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117082725/http://www.landmarktrust.org.uk/BuildingDetails/Overview/221/Old_Place_of_Monreith |archive-date=17 January 2013 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web|url=http://www.stravaiging.com/history/castle/dowies |title=Old Place of Monreith | Castle in Glasserton, Wigtownshire | Scottish castles | Stravaiging around Scotland |publisher=Stravaiging.com |access-date=2014-06-18}}{{cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/boffinpc/4131237512/ |title=Old Dowies | Flickr - Photo Sharing! |publisher=Flickr |date=2009-11-05 |access-date=2014-06-18}} It may also have been known as Moure Castle or Mowir or Mowr Castle.{{cite web|url=http://www.streetmap.co.uk/map.srf?x=238159&y=543329&z=115&sv=54.7587560,-4.5166448&st=7&mapp=map.srf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211050028/http://www.streetmap.co.uk/map.srf?x=238159&y=543329&z=115&sv=54.7587560,-4.5166448&st=7&mapp=map.srf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-12-11 |title=Map of 54.7587560,-4.5166448 |publisher=Streetmap.co.uk |access-date=2014-06-18 }}

Monreith has sandy beaches, quite rare on this section of the Galloway coastline, with safe swimming areas, rock pools and some interesting caves, one of which is streaked red and known as the "Butcher's Cave". The remains of a man-made flounder pool can be found at the extreme end of the Black Rocks sands and was built to catch flounders as the tide receded; at Ben Buoy, which is a sheer rock face, an interesting cave allows a very careful person to cross through the cliff and emerge in a small bay between Knock Farm and Cairndoon farm.

On 16 December 1617 Joanni Kennedie junior de Blairquhan and his wife Marie Stewart had "baroniam de Remistoun" & fortalicio and lands of Lochtoun alias Remistoun. This was also known as Ravenstone, Ravinstone and Remeston.{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/registrummagnisi07scot#page/631/mode/1up |title=Registrum magni sigilli regum Scotorum : The register of the Great seal of Scotland, A.D. 1306-1668 |year=1882 |access-date=2014-06-18}}

On 26 October 1625 Alexander Macdouell de Machrimoir (Machermore) was heir of his father Petri Macdouell de Machrimoir, to land in "parochia de Glassertoun".

On 14 July 1662 James Stewart, 2nd Earl of Galloway, had a charter no.278 in the Register of the Great Seal of Scotland, vol. XI p. 140, for many lands including the 8 merkland of Bordland of Ravinstoun, with the castle, etc., (Baroniam de Remistoun) the 4 merklands of Bowtoun of Ravinstoun, the 4 merk lands of Grenan in the parish of Glassertoun; and the 4 merk lands of Barledyon, 4 merklands of Culkae, 8 merklands of Doweltoun alias Dowellistoun alias Machir-Stewart (of McDowell of Machermore ?), 4 merklands of Culnog, in the parish of Sorbie.

Ravenston or Castle Stewart, of W. Stewart Esq., is shown on Ainslie's 1782 map as being in the north-west Glasserton area.

Woodfall (Glasserton) house, park and gardens{{cite web|url=http://maps.nls.uk/counties/view/?id=685 |title=View: A map of the county of Wigton. - Counties of Scotland, 1580-1928 - National Library of Scotland |publisher=Maps.nls.uk |access-date=2014-06-18}} were built on the large estate on the orders of the Honourable Admiral Keith Stewart, the second surviving son of Alexander Stewart, 6th Earl of Galloway who was given the {{convert|2000|acre|km2|adj=on}} "Barony of Glasserton" in 1767. The Statistical Account gives in 1795 a detailed description of his agricultural improvements, based on continued raising of the traditional black cattle.Statistical Account of Scotland , vol 5, pages 398-400; republished 1983 He died in 1795, and was succeeded by his son, Rt Hon James Alexander Stewart-Mackenzie, but the house was let and the contents were sold. He sold the house and grounds in 1819 to Stair Hathorn-Stewart at the neighbouring Physgill estate. That which is now called "Woodfall Gardens" was a part of the Glasserton and Physgill estate which was sold some thirty years ago and are now on show to the public.{{cite web|url=http://maps.nls.uk/geo/roy/#zoom=14&lat=54.70126&lon=-4.4054&layers=0B000000TTT |title=Roy Maps and sheet references - Map images - National Library of Scotland |publisher=Maps.nls.uk |access-date=2014-06-18}}

On the 1782 map Robert Stewart Esq. was at Physgill near Kidsdale, just south of Adm. Keith Stewart of Glasserton. Just south of Physgill in Whithorn area was Tonorghie of Hugh Stewart Esq. Carleton, Glasserton, of MacCairill is mentioned in "History of the Lands and Their Owners in Galloway" by Peter Handyside M'Kerlie, vol. 1, p. 334{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/historylandsand01mackgoog#page/n354/mode/2up |title=History of the Lands and Their Owners in Galloway. With Historical Sketches of the District |access-date=2014-06-18}}

Archaeological and Historical Collections relating to Ayrshire and Galloway reported that there were four ancient forts in Glasserton:{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924092901606#page/n115/mode/2up |title=Archæological and historical collections relating to Ayrshire & Galloway |year=1878 |access-date=2014-06-18}}

1. Fell of Barhullion Hill fort has two concentric ditches and banks with entrances in the south and north. The site on the photo is viewed from one of the Cup & Ring marked rocks in the area. (NX3641: Cup & Ring marked stone, Fell of Barhullion){{cite web|url=http://www.scotlandsplaces.gov.uk/search_item/index.php?service=RCAHMS&id=62757 |title=Fell Of Barhullion |publisher=ScotlandsPlaces |access-date=2014-06-18}}
2. Near Carleton there was a fort, "Laggan Camp hill fort"{{cite web|author=The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map |url=http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=6603 |title=Laggan Camp Hillfort : The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map |publisher=Megalithic.co.uk |access-date=2014-06-18}}
3. There are ruins at Port Castle{{cite web|url=http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/63131/details/port+castle/ |title=Site Record for Port Castle Details Details |publisher=Canmore.rcahms.gov.uk |date=1973-01-18 |access-date=2014-06-18}}{{cite web|url=http://www.stravaiging.com/history/castle/port-castle |title=Port Castle | Castle in Glasserton, Wigtownshire | Scottish castles | Stravaiging around Scotland |publisher=Stravaiging.com |access-date=2014-06-18}}
4. Glasserton Hill Mote fort or settlement at NX43NW 2, situated partly within Broad Lane Wood.{{cite web|url=http://canmoremapping.rcahms.gov.uk/index.php?action=do_advanced&idnumlink=63111 |title=Canmore Mapping |publisher=Canmoremapping.rcahms.gov.uk |access-date=2014-06-18}}

Cup and ring markings can be found at Glasserton Mains and various locations near Monreith.{{cite web|url=http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/63100/details/glasserton+mains/ |title=Site Record for Glasserton Mains Details Details |publisher=Canmore.rcahms.gov.uk |date=1973-01-18 |access-date=2014-06-18}} The area is renowned for several groups of Standing Stones, thought to date back to 2000BC.{{Cite web |url=http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=6607 |title=Fell of Barhullion(Rock Art) Rock Art : The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map |access-date=5 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110070456/http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=6607 |archive-date=10 November 2012 |url-status=dead }}

Historic Scotland funded the excavation of archaeological remains at Blairbuy Farm. While ploughing, a large stone was unearthed that turned out to be the capstone from a cist burial. Three cists were found and one contained the remains of a skeleton. The cists are likely to date from the Bronze Age some 3-4,000 years ago when nearby monuments Drumtroddan standing stones and the Wren’s Egg were erected. On the shortest day of the year, if you stand on top of The Wren's Egg, a standing stone at Blairbuy Farm, Monreith, the sun will set directly behind Big Scaur ( "Scaur" meaning "isolated rock in the sea") which is situated out in Luce Bay. On every other day it sets further west.

File:Old Place of Monreith - Dowies House - Ballingrene, Glasserton.jpg|Dowies Castle otherwise Old Place of Monreith or Ballingrene

File:Kirkmaiden church and graveyard - geograph.org.uk - 1632116.jpg|Kirkmaiden Church

File:St. Ninan's Cave, Glasserton, Wigtownshire.jpg|St. Ninian's Cave, Glasserton, by Sir Herbert Maxwell, 1885

File:St Ninian's Cave - entrance.jpg|St. Ninian's Cave entrance

File:Wren's Egg and Nest, bronze age cists, Blairbuy Farm.jpg|Wren's Egg and Nest, Bronze Age cists, Blairbuy Farm

File:Laggan Camp and Pond - geograph.org.uk - 1129329.jpg|Laggan Camp and Pond Laggan Camp hill fort

File:Farmland east of the Fell of Carleton - geograph.org.uk - 1129285.jpg|Hill of Glasserton, view of settlement

File:Hill of Glasserton - geograph.org.uk - 334774.jpg|Hill of Glasserton, site of a Promontory Fort

File:Promontory fort near St Medan - geograph.org.uk - 344142.jpg|Promontory fort near Point of Lag

File:Port Castle Bay, Whithorn - geograph.org.uk - 97884.jpg|near ruins at Port Castle Bay

File:Hill fort, Fell of Barhullion.jpg|Fell of Barhullion hill fort

File:Glasserton church - geograph.org.uk - 334889.jpg|Glasserton Church

File:Myrton Castle by Bob Embleton.jpg|Myrton Castle on the border of old Glasserton-Mochrum parishes

File:Ravenstone Castle - geograph.org.uk - 818977.jpg|Ravenstone Castle

File:Views of the seats of noblemen and gentlemen, in England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland (1824) (14591965587).jpg|Glasserton, 1824 engraving

• List of listed buildings in Glasserton, Dumfries and Galloway

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• [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8in33Ro8S8 YouTube video with a history narration]
• [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=43444#s3 "Glasserton" from A Topographical Dictionary of Scotland by Samuel Lewis, 1846] (British History Online)

{{Civil parishes in Dumfries and Galloway}}

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Category:Wigtownshire

Category:Parishes in Dumfries and Galloway