Glossary of Colombian music
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This page is a glossary of Colombian music.
{{main|Music of Colombia}}
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A
- agüelulo – A teenage gathering, originally held in private homes and then larger spaces; a teenager who frequented such a place was a agüelero or sometimes a cocacolos, after the main beverage drunk at agüelulos, Coca-Cola{{cite book|title=The City of Musical Memory: Salsa, Record Grooves, and Popular Culture in Cali, Colombia|author=Wazer, Lise A.|publisher=Wesleyan University Press|location=Middletown, Connecticut|year=2002|isbn=0-8195-6441-9}}
- música andina – An early national style of the 19th and early 20th centuries, developed from the Andean interior
- música antillana – A kind of popular dance music based on Cuban and Puerto Rican styles
- audición: literally listening, can refer to a "special musical tribute to the career of a particular artist or group", performed before the beginning of a concert
B
- baile – Literally, dance, dances are alphabetized under their descriptor, e.g. baile de cuota is alphabetized under cuota
- bambuco – An Andean style of dance music, perceived as a national music in the early 20th century,Burton, Kim. "El Sonido Dorado". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), World Music, Vol. 2: Latin & North America, Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific, pp 372-385. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. {{ISBN|1-85828-636-0}} or an Andean lyric music performed along with pasillo as a common part of the música andina repertoire
- balada – In popular music, refers to a kind of "Spanish romantic popular music", found across Latin America
- bandola – A stringed instrument similar to a mandolin, used in llanera and musica andina
- bandolin – A larger relative of the bandola
- bingo bailable – a dance that includes bingo games and salsa music
- bolero – A loose term for love ballads
- bombo – A drum used in folklore groups on the Atlantic coast, laid with sticks and used to start a performance by calling on the other drums to perform; a bass drum used in traditional cumbia ensembles
- bugalú – An early form of New York salsa, popular in Colombia during the 1960s, a fusion of son with rhythm and blues
- bullerengue – A Costeño form, performed by flute-and-drum ensembles
- The Colombian Mambo – the Colombian men would go to clubs and dance with each other until their legs fell off.
C
- caja vallenata – A vallenato drum originally made from goatskin
- calle de las salsotecas – Literally, salsoteca street, referring to Calle 44, a three-mile-long road in Cali, referring to the numerous salsotecas and tabernas along the street, known for featuring salsa dura and Cuban music during the 1980s and 90s
- caballo – A rhythmic pattern played on the conga
- camaján – An alternate term for the pachuco
- campana – A cowbell
- campanero – A performer of the cowbell, notably played by audience members along with the on-stage performer
- capachos – Maracas
- música caribeña – A rarely used synonym for música antillana
- carrilera – A form of guitar-based music from the Antioquia province, associated "with the urbanizing peasant or working class"
- carrito – Small, streetside vendors of recorded music
- carrizo – A form of Colombian folk flute
- caseta – A dance hall
- cencerro – A timbales cowbell
- champeta – A form of rootsy music from the Atlantic coastal city of Cartagena, where an Afro-Colombian population developed the style; an Afro-Colombian style associated with Cartagena and Barranquilla, which combines elements of African pop, soca, zouk, mbaqanga and soukous
- champús bailable – A Caleño tradition of house parties, which began in the 1930s and were usually held on Sundays; champú, a beverage made from pineapple, corn, bitter orange leaves and a fruit called lulo
- chandé – A Costeño form, performed by flute-and-drum ensembles
- chirimía – A kind of ensemble found in the northwest corner of Chocó province
- chucu-chucu – An alternate term for raspa
- cokacolo – A teenage dancer at a agüelulo
- contrapunteo – An improvised, verbal duel
- música colombiana – Colombian music, formerly understood to refer to música andina in the 19th and early 20th century, when that style was perceived as a national music
- baile de cuota – A type of dance party in Cali's working-class neighborhoods during the mid-20th century
- cuatro – A small guitar, used in llanera
- currulao – A marimba-based music found along the southwest littoral Valle, Cauca and Nariño provinces of Colombia, as well as Esmeraldas in Ecuador
- cumbia – A form of nation music, originally from the Atlantic coast and characterized by a "solidly grounded and complex layered rhythm with an airily syncopated melody"
E
- empanada bailable – An alternate term for champú bailable, referring to the empanadas often served
F
- fandango – A Costeño song form, performed by flute-and-drum ensembles
- festivales – Community dances in Cali, held in neighborhood dance halls or pavilions
- fiesta patronales – Saints days
- flauto de millo – See millo, flauto de
G
- gaita – A folk flute; a Costeño form, performed by flute-and-drum ensembles; conjunto de gaita is a traditional cumbia ensemble
- guabina – A kind of música andina
- guacharaca – A scraper, common in vallenato
- guache – Rattles made from filling metal or gourd tubes with seeds
- guateque – Originally a Cuban word referring to a rural campesino party, which came to refer to a form of salsa dura, characterized by "slow, grinding son montunos with heavy bass and percussion; associated also with El guateque de la salsa (The Salsa Party), a popular radio show from 1989 to 1993
I
- música de la interior – An Andean style, often used synonymously with bambuco, characterized by a gentle and melodic sound and a well-developed melody at the expense of rhythmic complexity
J
- joropo – Originally a folk dance performed in honor of saints days and other special occasions, such as birthdays and baptism; now more often a generic word for llanera based dance music; a courtship dance associated with central Colombia and that region's cowboy culture, a "dynamic, polyrhythmic mestizo style that fuses Andalusian, African and indigenous elements"
K
- kiosco – A community pavilion, used for musical performances
- kuisi – an indigenous flute made from a hollowed cactus stem, with a beeswax and charcoal powder mixture for the head, with a quill made from a goose or turkey feather for the mouthpiece. There are male and female versions of the pipe (or gaita in Spanish), the female kuisi bunsi (or gaita hembra) with 5 holes, and the male kuisi sigi (or gaita macho) with two.{{cite book|last1=Sturman|first1=Janet L.|author-link1=Janet L.Thurman|editor1-first=Lysloff|editor1-last=René T.A.|editor1-link=René T.A. Lysloff|editor2-first=Gay|editor2-last=Leslie C.|editor2-link=Leslie C. Gay|title=Music and technoculture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MPRBF1wqmcoC|access-date=2009-08-16|edition=illustrated |year=2003|publisher=Wesleyan University Press|location=Middletown, Connecticut|isbn=0-8195-6514-8| pages=153–180|chapter=Technology and Identity in Colombian Popular Music|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MPRBF1wqmcoC&pg=PA153|ref=Sturman,2003}}
L
M
- marimbula – A low-pitched thumb piano
- flauto de millo – A folk clarinet of the Atlantic coast
- melómano – A "music aficionado"
- música – Literally music, music forms are alphabetized by their descriptor, e.g. música antillana is alphabetized under antillana
N
O
P
- pachanga – An early form of New York salsa, popular in Colombia during the 1960s, especially in the city of CaliWaxer, pg. 92; Waxer cites the Cali claim to Helio Orovo, from personal communication on May 31, 1996
- pachuco – An iconic figure, a "ruffian and a hustler... an antihero", especially important in the culture surrounding the Zona de tolerancia
- parrandero – A typical lyrical focus of the more macho side of popular cumbia, referring to a boasting, aggressive and sexual "party-going man"
- pasillo – A lyric song form from the Andean region
- el paso Caleño – A traditional dance step from the city of Cali, characterized by a "rapid 'double-time' shuffle on the tips of the toes"
- pasta americana – Carrito slang referring to the thicker and higher quality vinyl of American records
- picó – Derived from the English pickup, a large sound system among DJs in Cartagena and Barranquilla during the 1980s
- pop tropical – A form of mid-1990s pop-salsa
- porro – A music genre. A village brass band; a song form performed by the flute-and-drum ensembles of the Atlantic coast region, as well as mid-20th century urban dance orquestas
R
- raspa – A simplied form of música tropical which emerged in the late 1960s
- refajo – A street slang from the Zona de tolerancia in Cali
- rock en español – Spanish language rock music, most closely associated with the cities of Bogotá and Medellín in Colombia
- rumba – Partying or merry-making, compare to rumbero, a party
S
- salsa – A Spanish Caribbean dance music created in New York City using elements of Afro-Cuban and Puerto Rican music, a combination known in Colombia as musica antillana
- salsíbiri – A term coined by Fruko to describe his own style
- salsómano – A salsa fan
- salsoteca – A venue that plays salsa
- serenata – A pan-Latin tradition of street serenades performed by small groups of instrumentalists, especially guitarists
T
- tambor hembra – The lead drum of the Atlantic coast drum choirs
- tambor macho – A conga-like drum that leads the basic rhythm of the Atlantic coast drum choirs
- terapia – An alternate term for champeta
- musica tropical – A form of salsa-based music innovated by Joe Arroyo; a form of dance music based on various Atlantic coast genres
- tiple – A small stringed instrument, used in llanera and musica andina
V
- vallenato – A form of accordion-based music, related to música tropical and cumbia, and originally associated with the Atlantic Coast
- vallenato-protesta – A form of vallenato-based protest song
- verbena – Free street parties held during the December Feria and sponsored by the city of Cali
- viejoteca – Dance parties, originally appearing in 1993 for senior citizens but later appealing to middle-aged partygoers and finally abandoning any age restrictions; these viejotecas became associated with a revival of the agüelulos and nightclub scenes of the 1960s and 70s; originally from Cali, viejotecas have spread to Medellin and Cartagena