Golyad language

Based on Baltic substratum and hydronomy in the Protva Basin, the following phonology can be reconstructed:Dini (2014), p. 311-312.{{cite journal|last=Лекомцева|first=Маргарита Ивановна|year=1983|title=Zur phonologischen Rekonstruktion der Goljad'-Sprache|language=de|trans-title=On the phonological reconstruction of the Goljad' language|volume=19|issue=2|pages=114–119|journal=Baltistica|publisher=Baltų kalbų tyrinėjimai|place=Vilnius|doi=10.15388/baltistica.19.2.1591|doi-access=free}}

There are some Russian dialectal words from the Protva Basin region suspected to be of Baltic origin:Dini (2014), p. 312.

It is believed that the hydronyms "Lama", "Yauza", "Nudol" and "Churilikha" have Baltic origins.{{cite web|date=2008|url=https://xn--80aegcb0anqti.xn--p1ai/moskraeved/info/pospelov_geonazvaniya_%20mosobl2007.pdf|title= Географические названия Московской области: топонимический словарь: более 3500 единиц|language=Russian|issn=0304-3487|author=Evgeny Mikhailovich Pospelov|pages=174|access-date=2024-11-14}} Specifically, the Churilikha's name has origins in the Lithuanian language's name for narrow and other names for the Churilikha such as Goledyanka have origins from the Golyad's themselves.{{cite web|title=В поисках реки Голедянки|url=http://goledyanka.narod.ru/River.htm|language=Russian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323061529/http://goledyanka.narod.ru/River.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 March 2010|access-date=13 November 2024}} It is also believed that the name of the two villages of Golyadi has their names originate from the Golyads.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g20OEAAAQBAJ|date=11 December 2020|author=Walther Friesen|title=The Russia-Germans - An Indigenous People of Eastern Europe: An Outline of Its History|chapter=1|isbn=9783752646337|publisher=Books on Demand|pages=20|access-date=2024-11-16}}

Golyad and West Galindian have been proposed by scientists to have had a common origin that is based on two ancient authors using the common name of Galindian for both of them.Dini (2014), p. 309.{{cite book|language=pl|chapter=Zagadnienie Galindów|trans-chapter=The Galindian question|title=Studia Historica. W 35-lecia pracy naukowej Henryka Łowmiańskiego|trans-title=Studia Historica. On the 35th jubilee of Henryk Łowmiański's scientific work|editor-first=Aleksander|publisher=Państwowe Wydawn. Naukowe|editor-last=Gieysztor|year=1958|place=Warsaw|pages=37–41|first=Jan Szczepan|last=Otrębski}} In order to prove this hypothesis, they investigate common features between Prussian/West Galindian and Golyad.Dini (2014), p. 309-310.

Marija Gimbutas suggested that both the Golyads and West Galindians name could both originate from the name for end or borderland in Lithuanian (gãlas) and Latvian (gàls). There has also been a suggestion that the West Galindians name comes from the Prussian word for death (gallan).{{cite book|date=2013|author=Pauli Rahkonen|title=South-Eastern contact area of Finnic languages in the light of onomastics|chapter=4|isbn=9789637326189|publisher=Central European University Press|pages=109–111|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PmDTEAAAQBAJ|access-date=2024-11-15}} This name could have come from the Golyad being the furthest Baltic tribe in the east.

Some theories that propose a relationship between West Galindian and Golyad are that the West Galindians migrated from their homeland in Prussia towards the Protva basin. People believe this migration would have been one in the Migration Period and would have occurred between the 5th and 7th centuries.{{cite book|date=1 January 2000|author=Endre Bojtar|title=Foreword to The Past: A Cultural History of the Baltic People|chapter=2|isbn=9789525866155|publisher=University of Helsinki|pages=209}} In this theory, another group who also migrated West during this period, the Goths, are believed to have also inspired language and culture of the Golyads. Another theory is that Golyads were West Galindians that were captured during wars with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Russian duchies, but this is unlikely as local Slavs wouldn't have replaced their own names for regions for names from their POWs.

{{reflist}}

• {{citation|first=Pietro U.|last=Dini|title=Foundations of Baltic languages|translator-first1=Milda B.|translator-last1=Richardson|translator-first2=Robert E.|translator-last2=Richardson|publisher=Vilniaus universitetas|place=Vilnius|date=2014|isbn=978-609-437-263-6}}

{{Baltic languages}}

Category:Baltic languages

Category:Medieval languages

Category:Extinct Baltic languages

Category:Extinct languages of Europe

Category:Languages of Russia