Gomphidius

{{Short description|Genus of mushrooms}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Gomphidius glutinosus 131007.jpg

| image_caption = Gomphidius glutinosus

| taxon = Gomphidius

| authority = Fr. (1836)

| type_species = Gomphidius glutinosus

| type_species_authority = (Schaeff.) Fr. (1838)

}}

Gomphidius is a genus of mushrooms, commonly known as spike-caps, that are members of the Boletales (suborder Suillineae), or pored fungi. They appear to have gill-like structures which resemble those of agarics, however the similarity is superficial only. The best-known member is the slimy spike-cap (Gomphidius glutinosus). The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in north temperate areas, and contains 10 species.

Taxonomy

Elias Magnus Fries initially described the genus as Agaricus subgenus Gomphus in 1821, before renaming it Gomphidius in 1825.

The genus gives its name to the family Gomphidiaceae. Despite being agaricoid (bearing gills) the genus (and family) belong to the Boletales (suborder Suillineae).{{cite journal |doi= 10.3852/mycologia.98.6.971 |vauthors= Binder M, Hibbett DS|year=2006|title=Molecular systematics and biological diversification of Boletales|journal=Mycologia|volume=98|issue=6|pages=971–81 |pmid= 17486973 }} The related genus Chroogomphus (whose species were once classified in Gomphidius), is distinguished by the lack of a partial veil.

The genus name is derived from the Greek 'γομφος' gomphos meaning 'plug' or 'large wedge-shaped nail'.{{cite book|vauthors=Liddell HJ, Scott R|year=1980|title=Greek-English Lexicon, Abridged Edition|publisher=Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK|isbn=0-19-910207-4|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/lexicon00lidd}}

Fries did not designate a type species, but G. glutinosus was later designated the lectotype as it was the first species listed.

Miller subdivided the genus into three sections, section Microsporus, typified by small spores, with G. oregonensis as the type, section Roseogomphus, typified by large spores and pink cap, with G. subroseus as its type, and section Gomphidius.

Miller published a molecular analysis of the Gomphidiaceae in 2003, though material was not available from all taxa. The results showed G. flavipes and G. pseudoflavipes were sister taxa and their lineage was sister to a Japan-provenance material of G. roseus. G. glutinosus and G. oregonensis were sister taxa with G. smithii, G. subroseus and G. nigricans as progressively earlier offshoots. G. maculatus diverged from the ancestor of these eight species, and Gomphidius borealis may be an early offshoot that is basal to the split between Chroogomphus and Gomphidius. Miller suggested that the gasteroid species Gomphogaster leucosarx may lie within Gomphidius but did not analyse that taxon genetically.

===List of species===

class="wikitable"
ImageScientific nameYearDistribution
Gomphidius alachuanus {{small |Murrill}}1939Florida
Gomphidius albipes {{small |Yu Li & L.L. Qi}}2017northeastern China
Gomphidius borealis {{small |O.K. Mill., Aime & Peintner}}2002Siberia
Gomphidius flavipes {{small |Peck}} 1900North America
120pxGomphidius glutinosus {{small|(Schaeff.) Fr.}} Slimy spike-cap1838Europe & North America.
Gomphidius griseovinaceus {{small|Kalamees}}{{cite web |title=Species Fungorum - GSD Species |url=http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/GSDSpecies.asp?RecordID=131601 |website=www.speciesfungorum.org |access-date=23 January 2021}}1986
120pxGomphidius largus {{small|O.K. Mill.}}1971North America
120pxGomphidius maculatus {{small| (Scop.) Fr.}}1838North America
120pxGomphidius nigricans {{small|Peck}}1897North America
120pxGomphidius oregonensis {{small|Peck}}1898North America
Gomphidius pseudoflavipes {{small| O.K. Mill. & F.J. Camacho}}2003North America
Gomphidius pseudoglutinosus {{small| K. Das, Hembrom, A. Parihar & Vizzini}}2020
Gomphidius pseudomaculatus {{small| O.K. Mill.}}1971North America
120pxGomphidius roseus {{small|(Fr.) Oudem.}}1867Europe
120pxGomphidius smithii {{small|Singer}}1948 [1946]North America
120pxGomphidius subroseus {{small|Kauffman}}1925North America
Gomphidius tyrrhenicus {{small| D. Antonini & M. Antonini}}2004Italy and Spain

Description

The members of the genus have pink- to purple-, grey- or brown-tinted caps that have a sticky surface and a varnished appearance when dry. They have white gills.

Distribution and habitat

The genus occurs in coniferous forests throughout North America, Eurasia and North Africa. Gomphidius species associate with members of the subfamilies Piceoideae (Picea), Laricoideae (Larix and Pseudotsuga) and Abietoideae (Abies and Tsuga) within the Pinaceae.

References

{{Reflist|30em|refs=

{{cite journal |doi=10.3852/mycologia.98.6.971 |vauthors=Binder M, Hibbett DS |year=2006|title=Molecular systematics and biological diversification of Boletales|journal=Mycologia|volume=98|issue=6|pages=971–81 |pmid= 17486973}}

{{cite book |vauthors=Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA |title=Dictionary of the Fungi |edition=10th |publisher=CABI |location=Wallingford |year=2008|page=289|isbn=978-0-85199-826-8}}

{{cite journal |author=Miller OK|year=1971|title=The Genus Gomphidius with a Revised Description of the Gomphidiaceae and a Key to the Genera |journal=Mycologia|volume=63|issue=6|pages=1129–63|doi=10.2307/3757989|jstor=3757989 }}

{{cite journal |author1=Miller OK Jr. |author2=Aime MC |author3=Camacho FJ |author4=Peintner U |year=2002|title=Two new species of Gomphidius from the Western United States and Eastern Siberia |journal=Mycologia|volume=94|issue=6|pages=1044–1050|doi=10.2307/3761869|jstor=3761869 |pmid=21156575 }}

{{cite journal |author=Miller OK Jr.|year=2003|title=The Gomphidiaceae revisited: a worldwide perspective|journal=Mycologia|volume=95|issue=1|pages= 176–83|url=http://www.mycologia.org/content/95/1/176.full|doi=10.2307/3761977|jstor=3761977 |pmid=21156604 |url-access=subscription}}

}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1631217}}

Category:Boletales

Category:Boletales genera

Category:Taxa named by Elias Magnus Fries

Category:Taxa described in 1836