Godfrey Elton, 1st Baron Elton

Elton was born on 29 March 1892 in Sherington, Oxfordshire, England.{{cite web | url=https://livesofthefirstworldwar.iwm.org.uk/lifestory/5268794 | title=Life story: Godfrey Elton | Lives of the First World War }} He was the eldest son of Edward Fiennes Elton and his wife Violet Hylda Fletcher.{{Cite ODNB|first=G. E. F. |last=Chilver |title=Elton, Godfrey, first Baron Elton (1892–1973) |id=31075 |date=4 October 2007}} He was educated at Rugby School, then an all-boys public school (i.e. independent boarding school). At Balliol College, Oxford, he first studied Literae humaniores (i.e. classics), and gaining a first class in Moderations in 1913.Oxford University Calendar 1916, Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1916, p. 247. He then changed course to study history. However, he never took his finals as, following the outbreak of the First World War, he volunteered for the British Army.

On 19 September 1914, he was commissioned into the Hampshire Regiment as a second lieutenant.{{London Gazette |issue= 28922 |date= 2 October 1914 |page= 7824 |supp= }} He was assigned to the 4th Battalion. He was promoted to lieutenant (temporary) on 29 November 1914.{{London Gazette |issue= 29003 |date= 11 December 1914 |page= 10591 |supp= }} He fought in the Mesopotamian campaign and was wounded during the siege of Kut-el-Amara. After Kut fell in April 1916, he was taken prisoner by the Turks. He spent the rest of the war in captivity, continuing his interest in history "so far as conditions allowed".

After the war Elton was elected a Fellow of Queen's College, Oxford, in 1919, and was lecturer in modern history from 1919 to 1939, dean of the college between 1921 and 1923 and tutor from 1927 to 1934. In 1923 he published The Revolutionary Idea in France, 1789–1878.

In 1939 Elton gave up his teaching fellowship at Queen's College and the same year he became secretary of the Rhodes Trust, a post he held until 1959.

Elton was the author of several books, notably a biography of Ramsay MacDonald, entitled The Life of James Ramsay MacDonald 1866–1919. In 1938 he published his autobiography, Among Others. In 1954 he published a biography of General Charles Gordon.

Elton's writings were cited by George Orwell in his famous essay Notes on Nationalism as a prime example of what Orwell characterised as "Neo-Toryism".{{Cite web | url=http://orwell.ru/library/essays/nationalism/english/e_nat | title=George Orwell: Notes on Nationalism}}

Elton was also involved in politics. He joined the Labour Party shortly after the end of World War I and stood unsuccessfully for Thornbury in the 1924 and 1929 general elections. He was a strong supporter of Ramsay MacDonald, whose son Malcolm MacDonald had been his pupil at Oxford, and followed him into National Labour.

In the 1934 New Year Honours, it was announced that Elton was to be made a baron "for political and public services".{{London Gazette |issue= 34010 |date= 29 December 1933 |page= 1 |supp= y }} On 16 January 1934, he was raised to the peerage as Baron Elton, of Headington in the County of Oxford.{{London Gazette |issue=34016 |date=19 January 1934 |page=458}} Elton's somewhat controversial elevation to the peerage caused fellow historian Lewis Namier to remark: "In the eighteenth-century peers made their tutors under-secretaries; in the twentieth under-secretaries make their tutors peers" (Malcolm MacDonald was at the time serving as Under-Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs). Lord Elton was a frequent speaker in the House of Lords and a member of several government committees.

Lord Elton married Dedi, daughter of Gustav Hartmann of Oslo, Norway, in 1921. They had three children, one son and two daughters:

• Hon. Audrey Elton (born 22 June 1922)
• Hon. Rosemary Elton (22 January 1925 – 2 June 2017)
• Rodney Elton, 2nd Baron Elton (2 March 1930 – 19 August 2023)

Lord Elton died at the Dower House in Sutton Bonington, Nottinghamshire on 18 April 1973 aged 81. His son Rodney succeeded him in the peerage and became a Conservative government minister. Lady Elton died in 1977.

{{Emblem table

|image = File:Coronet of a British Baron.svg File:Elton Escutcheon.png

|notes = Coat of arms of the Elton family

|coronet = A coronet of a Baron

|crest =Between two pierced Mullets and out of a Wreath of Laurel fructed Or, a Dexter Arm embowed in Mail proper, tied about the elbow a Cord Or, the Gauntlet grasping a Scimitar proper, hilted and pommeled Or.

| escutcheon = Paly Or and Gules, a Bend Sable, and on a Chief of the last three pierced Mullets Or. |supporters = Dexter: a Knight in Mail and White Surcoat supporting with the exterior hand a Sword point downwards proper, hilted and pommeled Or; Sinister: a Viking habited proper, mantled Azure, supporting with the exterior hand a Battleaxe head downwards and outwards proper.

|motto = Fide Quam Fortuna (By faith rather than fortune)

}}

{{reflist}}

• Blake, Lord; Nicholls, C. S. (editors) The Dictionary of National Biography, 1971–1980 Oxford University Press, 1986
• Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors) Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition) New York: St Martin's Press, 1990, {{Page needed |date=February 2013}}
• {{Rayment|date=February 2012}}

• [https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/mr-godfrey-elton Contributions to the House of Lords – Hansard]

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Category:1892 births

Category:1973 deaths

Category:Military personnel from Oxfordshire

Category:British World War I prisoners of war

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Category:Royal Hampshire Regiment officers

Category:People educated at Rugby School

Category:Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford

Category:World War I prisoners of war held by the Ottoman Empire

Category:British Army personnel of World War I

Category:Fellows of the Queen's College, Oxford

Category:British biographers

Category:National Labour (UK) politicians

Category:Barons created by George V