Golovin–Sivtsev table
{{Short description|Standardized table for testing visual acuity}}
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| image = Golovin-Sivtsev Table.svg
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| purpose = testing visual acuity
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The Golovin–Sivtsev table ({{langx|ru|Таблица Головина-Сивцева|Tablitsa Golovina-Sivtseva}}) is a standardized table for testing visual acuity, which was developed in 1923 by Soviet ophthalmologists Sergei Golovin and D. A. Sivtsev.{{in lang|ru}} [http://www.ochki.net/articles/article-18-141.html Refraction and acuity] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421160732/http://www.ochki.net/articles/article-18-141.html |date=2012-04-21 }} In the USSR, it was the most common table of its kind, and {{As of|2008|lc=on}} its use is still widespread in several post-Soviet states.{{in lang|ru}} [http://medarticle30.moslek.ru/articles/40823.htm Golovin–Sivtsev table for determining the visual acuity] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080605235501/http://medarticle30.moslek.ru/articles/40823.htm|date=2008-06-05}}
The table consists of two parts with 12 rows each, representing visual acuity values between 0.1 and 2.0.{{in lang|ru}} [http://nekin.narod.ru/siv/siv.htm Some information on Golovin–Sivtsev table] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201152821/http://nekin.narod.ru/siv/siv.htm|date=2008-12-01}} — that website as a whole doesn't seem to be reliable, but it seems to present reliable information on Golovin-Sivtsev table dimensions The left part consists of series of the Cyrillic letters Ш, Б, М, Н, К, Ы, and И in a definite order, and the right part of the table consists of a series of Landolt C symbols. The width of each character is equal to its height, and the contours have standard {{frac|5}} gaps of the overall size.
The value D, indicated to the left of each row, gives the distance in meters from which a person with a visual acuity of 1.0 can read the corresponding row. The value V, indicated to the right, gives the minimum visual acuity needed to read the row from a distance of 5 meters. The first row contains symbols 70 mm in size (V = 0.1); the second row, 35 mm; the bottom third row, 7 mm (V = 1.0); the bottom row, 3.5 mm (V = 2.0).
Black and white pattern identification at 1 arcminute angle is considered to be visual acuity of 1.0, which is around 1 mm per 3.44 m distance. A character 7 mm in size has 1.4 mm pattern gaps, so over the 5 m view distance it gives an angle of around 1 arcminutes (atan(0.007/5/5)≈0.963').
There are two types of the table. The first is shorter, second is longer version.