Goldilocks principle

File: The-Goldilocks-Effect-Human-Infants-Allocate-Attention-to-Visual-Sequences-That-Are-Neither-Too-pone.0036399.s002.ogv

In cognitive science and developmental psychology, the Goldilocks effect or principle refers to an infant's preference to attend events that are neither too simple nor too complex according to their current representation of the world.{{cite journal|title=The Goldilocks Effect: Human Infants Allocate Attention to Visual Sequences That Are Neither Too Simple Nor Too Complex|first1=Celeste|last1=Kidd|first2=Steven T.|last2=Piantadosi|first3=Richard N.|last3=Aslin|date=23 May 2012|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=7|issue=5|pages=e36399|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0036399|pmid=22649492|pmc=3359326|bibcode = 2012PLoSO...736399K |doi-access=free}} This effect was observed in infants, who are less likely to look away from a visual sequence when the current event is moderately probable, as measured by an idealized learning model.

In astrobiology, the Goldilocks zone refers to the habitable zone around a star. As Stephen Hawking put it, "Like Goldilocks, the development of intelligent life requires that planetary temperatures be 'just right{{'"}}.S Hawking, The Grand Design (London 2011) p. 194 The Rare Earth hypothesis uses the Goldilocks principle in the argument that a planet must be neither too far away from nor too close to a star and galactic centre to support life, while either extreme would result in a planet incapable of supporting life.{{cite web|url=http://www.ucar.edu/learn/1_1_2_1t.htm|title=Activity 1 Teacher Guide: The Goldilocks Principle|first=Marianne|last=Weingroff|access-date=25 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204114447/http://www.ucar.edu/learn/1_1_2_1t.htm|archive-date=4 December 2017|url-status=dead}} Such a planet is colloquially called a "Goldilocks Planet".{{cite news

| first = Hazel

| last = Muir

| url = https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn11710

| title = 'Goldilocks' planet may be just right for life

| work = New Scientist

| date = 25 April 2007

| access-date = 2 April 2009

}}{{cite web

| date = 31 August 2005

| url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/science/goldilocksplanet.shtml

| title = The Goldilocks Planet

| publisher = BBC Radio 4

| access-date = 2 April 2009

}} Paul Davies has argued for the extension of the principle to cover the selection of our universe from a (postulated) multiverse: "Observers arise only in those universes where, like Goldilocks' porridge, things are by accident 'just right{{'"}}.{{Cite book |last=Davies |first=Paul |author-link=Paul Davies |title=The Goldilocks Enigma |publisher=HMH |date=2008 |isbn=9780547348469 |location=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/goldilocksenigma0000davi/page/298 298]|title-link=The Goldilocks Enigma }}

In medicine, it can refer to a drug that can hold both antagonist (inhibitory) and agonist (excitatory) properties. For example, the antipsychotic Aripiprazole causes not only antagonism of dopamine D2 receptors in areas such as the mesolimbic area of the brain (which shows increased dopamine activity in psychosis) but also agonism of dopamine receptors in areas of dopamine hypoactivity, such as the mesocortical area.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}

In economics, a Goldilocks economy sustains moderate economic growth and low inflation, which allows a market-friendly monetary policy. Goldilocks pricing, also known as good–better–best pricing, is a marketing strategy that uses product differentiation to offer three versions of a product to corner different parts of the market: a high-end version, a middle version, and a low-end version.

In communication, the Goldilocks principle describes the amount, type, and detail of communication necessary in a system to maximise effectiveness while minimising redundancy and excessive scope on the "too much" side and avoiding incomplete or inaccurate communication on the "too little" side.{{cite web|url=http://vividmethod.com/goldilocks-communication-just-the-right-amount-of-information/|title=Goldilocks communication: Just the right amount of information|date=18 May 2011}}

In statistics, the "Goldilocks Fit" references a linear regression model that represents the perfect flexibility to reduce the error caused by bias and variance.

In the design sprint, the "Goldilocks Quality" means to create a prototype with just enough quality to evoke honest reactions from customers.{{cite book|last1=Knapp|first1=Jake|title=Sprint: how to solve big problems and test new ideas in just five days.|date=2016|publisher=Simon & Schuster|page=170|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/25814544-sprint}}

In machine learning, the Goldilocks learning rate is the learning rate that results in an algorithm taking the fewest steps to achieve minimal loss. Algorithms with a learning rate that is too large often fail to converge at all, while those with too small a learning rate take too long to converge.{{cite book |first1=Nikhil |last1=Buduma |first2=Nicholas |last2=Locascio |year=2017 |title=Fundamentals of Deep Learning : Designing Next-Generation Machine Intelligence Algorithms |publisher=O'Reilly |isbn=978-1-4919-2558-4 |page=21 }}

• Cosmic Jackpot
• Frugality
• Anthropic principle
• Big History
• Fine-tuned universe
• Golden mean (philosophy)
• Anna Karenina principle

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