GnRH2

{{Short description|Protein fragment in Homo sapiens}}

{{more citations needed|date=June 2011}}

{{Infobox gene}}

GnRH2, also known as gonadotropin-releasing hormone II or LHRH-II. Its gene is located on human chromosome 20.{{EntrezGene|2797}}

Most vertebrate species possess two or three forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) expressed in three distinct brain regions. Although the function of the hypothalamic form (GnRH1; common to many vertebrates), in controlling the reproductive axis has been defined, the functions of the other two isoforms (GnRH2 and GnRH3) remain largely unknown.[http://press.endocrine.org/doi/abs/10.1210/en.2009-1207?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed The Highly Conserved Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-2 Form Acts as a Melatonin-Releasing Factor in the Pineal of a Teleost Fish, the European Sea Bass Dicentrarchus labrax]{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} The presence and conservation of GnRH2 across vertebrate species indicate important biological roles, but the absence of GnRH2 in rodents has greatly hampered the use of these vertebrate models and modern molecular tools to pursue its functions.[http://www.nature.com/srep/2014/140114/srep03676/full/srep03676.html Comprehensive Analysis of GnRH2 Neuronal Projections in Zebrafish]

A relatively well-documented function of GnRH2 is that the administration of GnRH2 has anorexigenic effects in female musk shrew,{{cite journal | vauthors = Kauffman AS, Rissman EF | title = The evolutionarily conserved gonadotropin-releasing hormone II modifies food intake | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 145 | issue = 2 | pages = 686–691 | date = February 2004 | pmid = 14576176 | doi = 10.1210/en.2003-1150 | doi-access = }} mouse,{{cite journal | vauthors = Kauffman AS, Rissman EF | title = A critical role for the evolutionarily conserved gonadotropin-releasing hormone II: mediation of energy status and female sexual behavior | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 145 | issue = 8 | pages = 3639–3646 | date = August 2004 | pmid = 15105381 | doi = 10.1210/en.2004-0148 | doi-access = free }} goldfish {{cite journal | vauthors = Matsuda K, Nakamura K, Shimakura S, Miura T, Kageyama H, Uchiyama M, Shioda S, Ando H | display-authors = 6 | title = Inhibitory effect of chicken gonadotropin-releasing hormone II on food intake in the goldfish, Carassius auratus | journal = Hormones and Behavior | volume = 54 | issue = 1 | pages = 83–89 | date = June 2008 | pmid = 18342861 | doi = 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.01.011 | s2cid = 23262968 }} and zebrafish,[http://www.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fendo.2012.00122/full Gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2 suppresses food intake in the zebrafish, Danio rerio] but the mechanisms are still unclear.