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Gondwana Rainforests

{{Short description|Area of subtropical rainforest in Australia}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}

{{Use Australian English|date=September 2014}}

{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site

| WHS = Gondwana Rainforests of Australia

| image = Box Log Falls, Springbrook National Park.jpg

| image_upright = 1.2

| caption = Box Log Falls, Lamington National Park in Queensland

| location = New South Wales and Queensland, Australia

| includes =

| criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(viii), (ix), (x)}}(viii), (ix), (x)

| ID = 368bis

| coordinates = {{coord|28|15|S|150|3|E|display=inline, title|format=dms}}

| year = 1986

| extension = 1994

| area = {{convert|370,000|ha|sqmi|abbr=on}}

| embedded = {{Location map many | Australia

| caption = From the Main Range in the north to the Barrington Tops in the south, various grouping of the Gondwana Rainforests on the Australian continent

| relief = 1

| width = 300

| float = none

| border = none

| label1 = Acacia Plateau Flora Reserve (NSW)

| mark1size = 3

| pos1 = none

| bg1 =

| lat1_deg = 28 | lat1_min = 18 | lat1_dir=S

| lon1_deg = 152 | lon1_min = 25 | lon1_dir=E

| label2 = Amaroo Flora Reserve (NSW)

| mark2size = 3

| pos2 = none

| bg2 =

| lat2_deg = 28 | lat2_min = 23 | lat2_dir=S

| lon2_deg = 153 | lon2_min = 14 | lon2_dir=E

| label3 = Barrington Tops

| mark3size = 3

| pos3 = left

| bg3 =

| lat3_deg = 32 | lat3_min = 3 | lat3_dir=S

| lon3_deg = 151 | lon3_min = 29 | lon3_dir=E

| label4 = Border Ranges National Park

| mark4size = 3

| pos4 = none

| bg4 =

| lat4_deg = 28 | lat4_min = 22 | lat4_dir=S

| lon4_deg = 152 | lon4_min = 59 | lon4_dir=E

| label5 = Captains Creek Flora Reserve (NSW)

| mark5size = 3

| pos5 = none

| bg5 =

| lat5_deg = 28 | lat5_min = 31 | lat5_dir=S

| lon5_deg = 152 | lon5_min = 20 | lon5_dir=E

| label6 = Cunnawarra National Park

| mark6size = 3

| pos6 = none

| bg6 =

| lat6_deg = 30 | lat6_min = 37 | lat6_dir=S

| lon6_deg = 152 | lon6_min = 13 | lon6_dir=E

| label7 = Dorrigo National Park

| mark7size = 3

| pos7 = none

| bg7 =

| lat7_deg = 30 | lat7_min = 21 | lat7_dir=S

| lon7_deg = 152 | lon7_min = 49 | lon7_dir=E

| label8 = Emu Vale

| mark8size = 3

| pos8 = none

| bg8 =

| lat8_deg = 28 | lat8_min = 13 | lat8_dir=S

| lon8_deg = 152 | lon8_min = 15 | lon8_dir=E

| label9 = Fenwicks Scrub Flora Reserve

| mark9size = 3

| pos9 = none

| bg9 =

| lat9_deg = 31 | lat9_min = 17 | lat9_dir=S

| lon9_deg = 152 | lon9_min = 9 | lon9_dir=E

| label10 = Gibraltar Range National Park

| mark10size = 3

| pos10 = none

| bg10 =

| lat10_deg = 29 | lat10_min = 32 | lat10_dir=S

| lon10_deg = 152 | lon10_min = 19 | lon10_dir=E

| label11 = Iluka Nature Reserve

| mark11size = 3

| pos11 = none

| bg11 =

| lat11_deg = 29 | lat11_min = 24 | lat11_dir=S

| lon11_deg = 153 | lon11_min = 22 | lon11_dir=E

| label12 = Lamington National Park

| mark12size = 3

| pos12 = none

| bg12 =

| lat12_deg = 28 | lat12_min = 9 | lat12_dir=S

| lon12_deg = 153 | lon12_min = 7 | lon12_dir=E

| label13 = Limpinwood Nature Reserve

| mark13size = 3

| pos13 = none

| bg13 =

| lat13_deg = 28 | lat13_min = 18 | lat13_dir=S

| lon13_deg = 153 | lon13_min = 10 | lon13_dir=E

| label14 = Main Range National Park

| mark14size = 3

| pos14 =

| bg14 =

| lat14_deg = 27 | lat14_min = 49 | lat14_dir=S

| lon14_deg = 152 | lon14_min = 16 | lon14_dir=E

| label15 = Mallanganee National Park

| mark15size = 3

| pos15 = none

| bg15 =

| lat15_deg = 28 | lat15_min = 55 | lat15_dir=S

| lon15_deg = 152 | lon15_min = 45 | lon15_dir=E

| label16 = Mebbin National Park

| mark16size = 3

| pos16 = none

| bg16 =

| lat16_deg = 28 | lat16_min = 27 | lat16_dir=S

| lon16_deg = 153 | lon16_min = 10 | lon16_dir=E

| label17 = Mount Barney National Park

| mark17size = 3

| pos17 = none

| bg17 =

| lat17_deg = 28 | lat17_min = 16 | lat17_dir=S

| lon17_deg = 152 | lon17_min = 40 | lon17_dir=E

| label18 = Mount Chinghee National Park

| mark18size = 3

| pos18 = none

| bg18 =

| lat18_deg = 28 | lat18_min = 18 | lat18_dir=S

| lon18_deg = 152 | lon18_min = 57 | lon18_dir=E

| label19 = Mount Clunie National Park

| mark19size = 3

| pos19 = none

| bg19 =

| lat19_deg = 28 | lat19_min = 19 | lat19_dir=S

| lon19_deg = 152 | lon19_min = 31 | lon19_dir=E

| label20 = Mount Hyland Nature Reserve

| mark20size = 3

| pos20 = none

| bg20 =

| lat20_deg = 30 | lat20_min = 10 | lat20_dir=S

| lon20_deg = 152 | lon20_min = 27 | lon20_dir=E

| label21 = Mount Nothofagus National Park

| mark21size = 3

| pos21 = none

| bg21 =

| lat21_deg = 28 | lat21_min = 19 | lat21_dir=S

| lon21_deg = 152 | lon21_min = 38 | lon21_dir=E

| label22 = Mount Royal National Park

| mark22size = 3

| pos22 = none

| bg22 =

| lat22_deg = 32 | lat22_min = 12 | lat22_dir=S

| lon22_deg = 151 | lon22_min = 19 | lon22_dir=E

| label23 = Mount Seaview State Forest (NSW)

| mark23size = 3

| pos23 = none

| bg23 =

| lat23_deg = 31 | lat23_min = 23 | lat23_dir=S

| lon23_deg = 152 | lon23_min = 12 | lon23_dir=E

| label24 = New England National Park

| mark24size = 3

| pos24 = none

| bg24 =

| lat24_deg = 30 | lat24_min = 36 | lat24_dir=S

| lon24_deg = 152 | lon24_min = 27 | lon24_dir=E

| label25 = Nightcap National Park

| mark25size = 3

| pos25 = none

| bg25 =

| lat25_deg = 28 | lat25_min = 33 | lat25_dir=S

| lon25_deg = 153 | lon25_min = 18 | lon25_dir=E

| label26 = Numinbah Nature Reserve

| mark26size = 3

| pos26 = none

| bg26 =

| lat26_deg = 28 | lat26_min = 15 | lat26_dir=S

| lon26_deg = 153 | lon26_min = 16 | lon26_dir=E

| label27 = Oxley Wild Rivers National Park

| mark27size = 3

| pos27 = none

| bg27 =

| lat27_deg = 30 | lat27_min = 59 | lat27_dir=S

| lon27_deg = 152 | lon27_min = 01 | lon27_dir=E

| label28 = Spicers Gap

| mark28size = 3

| pos28 = none

| bg28 =

| lat28_deg = 28 | lat28_min = 4 | lat28_dir=S

| lon28_deg = 152 | lon28_min = 25 | lon28_dir=E

| label29 = Springbrook National Park

| mark29size = 3

| pos29 = none

| bg29 =

| lat29_deg = 28 | lat29_min = 8 | lat29_dir=S

| lon29_deg = 153 | lon29_min = 16 | lon29_dir=E

| label30 = The Castles Flora Reserve (NSW)

| mark30size = 3

| pos30 = none

| bg30 =

| lat30_deg = 31 | lat30_min = 00 | lat30_dir=S

| lon30_deg = 152 | lon30_min = 20 | lon30_dir=E

| label31 = Tooloom National Park

| mark31size = 3

| pos31 = none

| bg31 =

| lat31_deg = 28 | lat31_min = 27 | lat31_dir=S

| lon31_deg = 152 | lon31_min = 27 | lon31_dir=E

| label32 = Toonumbar National Park

| mark32size = 3

| pos32 = none

| bg32 =

| lat32_deg = 28 | lat32_min = 29 | lat32_dir=S

| lon32_deg = 152 | lon32_min = 43 | lon32_dir=E

| label33 = Washpool National Park

| mark33size = 3

| pos33 = none

| bg33 =

| lat33_deg = 29 | lat33_min = 20 | lat33_dir=S

| lon33_deg = 152 | lon33_min = 20 | lon33_dir=E

| label34 = Werrikimbe National Park

| mark34size = 3

| pos34 = none

| bg34 =

| lat34_deg = 31 | lat34_min = 12 | lat34_dir=S

| lon34_deg = 152 | lon34_min = 14 | lon34_dir=E

| label35 = Willi Willi National Park

| mark35size = 3

| pos35 = none

| bg35 =

| lat35_deg = 31 | lat35_min = 11 | lat35_dir=S

| lon35_deg = 152 | lon35_min = 29 | lon35_dir=E

| label36 = Wilsons Peak Flora Reserve

| mark36size = 3

| pos36 = none

| bg36 =

| lat36_deg = 28 | lat36_min = 15 | lat36_dir=S

| lon36_deg = 152 | lon36_min = 29 | lon36_dir=E

| label37 = Wollumbin National Park

| mark37size = 3

| pos37 = none

| bg37 =

| lat37_deg = 28 | lat37_min = 23 | lat37_dir=S

| lon37_deg = 153 | lon37_min = 16 | lon37_dir=E

}}

{{Infobox designation list

| embed = yes

| designation1 = ANHL

| designation1_offname = Gondwana Rainforests of Australia

| designation1_type = National heritage (landscape)

| designation1_date = 17 December 1994

| delisted1_date =

| designation1_partof =

| designation1_number = {{ANHL|105135}}

| designation1_free1name = Class

| designation1_free1value = Natural

| designation1_free2name = Legal Status

| designation1_free2value = Declared property

| designation1_free3name = List

| designation_free3value = World Heritage List

| designation2 = New South Wales State Heritage Register

| designation2_offname = Gondwana Rainforests of Australia; Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves; Gondwana Rainforests of Australia (new name from 2007); North East Rainforests World Heritage Area

| designation2_type = State heritage (landscape)

| designation2_date = 2 April 1999

| delisted2_date =

| designation2_partof =

| designation2_number = 1002

| designation2_free1name = Type

| designation2_free1value = Wilderness

| designation2_free2name = Category

| designation2_free2value = Landscape – Natural

| designation2_free3name = Builders

| designation2_free3value =

}}

}}

The Gondwana Rainforests of Australia, formerly known as the Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves, are the most extensive area of subtropical rainforest in the world.{{cite web |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/world/gondwana/index.html |title=Gondwana Rainforests of Australia |access-date=31 August 2008 |work=Department of the Environment |publisher=Australian Government |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726061553/http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/world/gondwana/index.html |archive-date=26 July 2008 |df=dmy-all }} Collectively, the rainforests are a World Heritage Site with fifty separate reserves totalling {{convert|366500|ha|acre}} from {{NSWcity|Newcastle}} to Brisbane.{{cite book |title=Australia's National and Marine Parks: Queensland |last=Reid |first=Greg |year=2004 |publisher=Macmillan Education Australia |location=South Yarra, Victoria|isbn=0-7329-9053-X |page=11 }}

Background

The Gondwana Rainforests are so-named because the fossil record indicates that when Gondwana existed it was covered by rainforests containing the same kinds of species that are living today. Not all Gondwanan rainforests in Australia are located in the New South Wales{{spaced endash}}Queensland region; the largest Gondwanan rainforest in Australia is located in Tasmania's Tarkine wilderness. The number of visitors to the Gondwana rainforest reserves in New South Wales and Queensland is about 2 million per year.

The World Heritage status of the region was created and negotiated initially in 1986, with the area extended in 1994, following a nomination which was prepared in 1992 by the Rainforest Conservation Society.{{Citation|author1=Keto, Aila | author-link1=Aila Keto | author2=Scott, Keith | title=The central eastern rainforests of Australia : World Heritage nomination | publication-date=1992 | publisher=Rainforest Conservation Society | url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/24045583 | access-date=14 October 2021 | archive-date=27 October 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027183844/https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/24045583 | url-status=live }} The World Heritage listing carries the following inscription:

{{quotation|The Gondwana Rainforests of Australia is a serial property comprising the major remaining areas of rainforest in southeast Queensland and northeast New South Wales. It represents outstanding examples of major stages of the Earth’s evolutionary history, ongoing geological and biological processes, and exceptional biological diversity. A wide range of plant and animal lineages and communities with ancient origins in Gondwana, many of which are restricted largely or entirely to the Gondwana Rainforests, survive in this collection of reserves. The Gondwana Rainforests also provides the principal habitat for many threatened species of plants and animals.|Brief synthesis of the Gondwana Rainforests of Australia as inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.}}

The site was gazetted on the Australian National Heritage List on 21 May 2007{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;place_id=105135|title=Gondwana Rainforests of Australia, Lismore, NSW, Australia|work=Australian Heritage Database: Department of the Environment|date=2014|access-date=7 September 2014|publisher=Australian Government|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140510073429/http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;place_id=105135|archive-date=10 May 2014|url-status=live}} under the {{Cite Legislation AU|Cth|act|eahlaa12003459|Environment and Heritage Legislation Amendment Act (No. 1), 2003}};{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/pages/758ea283-6b9d-41bc-a29a-1276e1c7fced/files/10568601.pdf|type=PDF|title=Determination regarding including World Heritage places in the National Heritage List|work=Special government gazette|number=S.99|date=21 May 2007|access-date=30 August 2014|publisher=Department of the Environment and Water Resources, Commonwealth of Australia|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903135629/http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/pages/758ea283-6b9d-41bc-a29a-1276e1c7fced/files/10568601.pdf|archive-date=3 September 2014|df=dmy-all}} and the New South Wales portion was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.{{cite NSW SHR|5014148|Gondwana Rainforests of Australia|hr=01002|fn=H99/00224/5|access-date=2 June 2018}}

Conservation value

The forests were inscribed to the World Heritage list in 1986, covering only the New South Wales sites of approximately {{convert|310800|ha}} and extended in 1994 to cover the Queensland sites of approximately {{convert|59200|ha}} which is a total of approximately {{convert|370000|ha}}. The rainforest reserves have an extremely high conservation value, with more than 200 rare or threatened plant and animal species.

Eight separate areas have been identified as having outstanding heritage significance to Australia and are included on the Australian National Heritage List. The altitude of the reserves ranges from sea level to almost {{convert|1600|m|ft|abbr=on}}.{{cite web |url=http://www.eoearth.org/article/Central_Eastern_Rainforest_Reserves,_Australia#Physical_Features |title=Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves, Australia |author=McGinley, Mark |access-date=1 July 2009 |date=9 December 2008 |work=Encyclopedia of Earth |publisher=United Nations Environment Programme: World Conservation Monitoring Centre |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016064413/http://www.eoearth.org/article/Central_Eastern_Rainforest_Reserves%2C_Australia#Physical_Features |archive-date=16 October 2009 |df=dmy-all }}

On 22 December 2000, the High Conservation Value Old Growth forest covering 24 national parks and 19 nature reserves spread across 12 local government areas in the upper north east region of New South Wales were listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register.{{cite NSW SHR|5051503|High Conservation Value Old Growth forest|hr=01487|fn=H99/00224; EF14/5007|access-date=18 May 2018}}

National parks

The Queensland areas include the Main Range, at its most northern point; and extending south, the Lamington, Mount Chinghee, Springbrook and Mount Barney national parks.

The New South Wales areas include the Barrington Tops, at its most southern point; and extending north, the Dorrigo, Mount Warning, New England, Mebbin, Nightcap, Border Ranges, Oxley Wild Rivers, Washpool, Willi Willi and Werrikimbe national parks.{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/368/multiple=1&unique_number=422|title=Gondwana Rainforests of Australia|access-date=9 June 2008|work=World Heritage List|publisher=UNESCO|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527051520/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/368/multiple%3D1%26unique_number%3D422|archive-date=27 May 2008|df=dmy-all}}

The most heavily visited parts are Dorrigo National Park and the Natural Bridge section of Springbrook National Park.

Destruction

The region was historically logged extremely heavily, to such an extent that only 1% of the original range of the Gondwana rainforest remains in Australia. Most of the logged regions have been taken over by eucalyptus forest. {{Cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-01-18/gondwana-era-nightcap-oak-devastated-by-bushfire/11877770|title=Gondwana-era nightcap oak devastated by unprecedented bushfire|last=Shoebridge|first=Joanne|last2=Marciniak|first2=Catherine|date=2020-01-18|website=ABC News (Australia)|access-date=2020-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200118025250/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-01-18/gondwana-era-nightcap-oak-devastated-by-bushfire/11877770|archive-date=18 January 2020|url-status=live}}

During the 2019-2020 Australian bushfire season, many regions of the Gondwana rainforest were devastated by bushfires for the first time, with some preliminary reports indicating that up to 53% of the forests may have burned as of January 2020. Among the devastated habitats are several locations that are significant for some critically imperiled species, such as the nightcap oak and the giant barred frog. The presence of these devastating blazes in areas that have never burned before has been linked to the encroachment of the flammable eucalyptus trees into the logged areas adjoining the forests.{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/jan/17/its-heart-wrenching-80-of-blue-mountains-and-50-of-gondwana-rainforests-burn-in-bushfires|title='It's heart-wrenching': 80% of Blue Mountains and 50% of Gondwana rainforests burn in bushfires|last=Cox|first=Lisa|date=2020-01-16|work=The Guardian|access-date=2020-01-18|last2=Evershed|first2=Nick|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200118234106/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/jan/17/its-heart-wrenching-80-of-blue-mountains-and-50-of-gondwana-rainforests-burn-in-bushfires|archive-date=18 January 2020|url-status=live}} The general claim of "never burned before" has been challenged by several commentators, based on an article in The Cairns Post on 25 October 1951 that reported a "fire has burnt out about 2000 acres of thick rainforest country" in the Lamington National Park.{{cite news|url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/42728679|title=Bushfires Over Large Part of State|newspaper=The Cairns Post|date=25 October 1951|page=1|via=Trove}}

Australian National Heritage List sections

The Gondwana Rainforests of Australia are divided into sections for listing on the Australian National Heritage List, from north to south, as below:

class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"

|+ Gondwana Rainforests of Australia

scope="col" rowspan="2" | Section

! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Park or reserve name

! scope="col" rowspan="2" | State

! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Image

! scope="col" colspan="2" | Area

! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Coordinates

! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Source(s)

scope="col" | km2

! scope="col" | sq mi

scope="row" rowspan="10" | Main Range group;
near Killarney

| Acacia Plateau Flora Reserve

| NSW

|

|

|

|

Emu Vale State Forest (part)

| Qld

|

|

|

|

Gambubal State Forest (part)

| Qld

|

|

|

|

Gilbert State Forest (part)

| Qld

|

|

|

|

Goomburra State Forest (part)

| Qld

|

|

|

|

Main Range National Park

| Qld

| 100px

| {{convert|184|km2|sqmi|disp=table}}

| {{coord|27|48|57|S|152|15|56|E|display=inline}}

|{{cite web|url=http://www.nprsr.qld.gov.au/managing/plans-strategies/statements/main-range.html|title=Main Range National Park and Spicers Gap Road Regional Park Management Statement 2013|work=Department of National Parks, Recreation, Sport and Racing|publisher=Government of Queensland|date=11 November 2013|access-date=7 September 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908155007/http://www.nprsr.qld.gov.au/managing/plans-strategies/statements/main-range.html|archive-date=8 September 2014|df=dmy-all}}

Spicers Gap Road Conservation Park

| Qld

| 100px

|

|

| {{coord|28|04|35|S|152|23|26|E|display=inline}}

|

Spicers Gap State Forest (part)

| Qld

|

|

|

|

Teviot State Forest (part)

| Qld

|

|

|

|

Wilsons Peak Flora Reserve

| NSW

| 100px

|

|

| {{coord|28|15|19|S|152|29|21|E|display=inline}}

|{{citation |mode=cs1 |url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/parks/cerra-values-report.pdf#75 |format=PDF |section=9.2 Main Range Group |title=World Heritage and Associative Natural Values of the Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves of Australia |publisher=Government of New South Wales |orig-year=June 2003 |date=December 2004 |access-date=22 September 2014 |last=Hunter |first=R. John |page=66 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924070344/http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/parks/cerra-values-report.pdf#75 |archive-date=24 September 2015}}

scope="row" rowspan="7" | Focal Peak group;
on the NSW–Qld border

| Burnett Creek State Forest (part)

|

|

|

|

|

Captains Creek Flora Reserve (part)

|

|

|

|

|

Mallanganee National Park

| NSW

|

| {{convert|11|km2|sqmi|disp=table}}

| {{coord|25|55|09|S|152|45|13|E|display=inline}}

|{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkHome.aspx?id=N0142|title=Mallanganee National Park|work=Office of Environment and Heritage|publisher=Government of New South Wales|access-date=7 September 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907171232/http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkHome.aspx?id=N0142|archive-date=7 September 2014|df=dmy-all}}

Mount Clunie National Park (part)

| NSW

|

| {{convert|14|km2|sqmi|disp=table}}

| {{coord|28|19|27|S|152|31|12|E|display=inline}}

|{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkHome.aspx?id=N0146|title=Mount Clunie National Park|work=Office of Environment and Heritage|publisher=Government of New South Wales|access-date=10 September 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911002413/http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkHome.aspx?id=N0146|archive-date=11 September 2014|df=dmy-all}}

Mount Nothofagus National Park (part)

| NSW

|

| {{convert|22|km2|sqmi|disp=table}}

| {{coord|28|19|02|S|152|38|01|E|display=inline}}

|{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkHome.aspx?id=N0147|title=Mount Nothofagus National Park|work=Office of Environment and Heritage|publisher=Government of New South Wales|access-date=10 September 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911001701/http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkHome.aspx?id=N0147|archive-date=11 September 2014|df=dmy-all}}

Tooloom National Park (part)

| NSW

| 100px

| {{convert|44|km2|sqmi|disp=table}}

| {{coord|28|26|47|S|152|27|13|E|display=inline}}

|{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkManagement.aspx?id=N0091|title=Tooloom National Park: Park management|work=Office of Environment and Heritage|publisher=Government of New South Wales|access-date=10 September 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910195814/http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkManagement.aspx?id=N0091|archive-date=10 September 2014|df=dmy-all}}

Toonumbar National Park (part)

| NSW

| 100px

| {{convert|149|km2|sqmi|disp=table}}

| {{coord|28|29|16|S|152|43|33|E|display=inline}}

|{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkHome.aspx?id=N0092|title=Toonumbar National Park|work=Office of Environment and Heritage|publisher=Government of New South Wales|access-date=10 September 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911001914/http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkHome.aspx?id=N0092|archive-date=11 September 2014|df=dmy-all}}

scope="row" rowspan="11" | Shield Volcano group;
on the NSW–Qld border
on the McPherson and Tweed ranges

| Amaroo Flora Reserve

|

|

|

|

|

Border Ranges National Park (part)

| NSW

| 100px

| {{convert|317|km2|sqmi|disp=table}}

| {{coord|28|21|35|S|152|59|10|E|display=inline}}

|{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkManagement.aspx?id=N0050|title=Border Ranges National Park: Park management|work=NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service|publisher=Government of New South Wales|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911001658/http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkManagement.aspx?id=N0050|archive-date=11 September 2014|df=dmy-all}}

Lamington National Park

| Qld

| 100px

| {{convert|206|km2|sqmi|disp=table}}

| {{coord|28|8|32|S|153|6|55|E|display=inline}}

|

Limpinwood Nature Reserve

| NSW

|

| {{convert|26.5|km2|sqmi|disp=table}}

| {{coord|28|17|56|S|153|10|26|E|display=inline}}

|{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkHome.aspx?id=N0444|title=Limpinwood Nature Reserve: Park management|work=Office of Environment and Heritage|publisher=Government of New South Wales|access-date=28 September 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205032620/http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkHome.aspx?id=N0444|archive-date=5 December 2014|df=dmy-all}}

Mebbin National Park (part)

|

|

|

|

|

Mount Chinghee National Park

|

| 100px

|

|

|

Nightcap National Park (part)

|

|

|

|

|

Numinbah Nature Reserve

| NSW

| 100px

| {{convert|8.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table}}

| {{coord|28|15

S|153|16E|display=inline}}

|{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkManagement.aspx?id=N0545|title=Numinbah Nature Reserve: Park management|work=Office of Environment and Heritage|publisher=Government of New South Wales|access-date=28 September 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913053735/http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkManagement.aspx?id=N0545|archive-date=13 September 2014|df=dmy-all}}

Springbrook National Park (part)

| Qld

| 100px

| {{convert|62|km2|sqmi|disp=table}}

| {{coord|28|08|24|S|153|16|27|E|display=inline}}

|{{cite web|url=http://www.derm.qld.gov.au/parks/springbrook/culture.html|title=Springbrook National Park: Nature, culture and history|access-date=12 July 2009|date=29 April 2009|publisher=Government of Queensland|work=Department of Environment, Resources, and Mining|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100324204205/http://www.derm.qld.gov.au/parks/springbrook/culture.html|archive-date=24 March 2010|df=dmy-all}}

various Rabbit Board Reserves
along the Rabbit Board fence

|

|

|

|

|

Wollumbin National Park

| NSW

| 100px

| {{convert|24|km2|sqmi|disp=table}}

| {{coord|28|23|23|S|153|16|7|E|display=inline}}

|{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkHome.aspx?id=N0183|title=Wollumbin National Park|work=NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service|publisher=Government of New South Wales|date=24 September 2013|access-date=1 May 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502002313/http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkHome.aspx?id=N0183|archive-date=2 May 2014|df=dmy-all}}

scope="row" | Coastal group;
on the coast at Iluka

| Iluka Nature Reserve

| NSW

| 100px

| {{convert|1.35|km2|sqmi|disp=table}}

| {{coord|29|24|14|S|153|21|44|E|display=inline}}

|{{cite web|title=Iluka Nature Reserve: Park management|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkManagement.aspx?id=N0510|work=Office of Environment and Heritage|publisher=Government of New South Wales|access-date=23 September 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011003818/http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkManagement.aspx?id=N0510|archive-date=11 October 2014|df=dmy-all}}

scope="row" rowspan="2" | Washpool and Gibraltar Range group;
contiguous areas between Glen Innes and Grafton

| Gibraltar Range National Park

| NSW

|

|

|

|

Washpool National Park

| NSW

|

|

|

|

scope="row" rowspan="4" | New England group;
near Dorrigo

| Cunnawarra National Park (part)

| NSW

|

|

|

|

Dorrigo National Park (part)

| NSW

|

|

|

|

Mount Hyland Nature Reserve (part)

| NSW

| 100px

| {{convert|25|km2|sqmi|disp=table}}

| {{coord|30|9|36|S|152|26|42|E|display=inline}}

|{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkManagement.aspx?id=N0566|title=Mount Hyland Nature Reserve: Park management|work=Office of Environment and Heritage|publisher=Government of New South Wales|access-date=28 September 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205031726/http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkManagement.aspx?id=N0566|archive-date=5 December 2014|df=dmy-all}}

New England National Park (part)

| NSW

| 100px

| {{convert|673|km2|sqmi|disp=table}}

| {{coord|30|35|34|S|152|27|30|E|display=inline}}

|{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkManagement.aspx?id=N0028|title=New England National Park: Park management|work=Office of Environment and Heritage|publisher=Government of New South Wales|access-date=10 September 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911001917/http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkManagement.aspx?id=N0028|archive-date=11 September 2014|df=dmy-all}}

scope="row" rowspan="6" | Hastings{{endash}}Macleay group;
southeast of Armidale

| Fenwicks Scrub Flora Reserve

| NSW

| 100px

| {{convert|1.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table}}

| {{coord|31|17

S|152|8.8E|display=inline}}

|

Mount Seaview Nature Reserve

| NSW

|

|

|

|

Oxley Wild Rivers National Park (part)

| NSW

| 100px

| {{convert|1452|km2|sqmi|disp=table}}

| {{coord|30|59|47|S|152|00|36|E|display=inline}}

|{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkManagement.aspx?id=N0043|title=Oxley Wild Rivers National Park: Park Management|work=Office of Environment and Heritage|publisher=Government of New South Wales|access-date=10 September 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911002518/http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkManagement.aspx?id=N0043|archive-date=11 September 2014|df=dmy-all}}

The Castles Flora Reserve

| NSW

|

|

|

| {{coord|30|59|55|S|152|20|5|E|display=inline}}

|{{Gazetteer of Australia|name=The Castles Flora Reserve (NSW)|feature=NSW72143}}

Werrikimbe National Park (part)

| NSW

| 100px

| {{convert|333|km2|sqmi|disp=table}}

| {{coord|31|12

S|152|14E|display=inline}}

|{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkHome.aspx?id=N0042|title=Werrikimbe National Park|work=Office of Environment and Heritage|publisher=Government of New South Wales|access-date=10 September 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140912135903/http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkHome.aspx?id=N0042|archive-date=12 September 2014|df=dmy-all}}

Willi Willi National Park (part)

| NSW

|

| {{convert|299|km2|sqmi|disp=table}}

| {{coord|31|10|43|S|152|29|27|E|display=inline}}

|{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkManagement.aspx?id=N0102|title=Willi Willi National Park|work=Office of Environment and Heritage|publisher=Government of New South Wales|access-date=10 September 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141207151754/http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkManagement.aspx?id=N0102|archive-date=7 December 2014|df=dmy-all}}

scope="row" rowspan="2" | Barrington Tops group;
north of Dungog

| Barrington Tops National Park (part)

| NSW

| 100px

| {{convert|765|km2|sqmi|disp=table}}

| {{coord|32|3|10|S|151|29|37|E|display=inline}}

|{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkManagement.aspx?id=N0002|title=Barrington Tops National Park|work=Office of Environment and Heritage|publisher=Government of New South Wales|access-date=11 September 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911180235/http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkManagement.aspx?id=N0002|archive-date=11 September 2014|df=dmy-all}}

Mount Royal National Park (part)

| NSW

| 100px

| {{convert|69|km2|sqmi|disp=table}}

| {{coord|32|12|1|S|151|19|25|E|display=inline}}

|{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkManagement.aspx?id=N0107|title=Mount Royal National Park|work=Office of Environment and Heritage|publisher=Government of New South Wales|access-date=10 September 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911172223/http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/NationalParks/parkManagement.aspx?id=N0107|archive-date=11 September 2014|df=dmy-all}}

See also

{{stack|{{portal|New South Wales|Queensland|environment}}}}

References

{{reflist|30em}}

= Attribution =

{{NSW-SHR-CC-contains|name=Gondwana Rainforests of Australia|dno=5014148|id=01002|year=2018|access-date=2 June 2018}}

External links

  • [http://environment.gov.au/heritage/places/world/gondwana/index.html World heritage listing for Gondwana Rainforests of Australia]
  • [http://www.bigvolcano.com.au/natural/whin.htm Introduction to Gondwana Rainforests of Australia]
  • {{cite web|url=http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/parks/cerra-values-report.pdf|type=PDF|title=World Heritage and Associative Natural Values of the Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves of Australia|work=NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service|publisher=Government of New South Wales|orig-year=June 2003 |date=December 2004|author=Hunter, R. John|ref=none}}

{{World Heritage Sites in Australia}}

Category:World Heritage Sites in New South Wales

Category:World Heritage Sites in Queensland

Category:Protected areas of Queensland

Category:Protected areas of New South Wales

Category:Tourist attractions in Queensland

Category:Australian National Heritage List

*

Category:Forests of New South Wales

Category:Forests of Queensland

Category:Great Dividing Range

Category:Protected areas established in 1986

Category:1986 establishments in Australia

Category:New South Wales State Heritage Register

Category:Articles incorporating text from the New South Wales State Heritage Register

Category:Eastern Australian temperate forests

Category:Subtropical rainforests