Glossary of figure skating terms

{{Glossary}}

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{{anchor|three turn}}{{term|3 turn}}

{{defn|{{main|3 turn}} Also three turn. A one-foot turn with a change of {{gli|edge}} that results in a '3' shape traced on the ice}}

{{term|4CC}}

{{defn|An abbreviation for the Four Continents Figure Skating Championships}}

{{anchor|six system}}{{term|6.0 system}}

{{defn|{{main|6.0 system}} The old scoring system used in competitions until 2004, in which skaters were scored relative to each other. The lowest score was a 0.0 and the highest was a 6.0.}}

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{{term|A}}

{{defn|The scoring abbreviation for the {{gli|Axel jump}}}}

{{term|age-eligible}}

{{defn|Either "old enough" or "young enough" to compete internationally at a certain level. Skaters who have turned 13 but not yet 19 (21 for the man in {{gli|pairs}} and {{gli|ice dance}}) before the July 1 when a new season begins are eligible to compete in {{gli|Junior level|Junior-level}} events for the whole season. Skaters who have turned 15 prior to that date in their place of birth are age-eligible for {{gli|Senior level|Senior-level}} events. The overlap in age eligibility allows for some {{gli|senior age-eligible}} skaters to compete at Junior level events, and some {{gli|junior age-eligible}} skaters to compete at Senior level events.}}

{{term|attitude}}

{{defn|A leg position in which the {{gli|free leg}} is lifted behind the body, with the knee bent at an angle, and held behind at a 90-degree angle to the {{gli|skating foot}}. This is the leg position often used for the {{gli|layback spin}}.}}

{{term|arabesque}}

{{defn|A leg position in which the {{gli|free leg}} is extended behind the body in a straight line. This is the leg position used for the basic {{gli|camel spin}}.}}

{{anchor|axel|axel jump}}{{term|Axel jump}}

{{defn|1={{main|Axel jump}}

The only {{gli|rotational jump}} counted as a jump {{gli|element}} that starts with a forward approach.{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/culture/archive/2014/02/gif-guide-figure-skaters-jumps-olympics/357723/ |title=A GIF Guide to Figure Skaters' Jumps at the Olympics |last=Abad-Santos |first=Alexander |date=5 February 2014 |work=The Atlantic |access-date=14 January 2021}} An Axel jump has an extra half rotation (180 degrees), and is landed with the skater gliding backwards (as is the case with all rotational jumps). It was named after Axel Paulsen. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iKulecXlyFs You can see it performed in this video by USA Olympian, Jason Brown.]}}

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File:Bracket.GIF ]]

File:Biellmann-spin svg.svg

{{term|backflip}}

{{main|Backflip (figure skating)}}

{{defn|A reverse somersault in the air. Backflips were banned in competition until 2024.{{Cite web |last=Walker |first=Elvin |date=3 October 2024 |title=The Backflip is Well, Back… |url=https://www.usfigureskating.org/news/article/backflip-well-back |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=U.S. Figure Skating |language=en}} }}

{{term|backspin}}

{{defn|A {{gli|spin}} performed on a back {{gli|outside edge}}}}

{{term|base value}}

{{defn|A part of the {{gli|ISU Judging System}} – a numeric value assigned to each technical {{gli|element}} in a skater's {{gli|program}}, designed to standardize the elements' potential scores in an attempt to make judging more impartial}}

{{term|Besti squat}}

{{defn|{{main|Besti squat}} A {{gli|spread eagle}}-like move where the skater glides on two {{gli|outside edge}}s with knees bent. Named after Natalia Bestemianova.}}

{{term|BiDs}}

{{defn|Abbreviation for "backward inside {{gli|death spiral}}"}}

{{anchor|biellmann}}{{term|Biellmann spin}}

{{defn|{{main|Biellmann spin}} A {{gli|catch-foot}} position where the free leg is pulled above the head from behind. Can be either a {{gli|spin}} or a {{gli|spiral}} position. By regulation, a spin becomes a Biellmann at the moment the skate passes over the level of the head. Named after Denise Biellmann, who popularized the position but did not invent it.}}

{{term|boards}}

{{defn|The vertical barrier between the ice and the ground at the point where the ice ends. In non-Olympic competitions, the boards are usually covered with advertisements for the sponsors. At the Olympics, they are usually covered by designs or the Olympic logo.}}

{{term|BoDs}}

{{defn|Abbreviation for "backward outside {{gli|death spiral}}"}}

{{term|bracket turn}}

{{defn|A one-foot turn with a change of {{gli|edge}} that results in a '}' shape traced on the ice}}

{{term|butterfly jump}}

{{defn|A {{gli|flying spin}} with a two-foot takeoff, in which the body goes almost parallel to the ice in the air, with a scissoring leg motion}}

{{term|bye}}

{{defn|Permission to compete in a higher level of competition without having competed in the requisite qualifying competition}}

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File:Lubov Iliushechkina EX 2008-2009 JGPF.jpg

{{term|CD}}

{{defn|The scoring abbreviation for the {{gli|compulsory dance}} in an {{gli|ice dance}} competition}}

{{term|COP}}

{{defn|An abbreviation for {{gli|Code of Points}}}}

{{term|CSp}}

{{defn|The scoring abbreviation for the {{gli|camel spin}}}}

{{term|camel spin}}

{{defn|{{main|Camel spin}} A {{gli|spin}} position with the {{gli|free leg}} extended in the air in an {{gli|arabesque}} position parallel to the ice}}

{{term|cantilever}}

{{defn|{{main|Cantilever (figure skating)}}An {{gli|element}} in which the knees are bent and the back is bent backwards, parallel to the ice. The element can be performed with the hands on the ice or extended in the air.}}

File:Yukina Ota 2003 NHK Trophy 2.jpg

{{term|carry lift}}

{{defn|A {{gli|lift}} without rotation}}

{{term|catch-foot}}

{{defn|A {{gli|spin}} or {{gli|spiral}} position in which the {{gli|free leg}} is held by one or both hands. The most notable catch-foot position is the {{gli|Biellmann}}.}}

{{term|centered}}

{{defn|A {{gli|spin}} that stays in one spot on the ice – the opposite of {{gli|traveling}}}}

{{term|chack}}

{{defn|Also chacked, chacking. When a medal-winning or otherwise noteworthy {{gli|program}} is not shown on television. This term is named after Michael Chack, whose bronze medal winning performance at the U.S. Championships was not aired on television.}}

{{term|change-foot spin}}

{{defn|A {{gli|spin}} that changes position from a back {{gli|inside edge}} ({{gli|forward spin}}) on one foot to a back {{gli|outside edge}} ({{gli|backspin}}) on the other foot (or vice versa), while retaining the same rotational direction}}

{{term|chasse}}

{{defn|An {{gli|step|ice dance step}} that can be a {{gli|simple chasse}}, a {{gli|crossed chasse}}, or a {{gli|slide chasse}}}}

{{term|check}}

{{defn|Stopping the rotation of a {{gli|rotational jump|jump}} or a {{gli|spin}} by use of arms and shoulder as a counter-rotation}}

{{term|cherry-flip}}

{{defn|Another name for the {{gli|toe loop jump}}}}

{{term|cheated}}

{{defn|A {{gli|rotational jump|jump}} that was not fully rotated in midair, with either the first rotation starting on the ice or the final rotation finishing after the landing}}

{{term|choctaw turn}}

{{defn|{{main|Choctaw turn}} A two-foot turn with a change of {{gli|edge}} that results in a change of {{gli|lobe}}}}

{{anchor|candlestick spiral}}{{term|Charlotte spiral}}

{{defn|{{main|Charlotte spiral}} Also candlestick spiral. A {{gli|spiral}} position in which the torso is bent down towards the {{gli|skating leg}}, with the {{gli|free leg}} held in a 180 degree vertical {{gli|split}} position.}}

{{anchor|code of Points}}{{term|Code of Points}}

{{defn|An informal name for the {{gli|ISU Judging System}}}}

{{term|combination}}

{{defn|Two or more {{gli|element}}s ({{gli|rotational jump|jump}}s, {{gli|spin}} positions) performed in succession. See {{gli|jump combination}}, {{gli|spin combination}}.}}

{{term|combination lift}}

{{defn|A {{gli|lift}} combining two short lifts}}

{{term|compulsory dance}}

{{defn|{{main|Compulsory dance}} Formerly, the first of three {{gli|segment}}s in an {{gli|ice dance}} competition. All teams performed the same dance to the standard music. In 2010, the {{gli|International Skating Union|ISU}} eliminated the compulsory and {{gli|original dance|original}} dances and merged them into the {{gli|short dance}}. The compulsory portion is now officially known as the {{gli|pattern dance}}.}}

{{term|compulsory figures}}

{{defn|{{main|Compulsory figures}} Also school figures. Specific patterns traced on the ice by a skater's blade. While originally a major part of a skating competition, figures were removed entirely from international competition in 1990.}}

File:Counter.GIF]]

{{term|counter turn}}

{{defn|{{main|Counter turn}}A one-foot turn with entry and exit on the same {{gli|edge}} but which results in a change of {{gli|lobe}} with the rotation outside the original lobe. Compare with {{gli|rocker turn}}.}}

{{term|cross roll}}

{{defn|In {{gli|ice dance}}, a series of two {{gli|outside edge}}s across two {{gli|step}}s connected by a {{gli|cross stroke}}, by which the {{gli|free foot}} is crossed over the {{gli|skating foot}} before being placed on the ice for the second step}}

{{term|cross stroke}}

{{defn|An {{gli|step|ice dance step}} that begins with the feet crossed, the legs crossing above the knee, so the motion is begun by the {{gli|outside edge}} of the {{gli|free foot}}}}

{{term|crossed chasse}}

{{defn|In {{gli|ice dance}}, a series of two {{gli|edge}}s across two {{gli|step}}s (such as {{gli|inside edge|inside}} and {{gli|outside edge|outside}}). On the second step, the {{gli|free foot}} crosses the {{gli|skating foot}} and is placed on the ice beside the skating foot.}}

{{term|crossed step behind}}

{{defn|An {{gli|step|ice dance step}} that is begun with the {{gli|free foot}} in the air. It is then crossed below the knee to the opposite side of the {{gli|skating foot}}, so that the free foot touches down on the ice on the {{gli|outside edge}} of the skating foot. The leg is crossed behind.}}

{{term|crossed step forward}}

{{defn|An {{gli|step|ice dance step}} that is begun with the {{gli|free foot}} in the air. It is then crossed below the knee to the opposite side of the {{gli|skating foot}}, so that the free foot touches down on the ice on the {{gli|outside edge}} of the skating foot. The leg is crossed in front.}}

{{term|crossover}}

{{defn|{{main|Crossover (figure skating)}}Crossing one foot over the other while skating along a curve, as a way of gaining speed and turning corners; may be performed while skating either forwards or backwards}}

{{term|crouch}}

{{defn|A two-foot skating move in which the skater's legs are both bent by at least 90 degrees}}

{{term|curve lift}}

{{defn|A type of {{gli|dance lift}} in which the lifter moves along a curve across the ice; the lift may be performed on one foot or two.}}

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File:McLaughlin Brubaker Death Spiral.jpg

File:Joubert 09Eurosp by Carmichael.jpg

{{term|dance}}

{{defn|See {{gli|ice dance}}}}

{{term|dance jump}}

{{defn|In {{gli|ice dance}}, a small jump used to change foot or direction, performed by both partners while in hold or while very close together}}

{{term|dance lift}}

{{defn|In {{gli|ice dance}}, a type of {{gli|lift}} where the lifter may not raise his arms above his shoulders}}

{{term|dance spin}}

{{defn|In {{gli|ice dance}}, a {{gli|spin}} performed by both partners while in hold, similar to a {{gli|pair spin}}}}

{{term|death drop}}

{{defn| A type of {{gli|flying spin|flying entry}} into a {{gli|spin}}}}

{{term|death spiral}}

{{defn|{{main|Death spiral (figure skating)}} An element in {{gli|pair skating}} in which the lady skates on a deep edge with her body close to the ice, and skates in a circle around the man who is in a low pivot position and holding her by the arm.}}

{{term|discipline}}

{{defn|A part of ice skating governed by unique rules. Currently, the four disciplines that compete at the Olympic Games are men's {{gli|singles}}, ladies' {{gli|singles}}, {{gli|pair skating}}, and {{gli|ice dance}}.}}

{{term|double}}

{{defn|A {{gli|rotational jump|jump}} with two full rotations (720 degrees) in the air; the double {{gli|Axel}} requires the skater to complete 2.5 revolutions (900 degrees).}}

{{term|downgraded}}

{{defn|A {{gli|rotational jump|jump}} or {{gli|throw jump}} where the element is missing a half rotation or more}}

{{term|drag}}

{{defn|Another name for a {{gli|lunge}}}}

{{term|draw}}

{{defn|The act of choosing the starting order before an event – may be either open (public) or closed (private).}}

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File:Trina Pratt & Todd Gilles Lift - 2006 Skate Canada.jpg

{{term|element}}

{{defn|An identifiable component of a {{gli|program}}; includes {{gli|spin}}s, {{gli|spiral}}s, {{gli|rotational jump|jump}}s, {{gli|footwork sequence|footwork}}, {{gli|lift}}s, etc.}}

{{term|eligible}}

{{defn|A skater who earns money solely from ISU-approved competitions and {{gli|exhibition}}s. Only {{gli|eligible}} skaters may compete in the Olympic Games.}}

{{term|edge}}

{{defn|May refer either to part of the skate blade, or the result of skating on that part. May be either {{gli|inside edge|inside}} (towards the body) or {{gli|outside edge|outside}} (away from the body), and either forward or backward, giving a total of four different edges: forward inside, forward outside, backward inside, backward outside. A "deep edge" is a steep lean on the edge of the skate – deep edges are rewarded, while skating on a "{{gli|flat}}" (on both edges at the same time) is discouraged.}}

{{term|edge jump}}

{{defn|A general term to refer to any {{gli|rotational jump}} that takes off from an {{gli|edge}}; the three edge jumps that count as jump {{gli|element}}s are the {{gli|Axel jump|Axel}}, the {{gli|loop jump|loop}}, and the {{gli|Salchow jump|Salchow}}}}

{{term|edge violation}}

{{defn|Performing a {{gli|rotational jump}} on the wrong {{gli|edge}}}}

{{term|European Figure Skating Championships}}

{{defn|{{main|European Figure Skating Championships}} An ISU Championship for skaters from European countries}}

{{term|Europeans}}

{{defn|An informal name for the European Figure Skating Championships}}

{{term|exhibition}}

{{defn|Non-competition skating or a show, for example, the gala after a competition in which the highest placing skaters perform a show program. Exhibitions often feature {{gli|element}}s banned in competition as well as spotlights and show lighting.}}

{{term|extension}}

{{defn|The way in which a part of the body is held in a stretched position}}

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File:Mao Asada Spiral Grand Prix Final 2008.jpg

File:Jennifer Don 2.jpg

{{term|F}}

{{defn|The scoring abbreviation for the {{gli|flip jump}}{{cite web|url=http://www.isuresults.com/seminars/AbbreviationsElements_2014_15.pdf |title=ISU Judging System - abbreviations for elements |date=June 2014 |website=isuresults.com |access-date=13 January 2021}}}}

{{term|FD}}

{{defn|The scoring abbreviation for the {{gli|free dance}} program in an {{gli|ice dance}} competition}}

{{term|FS}}

{{defn|The scoring abbreviation for the {{gli|free skating}} program in a {{gli|singles}} and {{gli|pairs}} competition}}

{{term|fan spiral}}

{{defn|A {{gli|spiral}} position in which the {{gli|free leg}} is lifted, held upwards in front of the body, and lowered, in the style of an opening and closing Japanese fan}}

{{term|FiDs}}

{{defn|Abbreviation for "forward {{gli|inside edge|inside}} {{gli|death spiral}}"}}

{{term|field moves}}

{{defn|See {{gli|moves in the field}}}}

{{term|figures}}

{{defn|See {{gli|compulsory figures}}}}

{{term|flat}}

{{defn|Skating on both {{gli|edge}}s at the same time; generally less desirable than skating on one edge}}

{{term|flight}}

{{defn|Also warm-up group. A grouping of skaters at a competition who warm up together immediately prior to competing. The final flight of the {{gli|free skating}} in {{gli|single skating}} is made up of the highest-scoring six skaters from the {{gli|short program}}.}}

{{term|flip jump}}

{{defn|1={{main|Flip jump}} A {{gli|toe jump}} that takes off from a back {{gli|inside edge}} and lands on the back {{gli|outside edge}} of the opposite foot. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iKulecXlyFs You can see it performed in this video by USA Olympian, Jason Brown.]}}

{{term|flood}}

{{defn|(verb) to resurface the ice}}

{{term|flutz}}

{{defn|A portmanteau of "flip" and "Lutz", for an improperly executed {{gli|Lutz jump}}, where the outside take-off edge is mistakenly changed to an inside edge, making it a {{gli|flip jump}}}}

{{term|flying spin}}

{{defn|A jump that lands in a spinning position. Those commonly performed include flying {{gli|camel spin}}s and flying {{gli|sit spin}}s.}}

{{term|FoDs}}

{{defn|Abbreviation for "forward {{gli|outside edge|outside}} {{gli|death spiral}}"}}

{{term|forward spin}}

{{defn|A {{gli|spin}} performed on a back {{gli|inside edge}}}}

{{term|free dance}}

{{defn|{{main|Free dance (figure skating)}} Formerly, the third and final {{gli|segment}} of an {{gli|ice dance}} competition; as of 2010, the second and final segment of an ice dance competition. The free dance is a creative dance program that expresses the character/rhythm(s) of the music chosen by the couple.{{rp|9}}}}

{{anchor|free foot}}{{term|free leg}}

{{defn|Also free foot. The leg (or foot) that is not on the ice}}

{{anchor|free skate|free program}}{{term|free skating}}

{{defn|{{main|Free skating}} Also free skate, free program. The second of the two {{gli|program}}s performed by {{gli|singles}} and {{gli|pair skating|pair skaters}} at a competition, unofficially known as the {{gli|long program}}. Historically, a term for the {{gli|segment}} of a figure skating competition that was not {{gli|compulsory figures}}.}}

{{term|Four Continents Figure Skating Championships}}

{{defn|{{main|Four Continents Figure Skating Championships}}An ISU Championship for skaters from non-European countries}}

{{term|footwork sequence}}

{{defn|A sequence of {{gli|edge}}s, turns, and {{gli|hop}}s – often a required {{gli|element}}}}

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{{Glossary}}File:Grapevine Figures (Art of Skating).jpg

{{term |GP}}

{{defn |An abbreviation for a {{gli|Grand Prix}} event}}

{{term |GPF}}

{{defn |An abbreviation for the Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final}}

{{term |GOE}}

{{defn |An abbreviation for {{gli|Grade Of Execution}}{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/culture/2018/2/14/17004314/figure-skating-scoring-winter-olympics-2018 |title=Winter Olympics 2018: figure skating scoring explained for people who don't follow figure skating |date=14 February 2018 |last=Abad-Santos |first=Alex |website=Vox |access-date=14 January 2021}}}}

{{term |gold medalist}}

{{defn |In addition to referring to the winner of a particular figure skating competition, all skaters who have passed the USFSA's highest-level skill tests are called "gold medalists"; the latter usage is especially common on coaches' resumes.}}

{{anchor|grade Of Execution}}{{term |Grade Of Execution}}

{{defn |A part of the {{gli|ISU Judging System}} – a measure of how well a skater is judged to have performed individual {{gli|element}}s of a program}}

{{term |grapevines}}

{{defn |{{gli|Figures}} performed on two feet}}

{{anchor|grand Prix}}{{term|Grand Prix}}

{{defn |A series of six international invitational events that build to the Grand Prix Final. See ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating}}

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{{term |haircutter}}

{{defn |A {{gli|catch-foot}} {{gli|layback spin}} where the {{gli|free leg}} is brought up to head level, but not above. In some cases, the head is dropped back and it appears that the skate blade is in a position to cut the hair of the skater performing the spin. This position is often performed as a segue between a layback spin and a {{gli|biellmann|Biellmann spin}}.}}

{{term |hollow}}

{{defn |The groove in the middle of a blade between the {{gli|inside edge|inside}} and {{gli|outside edge}}s}}

{{term |hop}}

{{defn |A small jump that does not include a rotation}}

{{term |hydroblading}}

{{defn |A move in which a skater glides on a deep {{gli|edge}} with the body stretched in a very low position, almost horizontal to the ice. Several variations in position are possible.}}

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File:Tugba Karademir Ina Bauer - 2006 Skate Canada.jpg

File:Sasha Cohen Spin 2009 SOI.jpg

{{term|ice coverage}}

{{defn|Use of the ice surface; a skater who covers more ice while gliding or executing an {{gli|element}} is said to have greater ice coverage.}}

{{term|ice dance}}

{{defn|{{main|Ice dance}}The skating {{gli|discipline}} in which two skaters, typically a male and female, perform a choreographed dance. An ice dance competition consists of two {{gli|segment|program segments}}: the {{gli|rhythm dance}} (previously the {{gli|short dance}}) and the {{gli|free dance}}.}}

{{term|IJS}}

{{defn|An abbreviation for the {{gli|ISU Judging System}}}}

{{term|Ina Bauer}}

{{defn|{{main|Ina Bauer (element)}}A two-footed move, similar to a {{gli|spread eagle}}, in which the skater skates on parallel blades, with one foot on a forward {{gli|edge}} and the other on a backward opposite edge (i.e. inside or outside); the knee of the forward leg is slightly bent and the trailing leg is straight.}}

{{term|ineligible}}

{{defn|A skater who receives money from sources not approved by the {{gli|International Skating Union|ISU}}, i.e. a "professional" skater}}

{{term|inside edge}}

{{defn|The {{gli|edge}} of a skate blade facing towards the body}}

{{term|I-spin}}

{{defn|An {{gli|upright spin}} position in which the skater pulls the {{gli|free leg}} up in a {{gli|split}} towards the front of the body, creating an 'I' position}}

{{term|Intermediate level}}

{{defn|The {{gli|level (skating)|competition level}} below {{gli|Novice level|Novice}}, generally used in club/open competitions for younger competitors}}

{{anchor|international Skating Union}}{{term|International Skating Union}}

{{defn|{{main|International Skating Union}}The international governing body for ice skating sports}}

{{term|ISU}}

{{defn|An abbreviation for the International Skating Union}}

{{term|ISU Championship}}

{{defn|A championship-level competition held by the {{gli|International Skating Union|ISU}}. The four figure skating ISU Championships are the World Figure Skating Championships, the World Junior Figure Skating Championships, the Four Continents Figure Skating Championships, and the European Figure Skating Championships. The senior synchronized skating ISU Championships are the World Synchronized Skating Championships and the junior-level equivalent is World Junior Synchronized Skating Championships.}}

{{anchor|iSU Judging System}}{{term|ISU Judging System}}

{{defn|{{main|ISU Judging System}} A judging system that produces a total score from the {{gli|technical elements score}} (TES) and the {{gli|program components score}} (PCS). The skater with the highest total score wins.}}

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{{term|JGP}}

{{defn|An abbreviation for the {{gli|Junior Grand Prix}}}}

{{term|Jackson Haines spin}}

{{defn|The original name for the {{gli|sit spin}}}}

{{term|jump}}

{{defn|A skating move where a skater pushes off the ice into the air. May be a {{gli|rotational jump}} or a {{gli|positional jump}}; all jumps that count as {{gli|element}}s under the {{gli|ISU Judging System}} are rotational jumps, whereas positional jumps count as {{gli|transition}}s (the term jump is most often used to mean a rotational jump for this reason).}}

{{term|jump combination}}

{{defn|Also combination jump. Two or more {{gli|rotational jump|jumps}} performed one directly after the other, without intervening steps or turns. Jump combinations most commonly involve the {{gli|toe loop jump|toe loop}} or {{gli|loop jump|loop}} as the final jump, because both of these jumps start from the back {{gli|outside edge}}, which is the normal landing edge for all six jumps.}}

{{term|jump sequence}}

{{defn|Two or more {{gli|rotational jump|jumps}} connected by turns or {{gli|hop}}s}}

{{term|junior age-eligible}}

{{defn|A skater who has reached the minimum age, and has not exceeded the maximum age, defined by the {{gli|International Skating Union|ISU}} for {{gli|junior level|junior-level}} competition}}

{{anchor|junior Grand Prix}}{{term|Junior Grand Prix}}

{{defn|{{main|ISU Junior Grand Prix}} A series of eight international events that build to the Junior Grand Prix Final. This is the {{gli|junior level|junior-level}} complement to the ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating.}}

{{anchor|junior level}}{{term|Junior level}}

{{defn|The ISU {{gli|level (skating)|competition level}} below {{gli|Senior level}}. International competitions for Juniors include the ISU Junior Grand Prix and the World Junior Figure Skating Championships.}}

{{term|Junior Olympics}}

{{defn|A name for various competitions in different countries. In the United States, the Junior Olympics referred to a competition held to determine the national champions at the {{gli|Intermediate level|Intermediate}} and {{gli|Juvenile level|Juvenile}} levels.}}

{{anchor|World Juniors}}{{term|Junior Worlds}}

{{defn|Also World Juniors. An informal name for the World Junior Figure Skating Championships}}

{{term|Juvenile level}}

{{defn|The {{gli|level (skating)|competition level}} between {{gli|Preliminary level|Preliminary}} and {{gli|Intermediate level|Intermediate}}, generally used in club/open competitions for younger competitors}}

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{{anchor|Killian position|side position}}{{term|Kilian hold}}

{{defn|Also Killian position, side position. A dance hold used in {{gli|ice dance}} where the two skaters are side-by-side, facing the same direction, with the man standing to the left and slightly behind the lady. The lady's left arm is held straight across the man's body to hold his left hand; the man places his right arm behind the lady's back with his right hand resting at her waist over the right hip, and the lady places her right hand on the man's right hand, forming a triangular shape with her arm. Switching the position of the dancers results in a reverse Kilian/Killian.}}

{{term|kiss and cry}}

{{defn|{{main|Kiss and cry}} The area next to the rink at major competitions where the skaters wait to get their results}}

{{Glossary end}}

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{{Glossary}}

File:2012 WFSC 07d 843 Polina Korobeynikova.JPG

File:Yukari Nakano jump.jpg

File:Jeffrey Buttle 2007 Skate Canada.jpg

{{term|LP}}

{{defn|The scoring abbreviation for the {{gli|long program}}}}

{{term|ladies}}

{{defn|The official term for female competitors}}

{{term|landing leg}}

{{defn|The leg on which a skater lands a {{gli|rotational jump}} – opposite of {{gli|free leg}}. For right-handed skaters, it is usually the right leg, and vice versa.}}

{{term|lasso lift}}

{{defn|A type of hand-to-hand {{gli|pair lift}}}}

{{term|layback spin}}

{{defn|{{main|Layback spin}} An {{gli|upright spin}} position in which the back is arched and the head is dropped back, with the {{gli|free leg}} bent behind, and the arms often stretched to the ceiling or arched overhead}}

{{term|leg wrap}}

{{defn|An air position in {{gli|rotational jump}}s where the {{gli|free leg}} is held at a right angle to the {{gli|landing leg}}, crossing it above the knee, so that it appears to be "wrapped" around the other. Most skaters keep their legs more vertical and crossed at the ankles when they jump.}}

{{term|level (judging)}}

{{defn|The assigned difficulty of an {{gli|element}} under the {{gli|ISU Judging System}}. The highest difficulty level is Level 4.}}

{{term|level (skating)}}

{{defn|The division by competitive level of skill. International ISU competitions take place at the {{gli|Novice}}, {{gli|junior level|Junior}}, {{gli|senior level|Senior}}, and Adult levels.}}

{{term|lift}}

{{defn|{{main|Figure skating lifts}} An element in {{gli|pair skating}} and {{gli|ice dance}}, in which one skater lifts his/her partner while rotating. {{gli|Pair lift}}s, unlike {{gli|dance lift}}s, go over the head. Some dancers perform gender bending or "reverse" lifts, in which the woman lifts the man.}}

{{term|lip}}

{{defn|A portmanteau of "Lutz" and "flip", for an improperly executed {{gli|flip jump}}, where the inside take-off edge is mistakenly changed to an outside edge, making it a {{gli|Lutz jump}}.}}

{{term|Lo}}

{{defn|The scoring abbreviation for the {{gli|loop jump}}}}

{{term|lobe}}

{{defn|A semicircle created on the ice by a skate blade}}

{{term|long lift}}

{{defn|A group of {{gli|dance lift}}s that may last up to ten seconds in competition at the {{gli|Senior level}}}}

{{term|long program}}

{{defn|An unofficial, but widely used, name for the second and longer of the two {{gli|program}}s performed by {{gli|singles}} and {{gli|pair skating|pair skaters}} at a competition. The time limit is 4.5 minutes for men's singles and pairs, and 4 minutes for ladies' singles at the {{gli|Senior level}}.}}

{{term|loop jump}}

{{defn|{{main|Loop jump}} An {{gli|edge jump}} that takes off from a back {{gli|outside edge}} and lands on the back outside edge of the same foot}}

{{term|lunge}}

{{defn|A skating move in which one leg is bent sharply at the knee, and the other is extended backwards in a straight line with the boot or blade touching the ice}}

{{term|Lutz jump}}

{{defn|1={{main|Lutz jump}} A {{gli|toe jump}} that takes off from a back {{gli|outside edge}} and lands on the back outside edge of the opposite foot. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iKulecXlyFs You can see it performed in this video by USA Olympian, Jason Brown.]}}

{{term|Lz}}

{{defn|The scoring abbreviation for the {{gli|Lutz jump}}}}

{{Glossary end}}

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File:Mohawk-trace.png ]]

{{term|mirror skating}}

{{defn|Two or more skaters performing in such a way that they are mirroring each other – the opposite of {{gli|unison skating}}}}

{{term|mohawk turn}}

{{defn|A two-footed turn on the same {{gli|edge}}, which continues along the same {{gli|lobe}}}}

{{term|moves in the field}}

{{defn|{{main|Moves in the field}} Chiefly used in the US; also field moves (UK), skating skills (Canada). Elements of figure skating that emphasize basic skating skills such as edge control and turns, for the purposes of assessing a skater's technical ability on the ice and helping to determine the skater's competitive {{gli|level (skating)|level}}.}}

{{term|mule kick}}

{{defn|A takeoff of a {{gli|toe jump}} (usually {{gli|Lutz jump|Lutz}} or {{gli|flip jump|flip}}) where the toe-picking leg is lifted or bent excessively high}}

{{Glossary end}}

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{{Glossary}}

{{term|Nationals}}

{{defn|A country's national championships, the highest-level competition on the national level, used to decide the national champion. See List of national championships in figure skating.}}

{{anchor|novice|novice level}}{{term|Novice level}}

{{defn|The ISU {{gli|level (skating)|competition level}} below {{gli|Junior level}}. Novice-level skaters compete in some international events, but there are no Championship-level events for Novice-level skaters. For national competitions, Novice-level skaters may be further subdivided into Basic Novice, Intermediate Novice, and Advanced Novice sections.}}

{{Glossary end}}

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{{Glossary}}

{{term|OD}}

{{defn|The scoring abbreviation for the {{gli|original dance}} in an {{gli|ice dance}} competition}}

{{term|open stroke}}

{{defn|An {{gli|step|ice dance step}} that is started close to the {{gli|skating foot}} that does not cross in front or behind}}

{{term|ordinal}}

{{defn|Under the {{gli|six system|6.0 system}}, the skater's ranking within the group of skaters by a specific judge. Ordinals were more important than the specific marks.}}

{{term|original dance}}

{{defn|{{main|Original dance}} Formerly, the second {{gli|segment}} of an {{gli|ice dance}} competition. In 2010, the {{gli|International Skating Union|ISU}} eliminated the {{gli|compulsory dance|compulsory}} and original dances, merging them into the {{gli|short dance}}.}}

{{term|outside edge}}

{{defn|The {{gli|edge}} of a skate blade facing away from the body}}

{{term|over-rotated}}

{{defn|A {{gli|rotational jump|jump}} in which the skater rotates past the position for landing the jump in the air, or fails to {{gli|check}} the rotation on landing.}}

{{Glossary end}}

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{{term|PB}}

{{defn|An abbreviation for "{{gli|personal best}}"}}

{{term|PCS}}

{{defn|Abbreviation for {{gli|program components score}}}}

{{term|pair lift}}

{{defn|Type of {{gli|lift}} where the lifter's arms are raised above his shoulders}}

{{term|pair spin}}

{{defn|Type of {{gli|spin}} in which two skaters rotate around a single axis while holding onto each other}}

{{anchor|pairs}}{{term|pair skating}}

{{defn|{{main|Pair skating}} Also pairs. The skating {{gli|discipline}} in which a partnership, typically composed of a male and female skater, performs overhead {{gli|lift}}s, {{gli|twist lift}}s, {{gli|throw jump}}s, {{gli|side-by-side}} {{gli|spin}}s and {{gli|jump}}s. A pairs competition consists of two {{gli|segment|program segments}}: the {{gli|short program}} and the {{gli|free skate}}.}}

{{term|pancake spin}}

{{defn|A {{gli|sit spin}} that has the {{gli|free leg}} tucked over the other, with the upper body bent over the leg}}

{{term|pattern dance}}

{{defn|Since 2010, the official name of the compulsory portion of the {{gli|short dance}} (now the {{gli|rhythm dance}})}}

{{term|pearl spin}}

{{defn|A {{gli|layback spin}} in which the {{gli|free foot}} is pulled over the head as in a {{gli|Biellmann spin}}, however the body stays laid back. This spin was first performed by Caroline Zhang of the United States.}}

File:Caroline zhang grand prix 2007 lp 1.jpg)]]

{{term|personal best}}

{{defn|The highest score a skater has earned in {{gli|International Skating Union|ISU}} competition. Scores from national championships do not count as personal bests.}}

{{term|pivot}}

{{defn|A two-footed movement in which one foot is flexed and the {{gli|toe pick}}s are inserted into the ice as a pivot point, while the other foot travels around the pivot point, such as the movement of a drafting compass.}}File:Ing - 2017 Four Continents - 1.jpg)]]

{{term|pop}}

{{defn|As in popping a jump, also a popped jump. During a {{gli|rotational jump|jump}}, when a skater prematurely abandons their tight rotational position ("opens up") in mid-air, resulting in fewer than the desired rotations.}}

{{term|positional jump}}

{{defn|A {{gli|jump}} for the purpose of displaying a position in the air, such as a {{gli|stag leap}} and a {{gli|split jump}}}}

{{term|Preliminary level}}

{{defn|The {{gli|level (skating)|competition level}} below {{gli|Juvenile level|Juvenile}}, generally used in club/open competitions for younger competitors}}

{{term|presentation}}

{{defn|The second set of scores in the old {{gli|six system|6.0 judging system}}, also known as "Artistic Impression"}}

{{term|press lift}}

{{defn|A type of hand-to-hand {{gli|pair lift}}}}

{{term|professional}}

{{defn|Skaters who are {{gli|ineligible}} to compete in {{gli|International Skating Union|ISU}} events}}

{{term|program}}

{{defn|Skating {{gli|element}}s set to music performed by a skater in a defined length of time. All {{gli|senior level|senior-level}} disciplines currently skate two programs in most {{gli|International Skating Union|ISU}} events. Before the 2010/11 season, {{gli|ice dance}}rs performed three or four programs.}}

{{term|program components score}}

{{defn|A part of the {{gli|ISU Judging System}}; equivalent to the "presentation" mark in the old {{gli|six system|6.0 system}}}}

{{Glossary end}}

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{{Glossary}}

{{term|quad }}

{{defn|See {{gli|quadruple jump}}}}

{{term|quadruple jump}}

{{defn|{{main|Quad (figure skating)}} A {{gli|rotational jump|jump}} with four full rotations (1440 degrees) in the air. In a quadruple {{gli|Axel jump|Axel}}, the skater would need to complete 4.5 revolutions (1620 degrees).}}

{{term|qualifying round}}

{{defn|A round of competition prior to the {{gli|short program}} or {{gli|compulsory dance}} to determine which skaters qualify to compete in the main competition}}

{{Glossary end}}

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File:Sasha Cohen Split Jump.jpg

{{term|RD}}

{{defn|The scoring abbreviation for the {{gli|rhythm dance}} in an {{gli|ice dance}} competition}}

{{term|reverse rotational lift}}

{{defn|A {{gli|pair lift|pair}} or {{gli|dance lift}} in which the lifter rotates in one direction, then switches and rotates in the other direction, while {{gli|traveling}} across the ice}}

{{term|rhythm dance}}

{{defn|{{main|Rhythm dance}} The first {{gli|segment}} of an {{gli|ice dance}} competition (known as the {{gli|short dance}} prior to June 2018); each team performs a required pattern from one of the compulsory {{gli|pattern dance}}s (e.g. foxtrot, quickstep) for about half the dance, followed by original choreography with some required {{gli|element}}s, to a rhythm and/or theme designated by the {{gli|International Skating Union|ISU}} annually for the current season.{{cite web|url=https://isu.org/figure-skating/rules/id-handbooks-faq/17832-handbook-for-referees-and-judges-2019-20-final/file |title=ISU Judging System: Handbook for Referees and Judges, Ice Dance |date=30 July 2020 |website=isu.org |access-date=14 January 2021}}{{rp|3}}}}

{{term|Rippon jump}}

{{defn|Any {{gli|rotational jump}} performed with both hands clasped above the head instead of folded at the chest. This jump variation was named after Adam Rippon of the USA.}}

{{term|Rittberger}}

{{defn|Another name for the {{gli|loop jump}}, named after Werner Rittberger who invented the jump}}

File:Rocker turn.gif]]

{{term|rocker turn}}

{{defn|{{main|Rocker turn}}A one-foot turn with entry and exit on the same {{gli|edge}} but which results in a change of {{gli|lobe}} with the rotation inside the original lobe. Compare with {{gli|counter turn}}.}}

{{term|roll}}

{{defn|In {{gli|ice dance}}, a forward or backward {{gli|edge}} that is either short or long – can be a {{gli|swing roll}} or a {{gli|cross roll}}}}

{{term|rotational lift}}

{{defn|A {{gli|pair lift|pair}} or {{gli|dance lift}} in which the lifter rotates in one direction while {{gli|traveling}} across the ice}}

{{term|rotational jump}}

{{defn|{{main|Figure skating jumps}} A {{gli|jump}} in which the skater rotates in the air and typically lands on one foot going backwards. There are seven rotational jumps; {{gli|Axel jump|Axel}}, {{gli|Salchow jump|Salchow}}, {{gli|loop jump|loop}}, {{gli|toe loop jump|toe loop}}, {{gli|flip jump|flip}}, {{gli|Lutz jump|Lutz}}, and {{gli|waltz jump|waltz}}.}}

{{term|Russian split}}

{{defn|A type of {{gli|split jump}} in which the skater performs a straddle position, with the legs and the body forming a 'V' shape, in many cases also touching their toes}}

{{Glossary end}}

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{{Glossary}}

File:Sergei Davydov - piruet 2.JPG

File:Vise & Trent Spin - 2006 Skate Canada.jpg

File:Kristina Gorshkova & Vitali Butikov 2005 Croatia Cup.jpg

{{term|S}}

{{defn|The scoring abbreviation for the {{gli|Salchow jump}}}}

{{term|SB}}

{{defn|An abbreviation for "{{gli|season's best}}"}}

{{term|SD}}

{{defn|The scoring abbreviation for the {{gli|short dance}} in an {{gli|ice dance}} competition}}

{{term|SSp}}

{{defn|The scoring abbreviation for the {{gli|sit spin}}}}

{{anchor|salchow|salchow jump}}{{term|Salchow jump}}

{{defn|1={{main|Salchow jump}} An {{gli|edge jump}} that takes off from a back {{gli|inside edge}} and lands on the back {{gli|outside edge}} of the opposite foot. Named after Ulrich Salchow. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iKulecXlyFs You can see it performed in this video by USA Olympian, Jason Brown.]}}

{{term|sanction}}

{{defn|Permission to hold a competition or show, granted by the {{gli|International Skating Union|ISU}} or national governing body. {{gli|Eligible}} skaters may only compete in sanctioned events.}}

{{term|SBS}}

{{defn|An abbreviation for "{{gli|side-by-side}}"}}

{{term|school figures }}

{{defn|See {{gli|compulsory figures}}}}

{{term|scratch spin}}

{{defn|An {{gli|upright spin}} in which the skater has the {{gli|free leg}} crossed over the ankle of the spinning leg}}

{{term|season's best}}

{{defn|A skater's or team's highest score in {{gli|International Skating Union|ISU}} competition in a particular season}}

{{term|segment}}

{{defn|A component part of a figure skating competition in which a specific {{gli|program}} is performed by each competitor/team}}

{{term|senior age-eligible}}

{{defn|A skater who has reached the minimum age defined by the {{gli|International Skating Union|ISU}} for {{gli|senior level|senior-level}} competition}}

{{term|Senior B}}

{{defn|A senior-level international competition held with an ISU {{gli|sanction}} that is not a Grand Prix or ISU Championship event. An example of a Senior B event is the Nebelhorn Trophy.}}

{{term|Senior level}}

{{defn|Olympic-level competition}}

{{term|serpentine lift}}

{{defn|A type of {{gli|dance lift}} in which the lifter moves in a serpentine pattern across the ice}}

{{term|sheep jump}}File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-13391-0004, Kurt Weilert.jpg

{{defn|A {{gli|positional jump}} in which the skater jumps upwards and bends both legs backwards, reminiscent of a sheep, often with the back arched}}

{{term|shoot-the-duck}}

{{defn|A skating position in which the skater glides forward on one foot with the {{gli|skating leg}} in a bent position and the {{gli|free leg}} held forward, parallel to the ice. This is the basic position for a {{gli|sit spin}}.}}

{{term|short dance}}

{{defn|{{main|Short dance}} A {{gli|program}} in an {{gli|ice dance}} competition combining features of the discontinued {{gli|compulsory dance|compulsory}} and {{gli|original dance}}s. Note: The name of the short dance program was changed to "{{gli|rhythm dance}}" in June 2018.}}

{{term|short lift}}

{{defn|A series of {{gli|dance lift}}s that may last up to six seconds in competition at the {{gli|Senior level}}}}

{{term|short program}}

{{defn|{{main|Short program (figure skating)}} The first and shorter of the two {{gli|program}}s performed by {{gli|singles}} and {{gli|pair skating|pair skaters}} at a competition. This program has certain required {{gli|element}}s that must be completed.}}

{{term|shotgun spin}}

{{defn|An {{gli|upright spin}} position in which the skater holds the {{gli|free leg}} upwards towards the front of the body (but not in a full split position as in the {{gli|I-spin}}). The leg is held by the ankle or the calf, not the blade.}}

{{term|side-by-side}}

{{defn|{{gli|Pair skating}} {{gli|element}}s, such as {{gli|spin}}s and {{gli|jump}}s, that are performed with the skaters next to each other, as opposed to {{gli|pair spin}}s or {{gli|throw jump}}s, which are performed as a team.}}

{{term|signature move}}

{{defn|A move that a skater is known for and frequently performs, sometimes in a unique or unusual way}}

{{term|similar pair}}

{{defn|A {{gli|pair skating|pair team}} made up of two men or two women}}

{{term|simple chasse}}

{{defn|In {{gli|ice dance}}, a series of two {{gli|edge}}s across two {{gli|step}}s (such as inside and outside). On the second step, the {{gli|free foot}} is placed on the ice beside the {{gli|skating foot}} and is then lifted parallel to the ice.}}

{{term|single (jump)}}

{{defn|A {{gli|rotational jump|jump}} with one full rotation (360 degrees) in the air (one and a half rotations for a single {{gli|Axel)}}}}

{{anchor|singles}}{{term|single skating}}

{{defn|{{main|Single skating}} Also singles. The skating {{gli|discipline}} where one skater performs alone on the ice. A singles competition consists of two {{gli|segment|program segments}}: the {{gli|short program}} and the {{gli|free skate}}.}}

{{term|sit spin}}

{{defn|{{main|Sit spin}} A {{gli|spin}} position with the spinning leg bent at the knee and the {{gli|free leg}} extended forward}}

{{anchor|skating leg}}{{term|skating foot}}

{{defn|Also skating leg. The foot that is on the ice (or the leg that is supporting the body). Compare with {{gli|free leg}} and {{gli|landing leg}}.}}

{{term|skating skills}}

{{defn|See {{gli|moves in the field}}}}

{{term|skid spiral}}

{{defn|A {{gli|spiral}} variation in which the skater holds a position (usually a Y- or I-spiral) and turns from forwards to backwards, or vice versa, using a skidded {{gli|three turn}}. This move was invented by Robin Cousins and was notably performed by Sasha Cohen and Evgenia Medvedeva.}}

{{term|slide chasse}}

{{defn|In {{gli|ice dance}}, a series of two {{gli|edge}}s across two {{gli|step}}s (such as inside and outside). On the second step, the {{gli|free foot}} is placed on the ice beside the {{gli|skating foot}} and then slides off the ice in the direction the skater is skating.}}

{{term|spin}}

{{defn|{{main|Figure skating spins}} A rotation upon the ice surface, performed on the round part of the blade just behind the {{gli|toe pick}}. The three basic spins are the {{gli|upright spin}}, the {{gli|sit spin}}, and the {{gli|camel spin}}.{{cite web |url=https://www.isu.org/figure-skating/rules/sandp-handbooks-faq/24781-tphb-single-skating-2020-21-final/file |title=ISU Judging System: Technical Panel Handbook, Single Skating 2020/2021 |date=20 July 2020 |website=isu.org |access-date=14 January 2021 |page=7 |archive-date=17 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117135854/https://isu.org/figure-skating/rules/sandp-handbooks-faq/24781-tphb-single-skating-2020-21-final/file |url-status=dead }}}}

{{term|spin combination}}

{{defn|Also combination spin. A sequence of two or more {{gli|spin}} positions performed in quick succession, often including a change of {{gli|skating foot|foot}} and sometimes also a change of direction (clockwise/counter-clockwise)}}

{{term|spiral}}

{{defn|{{main|Figure skating spirals}} An {{gli|edge}} skated with the {{gli|free leg}} extended at, or above, hip level. A required {{gli|element}} for {{gli|ladies}}' and {{gli|pairs}} competitions. A good spiral depends on edge control and speed across the ice, not necessarily leg position.}}

{{term|split}}

{{defn|A position in which the legs are parallel to each other and extended in opposite directions on either the horizontal or vertical axis. See Split (gymnastics).}}

{{term|split jump}}

{{defn|A jump in the air in which a {{gli|split}} is achieved, rather than any specific rotation. See: Split jumps.}}

{{term|split twist}}

{{defn|A twist lift in which, prior to rotating, the lady performs a split with each leg separated by at least a 45 degree angle from the body axis}}

{{term|SP}}

{{defn|The scoring abbreviation for the {{gli|short program}} in a {{gli|singles}} or {{gli|pairs}} competition}}

{{term|spread eagle}}

{{defn|{{main|Spread eagle (figure skating)}} An {{gli|element}} performed with both feet on the ice, the blades turned out with the heels pointing towards each other; can be performed on {{gli|inside edge}}s (an "inside spread eagle") or {{gli|outside edge}}s (an "outside spread eagle")}}

{{term|Sotnikova spin}}

{{defn|A {{gli|catch-foot}} {{gli|camel spin}} in which the body is twisted and the {{gli|free leg}} is pulled up over the side of the body rather than over the back. This variation is colloquially named for Adelina Sotnikova.}}

{{term|stag leap}}

{{defn|A {{gli|split jump}} in which the front leg is bent under the body}}

{{term|stationary lift}}

{{defn|A {{gli|pair lift|pair}} or {{gli|dance lift}} performed "on the spot", without ice coverage}}

{{term|step}}

{{defn|In {{gli|ice dance}}, a one-foot tracing on the ice}}

{{term|step-out}}

{{defn|When a skater either under- or over-rotates a {{gli|rotational jump|jump}} so that he/she does not land cleanly and must put the {{gli|free leg}} down prematurely}}

{{term|step sequence}}

{{defn|{{main|Step sequence}} A series of footwork and field moves performed during a program. May be circular, straight line, or serpentine in pattern.}}

{{term|straight-line lift}}

{{defn|A {{gli|dance lift}} in which the lifter moves in a straight line across the ice; may be performed on one foot or two}}

{{term|stroking}}

{{defn|A way of moving across the ice and gaining speed by using the {{gli|edge}}s of the blades}}

{{term|Soldatova rule}}

{{defn|Colloquial name of the rule stating that a skater must wait out a certain amount of time from international competition when changing the country they represent. The informal name refers to Julia Soldatova.}}

{{term|swizzle}}

{{defn|Also fishes, lemons, scissors, sculling. A way of moving across the ice on two feet by pushing the feet outwards from a 90 degree angle and then pulling them together again, forming an oval on the ice}}

{{term|synchronized skating}}

{{defn|{{main|Synchronized skating}} An ice skating {{gli|discipline}} in which groups of figure skaters perform together as one unit}}

{{Glossary end}}

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{{Glossary}}

File:Jessica Miller & Ian Moram Throw Jump - 2006 Skate Canada.jpg

File:2011 WFSC 2d 259 Siobhan Heekin-Canedy Alexander Shakalov.JPG

{{term|T}}

{{defn|The scoring abbreviation for the {{gli|toe loop jump}}}}

{{term|TES}}

{{defn|Abbreviation for {{gli|technical elements score}}}}

{{term|tano jump}}

{{defn|An arm position variation during a {{gli|rotational jump}}, where one arm is extended overhead instead of folded at the chest, thus increasing the difficulty of the jump. Made famous by Brian Boitano, hence tano.}}

{{term|technical elements score}}

{{defn|A part of the {{gli|ISU Judging System}}; based on performance of {{gli|element}}s}}

{{term|three jump}}

{{defn|See {{gli|waltz jump}}}}

{{term|three turn}}

{{defn|See {{gli|three turn|3 turn}}}}

{{term|throw jump}}

{{defn|An {{gli|element}} in {{gli|pair skating}} in which one skater throws the other into the air, where she completes a normal {{gli|rotational jump|jump}}. Throw jumps usually have increased height and power because of the extra help involved.}}

{{term|toe loop jump}}

{{defn|1={{main|Toe loop jump}} A {{gli|toe jump}} that takes off from a back {{gli|outside edge}} and lands on the back outside edge of the same foot. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iKulecXlyFs You can see it performed in this video by USA Olympian, Jason Brown.]}}

{{term|toe jump}}

{{defn|Also toe-assisted jump. A general term to refer to any {{gli|rotational jump}} that uses a {{gli|toe pick}} assist; the three toe jumps that count as jump {{gli|element}}s are the {{gli|toe loop jump|toe loop}}, the {{gli|flip jump|flip}}, and the {{gli|Lutz jump|Lutz}}}}

{{term|toe pick}}

{{defn|The set of teeth at the front of a skate blade that assists a skater in {{gli|rotational jump|jump}}s and {{gli|spin}}s. See also Figure skate blades.}}

{{term|toe step}}

{{defn|An {{gli|step|ice dance step}} in which the skater walks from one {{gli|toe pick}} to the other}}

{{term|toe Walley}}

{{defn|A single or double rotation toe-assisted jump taken off from a backward inside edge. Named after American skater Nate Walley.}}{{cn|date=April 2025}}

{{term|transition}}

{{defn|A movement that connects one skating {{gli|element}} to the next}}

{{term|traveling}}

{{defn|A {{gli|spin}} that moves across the ice instead of staying {{gli|centered}} in one spot on the ice}}

{{term|triple jump}}

{{defn|A {{gli|rotational jump|jump}} with three full rotations (1080 degrees) in the air; the triple {{gli|Axel}} requires the skater to complete 3.5 revolutions (1260 degrees).}}

{{term|two-footed landing}}

{{defn|The landing of a {{gli|rotational jump}} where both feet touch the ice (a correct landing is on one foot).}}

{{term|twizzle}}

{{defn|{{main|Twizzle}} A quick multi-rotational turn on one foot while moving forwards or backwards}}

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File:Elena Sokolova 04 NHK 2.jpg

{{term|USp}}

{{defn|The scoring abbreviation for the {{gli|upright spin}}}}

{{term|under-rotated}}

{{defn|A {{gli|rotational jump|jump}} or {{gli|throw jump}} that is missing more than a quarter, but less than one-half, of a revolution}}

{{term|unison skating}}

{{defn|Two or more skaters performing the same {{gli|step}}s or {{gli|element}}s at the same time – the opposite of {{gli|mirror skating}}}}

{{term|upright spin}}

{{defn|{{main|Upright spin}} One of the three basic {{gli|spin}} positions}}

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{{term|WS}}

{{defn|Abbreviation for {{gli|World Standings}}}}

{{term|Walley jump}}

{{defn|A single or double rotation jump taken off from a backward {{gli|inside edge}}. Named after American skater Nate Walley.}}

{{term|waltz jump}}

{{defn|Also three jump. A 180-degree rotation, one of the first jumps skaters learn}}

{{term|warm-up group}}

{{defn|See {{gli|flight}}}}

{{term|World Figure Skating Championships}}

{{defn|{{main|World Figure Skating Championships}} An ISU Championship at the World-level in which skaters compete for the title of World Champion}}

{{term|World Junior Figure Skating Championships}}

{{defn|{{main|World Junior Figure Skating Championships}} An ISU Championship at the World-level in which skaters who are {{gli|junior age-eligible}} compete for the title of World Junior Champion}}

{{anchor|Junior Worlds}}{{term|World Juniors}}

{{defn|Also Junior Worlds. Informal name for the World Junior Figure Skating Championships}}

{{term|Worlds}}

{{defn|Informal name for the World Figure Skating Championships}}

{{anchor|world Standings}}{{term|World Standings}}

{{defn|A ranking based on certain international results over the current and preceding two seasons}}

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File:Shawn Sawyer Spin - 2006 Skate Canada.jpg

{{term|Y-spin}}

{{defn|An {{gli|upright spin}} position in which the {{gli|free leg}} is pulled up into a vertical {{gli|split}} towards the side of the body, creating a 'Y' shape}}

{{term|Y-spiral}}

{{defn|A {{gli|spiral}} position in which the {{gli|free leg}} is held up in a vertical {{gli|split}} towards the side of the body, creating a 'Y' shape}}

{{term|Yuna spin}}

{{defn|A {{gli|camel spin}} variation in which the body is twisted so it is facing upwards and the {{gli|free leg}} is bent. Named after 2010 Olympic champion Yuna Kim who frequently performed the move.}}

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{{anchor|Zayak rule}}{{term|Zayak rule}}

{{defn|A colloquial name for the rule that limits the number of times a skater can perform multi-revolution {{gli|rotational jump|jumps}} in a program. In its original form, the rule limited female {{gli|singles|single skaters}} to a maximum of four triple jumps in their {{gli|free program}} at the Senior level. However, it now applies to both double and triple jumps at any level. The latest amendment, adopted by the {{gli|International Skating Union|ISU}} in June 2018, states that "of all triple and quadruple jumps only two can be executed twice" and "of the two repetitions only one can be a quadruple jump".{{cite web|url=https://isu.org/figure-skating/rules/fsk-regulations-rules/file |title=ISU Special Regulations & Technical Rules, Single & Pair Skating and Ice Dance 2018 |date=June 2018 |website=isu.org |page=110}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1065984/repetition-of-quad-jumps-limited-as-isu-approve-package-of-technical-rules|title=Repetition of quad jumps limited as ISU approve package of technical rules|last=Pavitt|first=Michael|date=7 June 2018|website=insidethegames.biz|access-date=15 June 2019}} The unofficial name of the rule refers to Elaine Zayak, who gained an athletic advantage by performing multiple double {{gli|Axel jump|Axels}} and triple {{gli|loop jump|loops}} in place of other less valuable technical elements.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/05/16/sports/figure-skating-zayak-s-biggest-jump-a-leap-into-the-past.html |title=FIGURE SKATING; Zayak's Biggest Jump: A Leap Into the Past |last=Bondy |first=Filip |date=16 May 1993 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=14 January 2021}} The rule was enacted after the 1982 world championships in which Zayak had performed the same jump four times, specifically a triple toe loop.{{cite web|url=https://olympics.nbcsports.com/2019/01/04/nancy-kerrigan-tonya-harding-attack-25th-anniversary/ |title=Remembering the attack on Nancy Kerrigan at the figure skating national championships 25 years ago |date=4 January 2019 |last=Hersh |first=Philip |website=olympics.nbcsports.com |access-date=14 January 2021}}}}

{{anchor|Zagitova rule}}{{term|Zagitova rule}}

{{defn|A colloquial term for the rule that limits skaters to receiving a 10% bonus for jumps to a maximum of one jump element in the second half of the short program and a maximum of three jump elements in the second half of the free skating program.{{cite web|url=https://isu.org/figure-skating/rules/fsk-regulations-rules/file |title=ISU Special Regulations & Technical Rules, Single & Pair Skating and Ice Dance 2018 |date=June 2018 |website=isu.org |page=16}}{{cite web |url=https://www.ifsmagazine.com/new-season-new-rules/ |title=New Season New Rules |last=Walker |first=Elvin |date=19 September 2018 |website=IFSmagazine.com |access-date=3 February 2021 |archive-date=24 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024192242/https://www.ifsmagazine.com/new-season-new-rules/ |url-status=dead }} The rule was adopted by the ISU in 2018 after Olympic champion Alina Zagitova performed all of her jumps in the second half of her free program at the 2018 Winter Olympics to receive maximum bonus points, contributing to her win.{{cite web|url=https://www.olympicchannel.com/en/stories/news/detail/2019-2020-figure-skating-season-preview-zagitova-hanyu-chen-quads/ |title=Everything you need to know about 2019/20 figure skating season |last1=Palar |first1=Sanjeev |last2=Goh |first2=ZK |date=5 September 2019 |website=OlympicChannel.com |access-date=3 February 2021}}}}

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{{Reflist}}

• [http://www.usfigureskating.org/story?id=83964&menu=figureskatingatoz Glossary of Terms] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180215023523/http://www.usfigureskating.org/story?id=83964&menu=figureskatingatoz |date=2018-02-15 }} at U.S. Figure Skating
• [https://www.isu.org International Skating Union]

{{Figure skating}}

{{Glossaries of sports}}

Category:Figure skating

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Figure skating

Category:Figure skating-related lists

Category:Wikipedia glossaries using description lists