GlmY RNA

{{Infobox rfam

| Name = Glm Y RNA activator of glmS mRNA

| image = RF00128.jpg

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| caption = Predicted secondary structure and sequence conservation of GlmY_tke1

| Symbol = GlmY_tke1

| AltSymbols = tke1

| Rfam = RF00128

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| RNA_type = Gene; sRNA

| Tax_domain = Bacteria

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| SO = {{SO|0000655}}

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The GlmY RNA (formally known as tke1) family consists of a number of bacterial RNA genes of around 167 bases in length. The GlmY RNA gene is present in Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Yersinia pestis and Salmonella species, where it is found between the yfhK and purL genes. It was originally predicted in a bioinformatic screen for novel ncRNAs in E. coli.{{cite journal | last = Rivas | first = E |author2=Klein RJ |author3=Jones TA |author4=Eddy SR | year = 2001 | title = Computational identification of noncoding RNAs in E. coli by comparative genomics | journal = Curr Biol | volume = 11 | pages = 1369–1373 | pmid = 11553332 | doi = 10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00401-8 | issue = 17| s2cid = 5243194 | doi-access = free }}

The GlmY sRNA has been shown to activate the synthesis of GlmS.{{cite journal |vauthors=Urban JH, Papenfort K, Thomsen J, Schmitz RA, Vogel J |title=A conserved small RNA promotes discoordinate expression of the glmUS operon mRNA to activate GlmS synthesis. |journal=J Mol Biol |volume=373 |issue=3 |pages=521–528 |year=2007 |pmid=17854828 |doi=10.1016/j.jmb.2007.07.035}} It achieves this by influencing the action of another sRNA called GlmZ in a hierarchical fashion.{{cite journal |vauthors=Reichenbach B, Maes A, Kalamorz F, Hajnsdorf E, Görke B |title=The small RNA GlmY acts upstream of the sRNA GlmZ in the activation of glmS expression and is subject to regulation by polyadenylation in Escherichia coli. |journal=Nucleic Acids Res |volume=36 |issue=8 |pages=2570–2580 |year=2008 |pmid=18334534 |doi=10.1093/nar/gkn091 |pmc=2377431}}{{cite journal |vauthors=Urban JH, Vogel J |title=Two seemingly homologous noncoding RNAs act hierarchically to activate glmS mRNA translation. |journal=PLOS Biol |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=e64 |year=2008 |pmid=18351803 |doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0060064 |pmc=2267818 |doi-access=free }}{{cite journal |vauthors=Görke B, Vogel J |title=Noncoding RNA control of the making and breaking of sugars. |journal=Genes Dev |volume=22 |issue=21 |pages=2914–2925 |year=2008 |pmid=18981470 |doi=10.1101/gad.1717808|doi-access=free }} GlmY functions as an anti-adaptor, it binds to RapZ (RNase adaptor protein for sRNA GlmZ), this binding prevents RapZ from binding to GlmZ and targeting it for cleavage by RNase E.{{cite journal|last=Göpel|first=Y|author2=Papenfort, K |author3=Reichenbach, B |author4=Vogel, J |author5= Görke, B |title=Targeted decay of a regulatory small RNA by an adaptor protein for RNase E and counteraction by an anti-adaptor RNA.|journal=Genes & Development|date=Mar 1, 2013|volume=27|issue=5|pages=552–564|pmid=23475961|doi=10.1101/gad.210112.112 |pmc=3605468}}

Further studies have shown that GlmY mutants are sensitive to cell envelope stress.{{cite journal |vauthors=Hobbs EC, Astarita JL, Storz G |title=Small RNAs and small proteins involved in resistance to cell envelope stress and acid shock in Escherichia coli: analysis of a bar-coded mutant collection. |journal=J Bacteriol |volume=192 |issue=1 |pages=59–67 |year=2010 |pmid=19734312 |doi=10.1128/JB.00873-09 |pmc=2798238}}