Golar Spirit
{{Short description|Liquefied natural gas storage ship}}
| {{Infobox ship begin |display title=ital}}
{{Infobox ship image |Ship image= |Ship caption= }} {{Infobox ship career |Hide header= | Ship flag = |Ship name= Golar Spirit |Ship owner= Sovereign Spirit Limited, a subsidiary of Golar LNG |Ship operator= |Ship registry= {{MHL}}, Majuro |Ship route= |Ship ordered= 1973 |Ship builder= Kawasaki Heavy Industries |Ship original cost= |Ship yard number=107920 |Ship way number= |Ship laid down= |Ship launched=30 June 1977 |Ship completed=1981 |Ship christened= |Ship acquired= |Ship maiden voyage= |Ship in service= |Ship out of service= |Ship identification=*Call sign: V7HA4
|Ship fate= |Ship status= Laid-Up in Elefsina, Greece |Ship notes= }} {{Infobox ship characteristics |Hide header= |Header caption= |Ship class= 1A1 Tanker for Liquefied Gas REGAS-2 E0 |Ship tonnage= {{convert|106577|long ton|short ton|lk=on}} |Ship displacement= |Ship length= {{convert|289.01|m|ftin|abbr=on}} |Ship beam= {{convert|44.61|m|ftin|abbr=on}} |Ship height= |Ship draught= {{convert|12.524|m|ftin|abbr=on}} |Ship draft= |Ship depth= |Ship decks= |Ship deck clearance= |Ship ramps= |Ship ice class= |Ship sail plan= |Ship power= |Ship propulsion= |Ship speed= {{convert|19.5|knot|mph km/h}} |Ship capacity=*{{convert|7000000|m3/d|abbr=on}} (regasification)
|Ship crew= |Ship notes= }} |
Golar Spirit is a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU). It is the world's first FSRU converted from a liquefied natural gas (LNG) carrier.
{{cite news
| url = http://www.downstreamtoday.com/news/article.aspx?a_id=14924
| title = Golar LNG Delivers World's First FSRU to Petrobras
| publisher = Downstream Today
| date = 2009-01-30
| accessdate = 2009-01-31}}
History
Golar Spirit was built by the Kawasaki Shipbuilding Corporation in 1981 as an LNG carrier.{{Cite web
| title = Golar Spirit
| publisher = Det Norske Veritas
| url = https://exchange.dnv.com/Exchange/Main.aspx?EXTool=Vessel&VesselID=09639
| accessdate = 2009-01-31
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060320140912/https://exchange.dnv.com/Exchange/Main.aspx?EXTool=Vessel&VesselID=09639
| archive-date = 2006-03-20
| url-status = dead
}} It was the first Japan-built and first Asia-built LNG carrier.
{{Cite web
| title = History of Kawasaki
| publisher = Kawasaki Shipbuilding Corporation
| url= http://www.khi.co.jp/english/company/history/003.html
| accessdate =2009-02-05}}
In 1986, Golar Spirit was chartered for twenty years by Indonesian oil and gas company Pertamina.
{{Cite news
|title=SqueezeTrigger Price is $14.905. There is $67,298,468.00 That Short Sellers Still Need To Cover
|publisher=TradingMarkets
|url=http://www.tradingmarkets.com/.site/news/Stock%20News/1892098/
|date=2008-09-19
|accessdate=2009-02-05
}}{{dead link|date=January 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
It served the line delivering LNG from Indonesia to South Korea.
{{Cite book
| title = The Global Liquefied Natural Gas Market: Status and Outlook. Appendix L. LNG Tanker Fleet
| publisher = Energy Information Administration
| url= http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/analysispaper/global/pdf/app_l.pdf
| id = DOE/EIA-0637
| date = December 2003
| accessdate =2009-02-05}}
In April 2007, Golar Spirit was charter contracted by Petrobras to serve as the Pecém LNG terminal. The conversion started in October 2007 at the Keppel Shipyard in Singapore.{{cite press release
|url = http://www.golarlng.com/index.php?name=seksjon/Stock_Exchange_Releases/Press_Releases.html&pressrelease=1195094.html
|title = Golar LNG Q4 2007 Results
|publisher = Golar LNG
|date = 2008-02-25
|accessdate = 2009-02-04
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161130043416/http://www.golarlng.com/index.php?name=seksjon%2FStock_Exchange_Releases%2FPress_Releases.html&pressrelease=1195094.html
|archive-date = 2016-11-30
|url-status = dead
{{cite news
|url = http://www.seatradeasia-online.com/News/2141.html
|title = Golar LNG converts second FSRU at Keppel
|publisher = Seatrade Asia Online
|date = 2007-12-27
|accessdate = 2009-01-31
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080325060457/http://www.seatradeasia-online.com/News/2141.html
|archivedate = 2008-03-25
}}
The conversion was completed in mid-2008 and Golar Spirit headed to Brazil on 11 June 2008. On her course, the Golar Spirit transported a LNG load from Trinidad and Tobago to Brazil.
{{cite news
|url = http://www.energycurrent.com/index.php?id=2&storyid=11209
|title = Golar Spirit headed for Brazil
|publisher = Energy Current
|date = 2008-06-13
|accessdate = 2009-02-03
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090217194318/http://www.energycurrent.com/index.php?id=2
|archivedate = 2009-02-17
}}
{{cite news
| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS75472+14-Aug-2008+MW20080814
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130201115253/http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS75472+14-Aug-2008+MW20080814
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 2013-02-01
| title = Golar LNG Q2 2008 Results
| publisher = Reuters
| date = 2008-08-14
| accessdate = 2009-02-04}}
She arrived in Pecém on 22 July 2008.
On 30 January 2009, Golar Spirit became the first vessel of this kind, which regasified LNG aboard.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}}
Technical description
The FSRU Golar Spirit operates at a jetty to which it is moored. LNG is transported to the FSRU by LNG carriers, that berth to the other side of the jetty. The LNG is vaporized in the onboard regasification system, which enables the FSRU to provide natural gas to the onshore consumers (power plants). It is a steel mono hull with LNG tanks arranged in the middle, with the re-gasification plant in the forward section and crew facilities with control room and utility machinery in the aft section. The engineering of the regasification system and the tanks were provided by Moss Maritime of Norway.
{{cite journal
| url = http://www.km.kongsberg.com/ks/web/nokbg0238.nsf/AllWeb/AB8F2411D68B4613C1257424002D3959?OpenDocument
| title = LNG in the fast lane
| journal = The Full Picture Magazine
| publisher = Kongsberg Maritime
| year = 2008
|issue = 1
| accessdate = 2009-02-04}}
{{cite journal
| title = Thermax vaporisers for Golar LNG FSRU
| journal = LNG World Shipping
| publisher = Riviera Maritime Media Ltd
| date = February–March 2008}}
The Norwegian company Bjørge engineered its pressure protection system through its subsidiary Solberg & Andersen.{{cite press release
|title=Bjørge supplies instrumented safety system to Golar Spirit
|url=http://101011.c.telecomputing.no/modules/module_123/proxy.asp?D=2&C=210&I=2202&mid=353&sid=312
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724185023/http://101011.c.telecomputing.no/modules/module_123/proxy.asp?D=2&C=210&I=2202&mid=353&sid=312
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=2011-07-24
|publisher=Bjørge
|date=2008-05-05
|accessdate=2009-02-05
}}
Golar Spirit is equipped with a regasification system comprising high pressure LNG pumps, cryogenic LNG vaporizers and associated valves, piping and instrumentation. LNG pumps are provided by Shinko, while LNG vaporizers are provided by Thermax. The vaporizers use steam generated by the onboard existing steam boilers. The design pressure of the vaporizers exceeds {{convert|85|bar}}. Each vaporiser with wall thickness of over {{convert|55|mm|in|sp=us}} is over {{convert|8|m|ft|sp=us}} long and weighs in excess of {{convert|5.5|metric ton|short ton}}. The regasification capacity of the Golar Spirit is {{convert|7|e6m3/d|sp=us}} (over {{convert|240|metric ton|short ton|disp=or}} of LNG per hour), and its storage capacity is {{convert|129|e3m3|sp=us}} of LNG, equivalent to {{convert|77|e6m3|sp=us}} of natural gas.{{citation needed|date=August 2015}}
Det Norske Veritas has issued a Statement of Approval of the Regasification Plant and Interim Class Certificate confirming the REGAS-2 Class notation.
Ownership
Golar Spirit was initially owned by Golar LNG. It was charter contracted by Petrobras for ten years starting from the second half of 2008 however, it announced in December 2016 that it would terminate the contract early on June 21, 2017.{{cite web | url=https://www.lngworldnews.com/petrobras-terminates-golar-spirit-fsru-charter-early/ | title=Petrobras terminates Golar Spirit FSRU charter early | date=27 December 2016 }} Golar Spirit has been in layup since.{{cite web | url=https://globenewswire.com/news-release/2018/02/28/1401278/0/en/Golar-LNG-Partners-L-P-preliminary-fourth-quarter-and-financial-year-2017-results.html | title=Golar LNG Partners L.P. Preliminary fourth quarter and financial year 2017 results | date=28 February 2018 }}{{Cite web |last=Hine (l_hine) |first=Lucy |date=2019-05-30 |title=Golar LNG primed to reactivate laid-up FSRU for next Brazil job {{!}} TradeWinds |url=https://www.tradewindsnews.com/gas/golar-lng-primed-to-reactivate-laid-up-fsru-for-next-brazil-job/2-1-610271 |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=TradeWinds {{!}} Latest shipping and maritime news |language=en}} Its peer vessel, Golar Freeze, was moved to Brazil in 2019.{{Cite web |title=Tanker Golar Freeze keeps oceans free from waste with LFC Biodigester |url=https://powerknot.com/2021/07/27/keeping-oceans-clean-with-the-golar-freeze/ |access-date=2023-04-10 |website=Power Knot |language=en}} A 2020 report by Golar LNG claimed that it would cost $10 million to reactivate the vessel.{{Cite web |last=Hine (l_hine) |first=Lucy |date=2020-08-14 |title=Golar LNG Partners floats new hub concept for its FSRUs {{!}} TradeWinds |url=https://www.tradewindsnews.com/gas/golar-lng-partners-floats-new-hub-concept-for-its-fsrus/2-1-858093 |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=TradeWinds {{!}} Latest shipping and maritime news |language=en}}
The vessel was sold to New Fortress Energy and renamed FSRU Spirit and offered for charter following the Ukraine conflict's impact on gas pipelines.{{Cite web |last=Hine (l_hine) |first=Lucy |date=2022-04-06 |title=New Fortress Energy offers out FSRUs as market demand escalates |url=https://www.tradewindsnews.com/gas/new-fortress-energy-offers-out-fsrus-as-market-demand-escalates/2-1-1196008 |access-date=2023-04-10 |website=TradeWinds {{!}} Latest shipping and maritime news |language=en}}